(1) The sun warms the earth

(2) The earth warms the atmosphere

(3) The atmosphere returns to the earth

(1) Solar radiation

(2) Ground radiation

(3) Atmospheric reverse radiation

Solar shortwave radiation is the most important and fundamental heat source of the near-surface atmosphere.

Ground long-wave radiation is the main and direct heat source of the near-surface atmosphere.

(1) The weakening effect of the atmosphere

(2) The thermal insulation effect of the atmosphere

(1) Energy source: solar radiation

(2) Fundamental reason: heat difference caused by uneven latitudinal distribution of solar radiation

(3) Classification: horizontal movement (wind) and vertical movement (rising and sinking)

(4) Meaning: transport heat and moisture, causing weather changes

(1) Uneven coldness and heat on the ground (conditions/reasons for the occurrence of thermodynamic circulation) cause vertical movement of the atmosphere. When the air expands, it is heated and rises, and when the air cools, it shrinks and sinks (thermal factors)

(2) Lead to differences in air pressure on the same horizontal plane, forming high and low pressures

(3) The difference in air pressure on the same horizontal plane causes the horizontal movement of the atmosphere (high pressure flows to low pressure) (dynamic factors)

(4) The combination of vertical air flow and horizontal air flow forms a thermodynamic circulation

(1) The air pressure values ​​on the same isobaric surface are equal

(2) In the same vertical direction, the higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure.

(3) At the same level, the convex surface of the isobaric surface represents high pressure, while the concave surface represents low pressure.

(4) The air pressure near the ground is opposite to that at high altitude

(1) Sea and land breeze