facilitated diffusion

simple diffusion

membrane pore filtration

Exit and enter the cell

Features

Small molecule, high fat solubility, non-ionic drug, low plasma protein binding rate, easy to transport across membranes, cross blood-brain barrier, placental barrier, breast milk

concept

Way

significance

Influencing factors

distributed

Influencing factors

metabolism

metabolic site

process

Metabolic outcome

drug metabolizing enzymes

Characteristics of liver drug enzymes

concept

excretory organs

Process and influencing factors

digestive tract

Refers to the highest concentration value Cmax of the drug in the plasma after extravascular administration and the time it appears Tmax. The peak time is an indicator of the speed of drug absorption.

incubation period

Duration

residual period

A theoretical or calculated representation of the volume of body fluid occupied by a drug

L or L/Kg

Vc=D (total amount of drug in the body mg)/C0 (plasma drug concentration mg/l)

Can predict the distribution of drugs in the body

Can convert blood drug concentration and drug dosage

Drug excretion rate can be inferred

The total amount of drug in the body for a period of time after a single dose is reflected, which is an indicator of the degree of drug absorption.

The greater the dose, the greater the amount of drug in the body, and the greater the AUC, which reflects the degree of drug absorption.

The relative amount and rate of drug that can be absorbed into the systemic circulation after extravascular administration

F=A (amount of drug absorbed)/D (amount of drug administered) x100%

The fraction of drugs eliminated per unit time

The larger the k, the greater the body’s elimination rate of the drug.

The time required for blood drug concentration to decrease by half

t1/2 decreases and the elimination rate increases

How much can the collective decrease in solvent plasma drug clearance per unit time

Reflect liver and kidney function

Linear elimination, constant ratio elimination

The elimination rate (the amount of drug eliminated per unit time) is proportional to the amount of drug at that time. After stopping the drug, the drug will be basically eliminated after 5 half-lives.

Constant half-life=0.693/k

More is the way most drugs are eliminated at therapeutic doses

The drug elimination rate becomes slower and slower, the blood drug concentration increases, and the elimination rate increases

Nonlinear elimination, constant elimination

The elimination rate has nothing to do with blood drug concentration and is a fixed value.

no fixed value

Rarely, there are only a few drugs, or when the body's elimination ability is low, or the dosage exceeds the body's maximum elimination ability.

Subtopic 1

Subtopic 1

The larger the dose, the higher the plateau value and vice versa = the steady-state concentration level increases, but the time to reach the steady-state concentration remains unchanged.

The smaller the dosing interval, the smaller the fluctuation, and vice versa == reduced fluctuation

Same as above = the fluctuation amplitude of the time-volume curve increases and changes in a pulse-like manner

The first dose is twice the usual dose

However, the blood drug concentration quickly reaches the plateau value