Developmental counseling (normal and healthy): adapting to a new environment, choosing a career, etc. Requires individuals to reach a better state and understand and develop their potential

Healthy psychological consultation (psychologically normal but unhealthy): When a mentally normal person has emotional problems such as anxiety, tension, fear, etc. due to various stimuli, or behavioral problems due to frustration. General psychological problems, serious psychological problems

Individual Counseling: A one-to-one counseling relationship Group counseling: providing psychological help and guidance to seekers in a group setting

Short-term psychological consultation: Complete consultation in a relatively short period of time (within 1-3 weeks) [short-term → cognitive, behavioral] Mid-range psychological consultation: Complete the consultation within 1-3 months [medium-range → humanistic] Long-term psychological counseling: complete the consultation for more than 3 months [long-term → fine]

Outpatient psychological counseling: the most important and most effective Telephone Counseling: Crisis Intervention Internet psychological counseling: future directions

Human behavior results from inherited instincts and biological drives and attempts to resolve conflicts between personal needs and social requirements

The main purpose of the behavior is to reduce tension

make subconscious conscious

Support weak ego functions

Bring development back to life

Psychoanalytic techniques aim to increase an individual's awareness and help them understand their behavior and the meaning behind their symptoms

Commonly used techniques

Traditional behaviorism: focuses on and studies observable, measurable explicit behaviors

New behaviorism: pays attention to both explicit behavior and implicit behavior, including people’s thoughts, attitudes, habits, etc.

Cognitive behaviorism: focuses on people’s implicit behaviors

Life demonstration: refer to the on-site demonstration and allow visitors to observe the appropriate behavior of the demonstrator in real life

Symbolic demonstration: movies, TV or videos, books, games, etc. that record the appropriate behavior of the demonstrator or the visitor himself for the visitor to watch to relieve anxiety or consolidate good behavior

Role-playing: The counselor and the client play out one or a series of situations in life to help the client learn skills in interacting with others.

Participate in modeling: The counselor models good behavior for the client, and then guides and encourages the client to express the same behavior.

Implicit modeling: imaginary imitation, allowing the client to model unobservable behaviors. The counselor can use the counselor's description to allow the client to imagine the behavior to be imitated.

Cognitive therapy focuses on clients' non-functional cognitive problems

Cognitive behavioral counseling (CBT for short) has two basic assumptions

Clients are their own best experts and they have solutions to their own problems

The counselor's task is not to change the client, but to strive to inspire the client's self-direction ability

The theory of Gestalt therapy has three main sources: psychoanalytic theory, existential-humanism and Gestalt psychology

The goal of Gestalt therapy is to promote individual growth and maturity, to help clients enhance awareness and contact capabilities, to understand the environment, self-understanding, and self-acceptance through awareness, and to achieve personality integration.

Theoretical points

Main concepts: view of human nature; this moment (the present); unfinished events (unexpressed emotions of the parties); escape; contact; energy

The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is to achieve a state of awareness and gain more choices and shoulder more responsibilities through awareness.

The Empty Chair Technique: It is one of the ways of introjection and external expression of the client.

Definition: It refers to a psychological counseling (treatment) method that uses hypnosis to make the scope of consciousness of the patient extremely narrow, and uses suggestive language to eliminate pathological psychological and physical disorders. Purpose: Solve emotional and behavioral problems

Hypnosis methods and treatment steps: communication, guidance, deepening, suggestion, awakening

6 rules to follow when creating positive cues: Positive and positive tone; Simple sentences; Believable; Measurable; Use present tense; Compensable

Reactions under hypnosis

Advantages: fast curative effect, short treatment course

Disadvantages: Not all clients can successfully receive hypnotherapy; the effects are often not very stable, so care must be taken when using them