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MindMap Gallery Introduction to Management (Business Management Chapter 1)
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Introduction to Management (Business Management Chapter 1)
Mind map of Introduction to Management (Chapter 1 of Business Management). Management is the process of coordinating human, material, financial and other resources through planning, organization, control, motivation and leadership in order to better achieve organizational goals.
Edited at 2023-10-20 13:59:41
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Introduction to Management (Business Management Chapter 1)
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- Outline
Introduction to Management
manage
Management is the process of coordinating human, material, financial and other resources through planning, organization, control, motivation and leadership in order to better achieve organizational goals.
Including planning, organizing, controlling, motivating and leading (the five basic functions of management)
Utilize the above measures to coordinate human, material, and financial resources
Coordinating human, material and financial resources is to make organizational activities more effective (the fundamental purpose of management activities)
connotation
Management is an activity necessary for any organization of collective labor
The objects of management are various resources owned by the organization
Management serves organizational goals and is a conscious and purposeful behavioral process.
The management process consists of a series of interrelated and continuous activities, which can be roughly divided into planning, organization, leadership, and control
The effectiveness of management lies in making full use of various resources to correctly achieve organizational goals with the least consumption
The main body of management is the manager
management
meaning
Management is a discipline that studies the basic laws and general methods of management activities and their applications.
Features
Comprehensive
scientific
artistry
permeability
Research methods
Induction
Test method
deduction
manager
Organizations and managers
Managers are the main body of management, they work in the organization
An organization is a systematic arrangement of people who complete a specific mission, or an entity composed of people with a clear purpose and systematic structure
Made up of people
Have a clear purpose expressed as a goal or set of goals
There is a systematic structure that regulates and restricts the behavior of members
operators and managers
operator
A person who directly performs a job or task and does not have the responsibility to supervise the work of others
manager
A person who directs the activities of others
Classification of managers
Managers are people responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling human resources, funds, materials, and information intelligence.
Divided from organizational levels and upper-lower organizational relationships
High-level, middle-level, grassroots
Divided from the professional fields of various parts of management
Marketing managers, financial managers, human resources managers, other professional managers, etc.
basic functions of management
plan
organize
lead
control
coordination
The nature of management - duality
natural properties
Management must deal with the relationship between man and nature and organize productivity reasonably, which is also called the productivity attribute of management.
It is determined by the level of development of productive forces and the degree of socialization of human activities. It exists objectively and has nothing to do with production methods and social systems.
social attributes
Management must deal with the relationship between people and must be affected and restricted by certain production relations, political systems and ideologies. It is also called the production relations attribute of management.
As the social environment changes, the social attributes of management also change
The emergence of the managerial class separated the ownership and management rights of the means of production
The middle class owns stocks and participates in management
State intervention in the economy and the emergence of state monopoly capitalism
The public and consumers have increasing influence and power over enterprises
Ancient Management Practices and Management Thoughts
China
The Art of War
Tian Ji horse racing
Zero-sum games in game theory
foreign
pyramid
Machiavelli's Four Principles of Management
Mass approval
cohesion
leadership methods
will to live
Modern management thought and management theory
The emergence of early Western management thought
Adam Smith’s “Economic Man Theory”
The value created by labor is the source of workers’ wages and profits. The lower the wages, the higher the profits; the higher the wages, the lower the profits.
Economic phenomena are based on the activities of people with egoistic purposes. People pursue personal interests in economic activities, and this self-interest is restricted by the interests of others.
Division of labor is the result of people's pursuit of maximum economic benefits
Robert Owen's People-Centered Management Thoughts
We should pay attention to human factors in factory production, shorten workers' working hours, increase wages, and improve workers' living conditions.
Charles Babbage's profit distribution management ideas
Advocates the establishment of a "profit distribution" system, whereby workers can receive a portion of the factory's profits based on the work they undertake and the contribution they make in production.
Advocate for the implementation of a useful suggestion system to encourage workers to make suggestions for improving production
Scientific management thought and theory
Taylor's scientific management theory
main content
Scientific utilization of working hours and standardization of labor methods
Select workers and train them according to standard methods
Implement a differentiated piece rate wage system
organizational reform
Separation of planning and execution functions
Implement the functional foreman system
It advocates that all management issues should and can be studied and solved using scientific methods, implement standardization in all aspects, elevate personal experience to theory, and do not rely solely on experience
Improving work efficiency, the starting point of management, and a tool for bourgeois exploitation
Fayol's management process theory
Operation is different from management
Business has a broader meaning
Fourteen Management Principles
Flexible, not static
elements of management
Management functions are most important
Plan, organize, lead, control, coordinate
Max Weber's theory of administrative organization
A clear division of labor
level system
Appointment of personnel
professional managers
Follow rules and disciplines
relationships among people in an organization
career orientation
Modern management thought and management theory
Behavioral science school and its theories
interpersonal theory
Hawthorne experiment
The main points of the interpersonal relationship theory
Workers are "social beings", members of a complex social system, not economic beings
Managers should pay attention to coordinating interpersonal relationships. In addition to formal organizations, enterprises also have informal organizations, which are an important factor affecting productivity.
Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow)
People are born with five levels of needs
Physiological needs
security needs
social needs
respect needs
self-actualization needs
The five needs are arranged from low to high, and the development of needs progresses step by step. Satisfying lower-level needs will produce higher-level needs
What is unsatisfied is motivating
High-level needs and dominant needs have more important motivational significance
Two-factor theory (motivation-hygiene theory)
health factors
Refers to factors related to people's dissatisfaction
Motivating factors
A type of factors that contribute to people's job satisfaction
Hygiene factors can only eliminate dissatisfaction, while only motivating factors can make employees feel satisfied.
In the management process, we must first pay attention to health factors, and even more attention should be paid to making the incentive factors truly play their due role.
Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X
hypothesis
Most people are born lazy and irresponsible
Most people work for the satisfaction of material interests, business owners seek maximum profits, and employees pursue the highest wages.
Personal goals conflict with organizational goals
management style
Management must have strict systems
Management power is highly concentrated in the hands of a few managers
Monetary incentives, severe punishments
Theory Y
hypothesis
automaton or self-actualizing person
People are born to be diligent and have the desire to use their talents, and they feel the greatest satisfaction when they realize it
In the process of pursuing self-realization, people will show initiative, self-control, and creativity
management style
Create a suitable working environment and conditions to allow employees to develop their potential and achieve self-realization satisfaction
Promote target management and independent management. The management system should be flexible, give employees autonomy, and give full play to people's independent creative talents.
Promote intrinsic motivation and emphasize the motivating effect of work itself on workers' enthusiasm
Modern management schools and their theories
social systems school
Organization is a social collaboration system
There are three basic conditions for the existence of an organization
Clear goals, willingness to collaborate, exchange of ideas
Proposed the principles of organizational effectiveness and organizational efficiency
The authority of managers comes from the approval of subordinates
Managers are the interconnected center in the information contact system. They must coordinate the collaborative activities of members so that the organization can operate normally to achieve its goals.
systems management school
The enterprise management system consists of six basic elements: people, finance, material, technology, time, and information. They form an integrated system under certain goals.
Enterprise management system is an open socio-technical system composed of many subsystems
4 subsystems
Run the system
Control System
support system
Information system
3 levels
Operational level (basic management)
Coordination level (middle management)
Strategic level (top management)
Applying a systems perspective to examine the basic functions of management can improve the overall effectiveness of the organization
decision management school
Management is decision-making
Replace the traditional "optimal standard" with "satisfactory standard"
Decision-making is a complex process, not a snap decision
Decision-making can be divided into programmed decision-making and non-programmed decision-making
experience management school
Three basic tasks of management
Achieve economic results (profit)
Make work productive and empower workers to achieve something
Undertake corporate responsibilities to society
Promote management by objectives
Management by objectives is a management function and management system for managers and employees to exercise self-control at work and achieve work goals.
Pay high attention to top management issues
management science school
To serve management decision-making, use mathematical models to increase the scientific nature of decision-making.
Various feasible solutions are evaluated based on economic effects.
extensive use of electronic computers
contingency management school
In enterprise management, we must adapt to the internal and external conditions of the enterprise. There is no "best" management theory and method that is immutable and universally applicable.
Contingency is mainly reflected in planning, organization, leadership methods, etc.
Plans should be flexible
The organizational structure must be flexible
Leadership style should be adaptable
Fundamentals of Management
Humanistic principles
People-centered
View
Employees are the main body of the enterprise
Employee participation is the key to effective management
The most perfect development of human nature is the core of modern management
Serving people is the fundamental purpose of management
regularity principle
systematic principle
controlling principle
elasticity principle
Since randomness and contingency exist objectively, we cannot look at problems statically and mechanically.
Due to randomness and the characteristics of the management field, management systems, including enterprise management, must have a certain degree of flexibility.
The way to make management flexible is to discover patterns in a large number of statistics, find directions from a high-level scope, prepare for emergencies from potential problems, and give the management system greater flexibility.
motivation principle
material power
spiritual power
information power
benefit principle
management ethics
meaning
Also known as ethics, it refers to the sum of various behavioral rules and norms that organizations consciously abide by in the management process.
management ethics
utilitarian ethics
The ethics of power supremacy
ethics of fairness
Comprehensive Social Contract Morality
Factors affecting management ethics
stages of personal moral development
Personal characteristics
personal style
ego strength
control center
Structure variables
group Culture
problem intensity
Ways to improve employees’ moral quality
Select employees with high moral qualities
Establish ethical guidelines and decision-making rules
Top managers set an ethical example
Set work goals
Provide moral education to employees
Comprehensive evaluation of performance
Establish formal protection mechanisms
Conduct an independent social audit
social responsibility
The meaning of social responsibility
While companies create profits and bear legal responsibilities to shareholders, they also bear responsibilities to employees, consumers and other stakeholders, as well as to communities and the environment.
Corporate Social Responsibility Performance
Responsibility for the environment
Responsibility to employees
Responsibility to shareholders
Responsibility to customers
Responsibility to suppliers
Liability to Competitors
Responsibility to the community in which we operate
Greening management
Awareness of the close links that exist between organizational decisions and activities and the organization's impact on the natural environment
Ways to go green
legal approach
market approach
stakeholder approach
activist approach
Green Management Action Assessment
The meaning of business management
A general term for activities in which an enterprise's managers or management agencies make decisions, plans, organize, lead and control the enterprise's business activities in order to achieve the enterprise's business objectives and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.