MindMap Gallery Observation methods of preschool children’s behavior
Methods of observing the behavior of preschool children, such as the method described in the diary method, are an observation method that records continuous changes, new developments, or new behaviors. (Long-term follow-up observation of the observation object is required, that is, longitudinal recording).
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Observation methods of preschool children’s behavior
described method
diary method
Meaning: An observation method that records continuous changes, new developments, or new behaviors. (Long-term follow-up observation of the observation object is required, that is, longitudinal recording)
Main points
The age of the subject under observation, time of observation, location, and environment
Record the child's development, changes and new behaviors
When observing and recording children’s actions, pay attention to details
Record children’s actions and corresponding expressions
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Detailedness - fully record children's true behavior
Breadth - both the situation when the behavior occurred and subsequent behavior
Permanence - recorded materials are kept for a long time
Individuality--commonly used in case studies
shortcoming
The research objects lack representativeness, and observations are prone to subjective tendencies.
Observed cases are limited
susceptible to bias
Long-term continuous recording is time-consuming and labor-intensive
The diary method is one of the earliest methods used to study child development.
anecdotal recording
Meaning: Observers use narrative language to record at any time the children's behaviors and reactions that they are interested in and consider as valuable and meaningful, as well as behavioral events that can express the personality of preschool children. For use in analyzing children's behavior. (There must be a theme, interest, and conversation)
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Easy and flexible operation
informative
have a certain breadth
Easy to read and analyze
shortcoming
Interfering with normal teacher-child interaction
Recalling records afterwards can easily lead to discrepancies between recorded content and facts.
Judgment is susceptible to personal subjective bias
Observing and recording children’s behavior samples are not highly representative
use
Document the incident as quickly as possible
The information recorded must be objective, accurate and complete
Complete content with its beginning, course of events and ending
Use the correct vocabulary and text to record as much as possible
Main points
It is narrative in form, recorded in the form of written description.
The observer is interested in a particular range of development of the child and therefore Only events related to this range are logged
Rather than documenting a specific range of development, specific children
It is an open observation method
Does not pay attention to a single child or group and is not limited to new behaviors
detailed recording method
Meaning: The observer continuously records all the behaviors and actions of the observed object as much as possible within a period of time (such as an hour or half a day, or even longer).
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Easy and flexible operation
The content is informative, permanent and has a certain breadth
Unlimited number of observers
Evaluations that are beneficial to the kindergarten curriculum
shortcoming
The requirements for observer ability are relatively high
Time and effort
Using equipment to assist observation will increase the cost of inspection
Difficulty in processing data
use
Observation records should be detailed and comprehensive, and observers should record behaviors in a descriptive way
Use a video camera or audio recorder when observing
Generally, the maximum continuous recording time is about one hour.
It is a completely objective record. Do not add your own subjective opinions and evaluations.
Main points
Not only is the record of the behavior very detailed, but also the background situation and place when the behavior occurred, as well as the order in which the behavior occurred.
Recorded entirely in a descriptive manner
Inferences are not made during observations
sample description method
Meaning: Sample description is a detailed, continuous description of sequential behavior and the situation at that time. Observers must observe and record what they see according to some predetermined criteria The conditions under which all events and actions occur. (Set standards, cause and effect. This method is used very often.)
Advantages and Disadvantages: Very similar to the live detailed recording method
Main points
Need to have records with more precise details
There must be predetermined criteria
Observers cannot interact with activities
use
Can be used in conjunction with methods such as event sampling
to record in detail
Sampling method
time sampling method
Meaning: An observation method that uses a certain time interval as a sampling standard to observe and record whether a predetermined behavior occurs and the number of occurrences. (Time interval: regular interval, random interval)
Applicable time
same category of behavior
occur more frequently
use
Preparation Phase
Determine the target behavior to observe
Provide relevant operational definitions
Select observation object
Set observation time: observation time interval, time interval, number of observations, and duration of observation
Create an observation scale
Observation process
Observe carefully (strictly follow the prescribed time)
objective record
Recording methods and data presentation
Check
count
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
economical
Interobserver reliability is improved by reducing observer variability in judgments and inferences
Ability to combine different recording techniques (symbolic record sheets and descriptive record sheets can be used simultaneously)
Convenient statistics and analysis of personal or group information
shortcoming
Limit research on overt behaviors and events that occur frequently
Only suitable for observing explicit behavior
Unable to get behavior details
event sampling
Meaning: A research method that uses the occurrence of a selected behavior or event as a sampling standard to record the ins and outs of the event, including detailed information such as the causes and consequences of the event. (Include background, cause, content, what to do and say, ending, and impact.)
Applicable time
Want to get the frequency or intensity of a specific event or behavior?
Exploring antisocial behavior in young children
Main features
Easily understand events and their context
Useful for digging deeper and exploring a certain event or behavior
With the advance filling plan, data information can be easily focused
use
Identify the specific event or behavior to be observed
Provide relevant operational definitions and understand the general characteristics of the behavior to be studied
behavioral category
behavior category
behavioral definition
Choose observation situation
Select recording method
Observe and record
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
save time
A more detailed description of the circumstances in which behaviors and events occur, change, and end
Practical and can be used to study various behaviors and events
Can study the relationship between behavior and environment
The immediacy of symbolic recording and the completeness of written recording
shortcoming
Lack of quality stability
Continuity of terminal behavior
Inability to maintain behavioral integrity
Easily ignore other information
Inconvenient to classify and draw conclusions
Assessment method
behavioral review
Meaning: Also known as the checklist method and the check form method, a series of behavioral items are arranged in advance based on the purpose of observation, situational characteristics, and observer characteristics, and two options for whether these items appear are marked for the observer to Observe the children’s behavior one by one after making judgments on the spot.
Applicable time
Able to clearly understand or define the target behavior
To understand how a behavior occurs in a specific situation
Main features
A behavioral checklist must be designed in advance
Observer selectivity is high
Behavior requires little inference
Use closed-ended answers
use
Determine the purpose of observation and list important items
Define and list target behaviors
Organize target behaviors logically
Develop and complete recording forms
Actual Observation and Recording
Analyze, record and interpret results
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
easy to use
It is easy to operate, can be synthesized, compared, and quantified, saving the inspector's energy and time.
Can be used in different situations
Facilitate collection of information that observers wish to obtain
Can be used to diagnose various aspects of children's physical and mental development
Can be used to measure the effects of educational interventions
It has a wide range of applications and can be used in combination with other observation methods
shortcoming
Lack of detailed plot and background information
Observation reliability is questioned
rating scale
Meaning: Use a rating scale to quantify the observed behavioral events and use the quantity to judge the difference in degree of the behavioral events. The rater will mark the appropriate number or corresponding point on the scale according to the actual situation.
Main features
Describe the extent of the target behavior in more detail
Clear indicators of competencies or skills
type
numeric rating scale
graphic scale
standardized scale
Accumulated point quantity bags
forced choice scale
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
More convenient to design and use
Facilitates statistical analysis
The scope of application is relatively wide
Congruence between personal perception and reality can be checked, i.e. children are rated first and then actual observations are made
Can be used to compare individual differences
shortcoming
The requirements for structuring are relatively high
Some data may be missed if not used with other methods
It is easy to have subjective bias when evaluating
use
formulate
The descriptive sentences should be as simple and clear as possible, and try to use short and easy-to-understand sentences.
Make sure the wording and prompts are consistent with the item being assessed
Use precise and clear expressions
use
Clarify the applicable scope of the rating scale
Try to avoid the observer’s own subjective errors