Athens (world famous for its democratic politics)

Sparta (the largest city-state advocating force)

Small country with few people

Small area, small population The fantasy sea is full of mountains and islands.

Fang is a citizen and a non-citizen. Adult male citizens have the right to participate in governance.

Non-citizens, including foreigners and slaves, had no political rights

In the middle and late fifth century BC, during the reign of Pericles Athens reached its heyday, and slavery and democracy reached its peak.

The Citizens' Assembly is the highest authority with legislative, judicial and other functions

A subsidy system has been established to ensure that poor citizens can participate in politics. Provide certain allowances to those who hold public office and attend citizens' meetings

Characteristics: Sovereignty lies with the people, rule by turns, direct democracy

Limitations: Only adult male citizens accounted for the Athenian population, the vast majority were Gentiles, slave women had no political rights

positive influence

①Positive: It promotes the great exchange of Eastern and Western cultures and strengthens the economic ties and trade exchanges between the East and the West.

② Negative: Alexander’s Eastern Expeditions were of an aggressive nature, bringing huge disasters to the Eastern people and plundering countless wealth from the Eastern world.

Ancient Greek civilization was mainly characterized by democratic politics, while ancient Roman civilization was mainly characterized by legal construction

Around 450 BC, Rome promulgated the 12 Bronze Tables Law

It provides a written basis for conviction and sentencing, and to a certain extent limits the nobility’s misinterpretation and abuse of the law. It was the first step in the construction of the Roman legal system and was the Roman code of later generations. Origins from European Jurisprudence

Positive: it was Roman culture that penetrated the vast areas it ruled

Negative: The expansion and conquest of the Roman Empire was full of conflict and violence. It brought serious disasters to the conquered areas.

Greek mythology has a wide influence and is characterized by homomorphism between gods and humans.

Homer's epic poems are valuable cultural heritage and the main documents for understanding early Greek society.

Greece is mainly reflected in temples, and the Parthenon in Athens is a typical representative.

Rome absorbed the characteristics of Greek architecture and made some innovations, such as stone arches, domes, etc. Representative buildings include the Arena Aqueduct, the Arc de Triomphe, the Pantheon, etc.

Democritus: Proposed the atomic theory, believing that everything in the universe is composed of tiny atoms

Socrates: He spent his whole life exploring issues such as human soul virtue and happiness, and advocated that people should know themselves.

Aristotle: an encyclopedic scholar who founded new disciplines such as logic

12 The Bronze Table Law was the first step in the construction of the Roman legal system and was the Roman code of law for later generations. Origins from European Jurisprudence

The jurists of the Roman Empire conducted extensive arguments on the law and formed a complete system of Roman jurisprudence.

Caesar ordered the Julian calendar to be compiled based on the solar calendar. In the fourth century, Roman emperors used this as the Christian calendar, which later became the basis for the Gregorian calendar people use today.