MindMap Gallery Chapter 8 Psychological Counseling Skills Section 2 Developing Individual Psychological Counseling Plans
Preparation materials for psychological counselors, Chapter 8 Psychological Counseling Skills Section 2 Formulating an individual psychological counseling plan, this picture is purely hand-drawn, thank you for your support, please pay more attention~
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Chapter 8 Psychological Counseling Skills Section 2 Develop individual psychological counseling plan
Unit 1 Agreeing Consultation Goals
Preliminary work to agree on consulting goals
Comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the person seeking help
The consultation goals agreed upon by both parties should be based on the completion of the psychological diagnosis stage [assessment-after completion of diagnosis]
It is carried out on the premise of comprehensively and accurately understanding the specific problems and psychological problems of the seeker, the nature, severity and duration of the problem, as well as the cognitive, behavioral, emotional and personality characteristics of the seeker.
Seven questions surrounding the collection of clinical data: who, who is asking for help; what, what happened; when, when it happened; where, where it happened; why, what is the reason why something happened; which, what happened Who is it related to; how, how did things evolve? [WHO: Including the family background, growth environment, cognitive characteristics, and behavioral patterns of the person seeking help]
It is important to understand this information, but if you want to master more information in a limited time, you need to pay attention to improving your questioning skills.
If the counselor can turn the consultation into the client's self-statement, it can serve two functions: Reduce the passive narration of questions and answers; at the same time, it has a helpful effect
During interviews, in addition to adopting an attitude of enthusiasm, sincerity, equality, and responsibility, we should also adopt corresponding interview methods for different objects and different psychological problems.
Factors that should be considered when choosing how to talk to visitors: age characteristics, personality characteristics, problem characteristics, and cultural characteristics
How does a counselor grasp the degree of success: step by step: if the topic is approached too quickly (a sensitive topic), the client will not be able to adapt, and will have emotions such as avoidance, denial, resistance, and disgust.
If the problem is very complex: first talk about the content that is easy to feel and grasp, and then gradually go into more depth.
If the problem is more secretive: talk about the general ones first and let them get used to it.
Ideas you can refer to when understanding the person seeking help in depth
Identify the problem the client wants to solve
Learn more about the problem
Clarify the client’s true thoughts through the response of the client’s words and deeds
Deeply explore the underlying causes of the client’s problems [the most important]
Things to note when exploring underlying causes
Avoid preconceptions and draw conclusions based on experience
There should be bias or stereotype effects, and you should listen more
Don’t jump to conclusions easily before clarifying the facts
The definition, origin, timing and characteristics of consultation objectives
Understanding the goals of counseling: goals to be achieved together. In specific cases, it is necessary to first clarify the consultation objectives Seeking help: goals to be achieved through self-exploration and change Counselor: Helps clients through the theories, methods and techniques of psychological counseling, and ultimately enables them to achieve their goals
Source of consultation objectives: mutually agreed upon by both parties
Agree on the timing: After psychological diagnosis, you will have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the client’s problem. Common mistakes for beginners: not completing the psychological diagnosis stage and rushing to agree on goals
Characteristics of Counseling Goals (Characteristics of Effective Counseling Goals)
Belongs to the category of psychology (knowledge, behavior, personality)
Positive (confront rather than avoid, consistent with development)
specific or quantitative
feasible (actionable)
Assessable (behaviors, concepts, emotions, scales, etc.)
mutually acceptable
Multi-level and unified (immediate and long-term, general and special, local and overall coordination and unity)
How to agree on counseling goals with clients
Find out the main problems of the seeker: most concerned, most troubled, and most urgently need to be solved (sometimes a counselor is needed to help find them)
Decide which problem to start with
There is more than one problem that is urgent to be solved
The problem has no direct internal connection
Questions are divided into primary and secondary difficulties
Solve the major ones first, then the minor ones
Solve the easy ones first, then the difficult ones
There is a gap between what the consultant considers
Both parties agree on consultation goals
It is necessary to consider the problems and needs of the client and refer to appropriate counseling theories.
Both parties participate in negotiations
When it is difficult to unify, focus on the goal of the seeker.
Negotiating goals is sometimes a process, and can be gradually adjusted as the consultation deepens.
Integration of consulting goals: Principle: Focus on big goals and start with small goals [Focus on the ultimate goal and start with specific goals]
Ultimate goal (long-term goal): Promote mental health and development, fully realize human potential, and achieve personality perfection Finally have a healthy and happy life → Happiness
Specific goals (short-term goals): Promote concept change, behavior improvement, emotional adjustment, etc., and eliminate specific obstacles
Things to consider when agreeing on consultation goals
Not all seekers provide valid goals: Other people's problems may not be voluntary; expressed in the form of emotions or feelings; the person seeking help is not clear; unrealistic expectations; expectations are not necessarily the goal; a deeper and more essential goal has been discovered
Some counselors have misconceptions about counseling goals
Incorrect Consultants should maintain a completely neutral attitude, which is impossible to achieve During the consultation, some correct and healthy values are instilled and taught to the seekers. no respect Take the happiness and satisfaction of the seeker as the goal of consultation Take the client's ability to adapt to the environment as the counseling goal (patience)
correct Be clear about your own value orientation and express it appropriately and accurately Help oneself grow, become independent and self-reliant, and take responsibility Pain is inevitable, try, work hard, experience, develop improve, adjust, overcome
Different schools of psychological counseling have different counseling goals
Humanistic School: Self-Actualization
[Maslow] believes that self-actualized people have the following common characteristics: good reality perception, willingness to accept nature, others and oneself, problem-centered rather than self-centered, and the need for solitude and independence
[Rogers] believes that self-actualized people have the following five characteristics: willing to accept all experiences, always living a fulfilling life, trusting their own body feelings, having a strong sense of freedom, and being highly creative [Focus on self]
Behaviorism school: Describe behaviors by names, which are specific, observable, and measurable
Psychoanalytic school: Make the subconscious conscious, reorganize the basic personality, help the seeker re-experience early experiences, deal with repressed conflicts, and achieve rational awareness.
Gestalt School: Help seekers become aware of their experiences at this moment, motivate them to take responsibility, and use inner support to combat dependence on external support.
Rational Emotive School: Eliminate the seekers’ self-defeat view of life and help them become more tolerant and live a more rational life.
Unit 2 Agreeing on a Consulting Plan
Divide consultation stages
Stage 1: Diagnosis (Initial Stage)
Establish a consulting relationship
Collect relevant information (through ingestive conversations, observation, psychological testing, etc.)
Conduct psychological diagnosis (clarify the client’s problem, the cause of the problem, and the severity of the problem)
The second stage: consultation (mid-term) is the most important thing
Consultation stage: It is the core and most important substantive stage and takes the longest time.
Main contents: Adjust motivation for seeking help; agree on consultation goals; agree on a series of steps such as consultation plan and implementation plan
The counselor's main task: to help clients analyze and solve problems, and change their maladaptive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors.
Techniques used: Choose appropriate counseling techniques and intervention techniques based on your own theoretical tendencies and the client’s problems.
The third stage: consolidation (late stage)
Consolidation stage: it is the summary and improvement stage of consultation
Two endings:
End of a consultation: Make a summary of the consultation and prepare for the next consultation, including assigning homework and agreeing on the time and topic of the next consultation.
At the end of the entire consultation: a review and summary of the consultation should be done to consolidate the results of the consultation so that the client can transfer what he has learned to his future life and improve his mental health.
Develop consulting plan
The role of formulating a consultation plan: to enable both parties to clarify the direction and goals of consultation; to satisfy the seeker’s right to know; to facilitate operation, inspection, and summary of experiences and lessons learned
Develop the content of the consulting plan
Consulting objectives: Specific consultation goals in the near future (may be more than one or two, but all must be consistent with the characteristics of the consultation goals) long-term consulting goals
Specific methods, processes and principles of consultation: Customized consulting methods and techniques Introduce its psychological methods or technical principles, etc.
Consultation effects and evaluation methods: Both parties clarify the consultation goals and effects expected to be achieved at the end of the consultation, and negotiate what evaluation methods and means to use to evaluate whether the goals are achieved and what effects are achieved.
Specific Responsibilities, Rights and Obligations of the Parties
Responsibilities, rights and obligations of those seeking help
responsibility Provide counselors with factual information related to psychological issues Proactively work with counselors to explore solutions to problems Complete tasks agreed upon by both parties
right: Have the right to know the counselor’s training background and qualifications Have the right to understand the specific methods, processes and principles of consultation Have the right to choose or change suitable consultants The right to make a referral or discontinue consultation Have the right to know, negotiate and choose the content of the consultation plan
obligation: Comply with the relevant regulations of the consulting agency Comply with and implement all aspects of the agreed consultation plan Respect the consultant, abide by the appointment time, and inform the consultant in advance if there are any special circumstances.
Counselor Responsibilities, Rights and Obligations Responsibilities
responsibility: Observe professional ethics and comply with relevant national laws and regulations Help seekers solve psychological problems Strictly abide by confidentiality principles and explain confidentiality exceptions
right: The right to know personal information related to the psychological problems of the person seeking help Have the right to choose appropriate help seekers In line with the attitude of being responsible to the person seeking help, we have the right to make referrals or terminate the consultation.
obligation: Introduce your training background to the person seeking help, and present relevant documents such as business license and professional qualifications. Comply with the relevant regulations of the consulting agency Comply with and implement all aspects of the agreed consultation plan Respect the person seeking help, abide by the appointment time, and inform the person asking for help in advance if there are any special circumstances.
Frequency and time arrangement of consultations: 1-2 times a week is appropriate; each consultation should last about 60 minutes It can also be flexibly adjusted according to the special circumstances of the visitor.
Consultation fees: No negotiation is required between the two parties; please explain the consultation fees before the consultation begins.
Other questions and related explanations should be clarified in writing if there are many goals for consultation and the number of consultations is expected to be high.