The consultation goals agreed upon by both parties should be based on the completion of the psychological diagnosis stage [assessment-after completion of diagnosis]

It is carried out on the premise of comprehensively and accurately understanding the specific problems and psychological problems of the seeker, the nature, severity and duration of the problem, as well as the cognitive, behavioral, emotional and personality characteristics of the seeker.

Seven questions surrounding the collection of clinical data: who, who is asking for help; what, what happened; when, when it happened; where, where it happened; why, what is the reason why something happened; which, what happened Who is it related to; how, how did things evolve? [WHO: Including the family background, growth environment, cognitive characteristics, and behavioral patterns of the person seeking help]

It is important to understand this information, but if you want to master more information in a limited time, you need to pay attention to improving your questioning skills.

If the counselor can turn the consultation into the client's self-statement, it can serve two functions: Reduce the passive narration of questions and answers; at the same time, it has a helpful effect

During interviews, in addition to adopting an attitude of enthusiasm, sincerity, equality, and responsibility, we should also adopt corresponding interview methods for different objects and different psychological problems.

Factors that should be considered when choosing how to talk to visitors: age characteristics, personality characteristics, problem characteristics, and cultural characteristics

How does a counselor grasp the degree of success: step by step: if the topic is approached too quickly (a sensitive topic), the client will not be able to adapt, and will have emotions such as avoidance, denial, resistance, and disgust.

If the problem is very complex: first talk about the content that is easy to feel and grasp, and then gradually go into more depth.

If the problem is more secretive: talk about the general ones first and let them get used to it.

Identify the problem the client wants to solve

Learn more about the problem

Clarify the client’s true thoughts through the response of the client’s words and deeds

Deeply explore the underlying causes of the client’s problems [the most important]

Things to note when exploring underlying causes

Belongs to the category of psychology (knowledge, behavior, personality)

Positive (confront rather than avoid, consistent with development)

specific or quantitative

feasible (actionable)

Assessable (behaviors, concepts, emotions, scales, etc.)

mutually acceptable

Multi-level and unified (immediate and long-term, general and special, local and overall coordination and unity)

There is more than one problem that is urgent to be solved

The problem has no direct internal connection

Questions are divided into primary and secondary difficulties

There is a gap between what the consultant considers

It is necessary to consider the problems and needs of the client and refer to appropriate counseling theories.

Both parties participate in negotiations

When it is difficult to unify, focus on the goal of the seeker.

Negotiating goals is sometimes a process, and can be gradually adjusted as the consultation deepens.

Incorrect Consultants should maintain a completely neutral attitude, which is impossible to achieve During the consultation, some correct and healthy values ​​are instilled and taught to the seekers. no respect Take the happiness and satisfaction of the seeker as the goal of consultation Take the client's ability to adapt to the environment as the counseling goal (patience)

correct Be clear about your own value orientation and express it appropriately and accurately Help oneself grow, become independent and self-reliant, and take responsibility Pain is inevitable, try, work hard, experience, develop improve, adjust, overcome

Humanistic School: Self-Actualization

Behaviorism school: Describe behaviors by names, which are specific, observable, and measurable

Psychoanalytic school: Make the subconscious conscious, reorganize the basic personality, help the seeker re-experience early experiences, deal with repressed conflicts, and achieve rational awareness.

Gestalt School: Help seekers become aware of their experiences at this moment, motivate them to take responsibility, and use inner support to combat dependence on external support.

Rational Emotive School: Eliminate the seekers’ self-defeat view of life and help them become more tolerant and live a more rational life.

Establish a consulting relationship

Collect relevant information (through ingestive conversations, observation, psychological testing, etc.)

Conduct psychological diagnosis (clarify the client’s problem, the cause of the problem, and the severity of the problem)

Consultation stage: It is the core and most important substantive stage and takes the longest time.

Main contents: Adjust motivation for seeking help; agree on consultation goals; agree on a series of steps such as consultation plan and implementation plan

The counselor's main task: to help clients analyze and solve problems, and change their maladaptive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors.

Techniques used: Choose appropriate counseling techniques and intervention techniques based on your own theoretical tendencies and the client’s problems.

Consolidation stage: it is the summary and improvement stage of consultation

Two endings:

Consulting objectives: Specific consultation goals in the near future (may be more than one or two, but all must be consistent with the characteristics of the consultation goals) long-term consulting goals

Specific methods, processes and principles of consultation: Customized consulting methods and techniques Introduce its psychological methods or technical principles, etc.

Consultation effects and evaluation methods: Both parties clarify the consultation goals and effects expected to be achieved at the end of the consultation, and negotiate what evaluation methods and means to use to evaluate whether the goals are achieved and what effects are achieved.

Specific Responsibilities, Rights and Obligations of the Parties

Frequency and time arrangement of consultations: 1-2 times a week is appropriate; each consultation should last about 60 minutes It can also be flexibly adjusted according to the special circumstances of the visitor.

Consultation fees: No negotiation is required between the two parties; please explain the consultation fees before the consultation begins.

Other questions and related explanations should be clarified in writing if there are many goals for consultation and the number of consultations is expected to be high.