MindMap Gallery Chapter 3 Developmental Psychology Section 3 Psychological Development in Early Childhood
Psychological counselor exam preparation materials - Chapter 3 Developmental Psychology Section 3 Psychological development in early childhood, games are the dominant activities of children in early childhood. Thank you for your support, please pay more attention~
Edited at 2023-10-14 10:02:23This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 3 Developmental Psychology Section 3 Psychological development in early childhood
Unit 1 Early Childhood Games
Play is the dominant activity in early childhood
Young children’s play dominates their cognitive and social development
Demonstrate creative ability
Children's various learning is mostly carried out through game activities
Games are the best way to educate young children
Understanding and explaining the game
Classical game theory: focuses on explaining the reasons and purposes of games from the perspective of the relationship between games and humans. Such as excess energy theory and re-enactment theory
Excess energy → No need to support the family and no productive labor
Reenactment theory → repeating ancestors’ activities, climbing trees, fishing, and playing in the sand
modern game theory
Psychoanalytic school: games and children’s personality and emotional development, regulating emotions, releasing anxiety, and compensating wishes
Games → compensate for desires, regulate emotions, and release anxiety
Cognitive school: the relationship between games and children’s individual cognitive development, practicing and consolidating various acquired abilities
Acquire various abilities (thinking ability, etc.) through games
game development
Infancy: functional play
Repeat simple movements and activities → jump and shout
Early childhood: symbolic play (characteristics of early childhood play, also known as pretend play)
Playing house, riding horses and fighting
Elementary school/childhood: rules-based games
The rules of the game are explicit and the game characters are implicit → throwing sandbags and beating drums to pass flowers
Games in childhood and beyond
The competitive decision-making mechanism of the game
The social development of games
non-social play
Play alone
spectator game
Parallel game
There is an intention to participate; everyone plays their own game and there is no communication.
social games
collaborative games
respective goals
cooperative games
a goal
Games can promote children’s psychological development
Unit 2 Cognitive development in early childhood
Development of memory in young children
Characteristics of young children’s memory development
Unconscious memory is the main one, and conscious memory develops rapidly.
Parents talk
Image memory is the main focus, word memory gradually develops
specific things, vivid descriptions
Mechanical memory and meaning memory develop simultaneously and interact with each other
Memory strategies (difficult to use by children before 5 years old, main memory strategies that can be used by young children in later years)
Visual “retelling” strategies. Focus repeatedly on a target stimulus
Rehearsal strategies. Repeat verbally what is to be remembered over and over again
Feature location strategy. Capture salient, typical features as the "gist" of remembering things (e.g., a rabbit's long ears)
Tip: Look more and talk more to find the characteristics
The main characteristics of young children’s thinking (two major characteristics): concrete image thinking (logical thinking begins to sprout)
Characteristics of concrete and figurative thinking
Cognitive development trends in young children
[Piaget] The phenomenon of egocentricity
Have certain planning and foresight
Unit 3 Speech Development in Early Childhood
Early childhood is a critical period for children to master oral language development
3 years old is about 1000, 6 years old is 3000, 7 years old is about 4000
Strategies for understanding sentences: semantic strategies, word order strategies, non-verbal strategies
From dialogue to monologue, from situational language to coherent language → Before the age of 3, it was dialogue and situational language.
Children’s development performance of mastering pragmatic skills
early communication gestures
listening pragmatic skills
speaking pragmatic skills
Mantra: hands, mouth, ears
Unit 4 Personality and Social Development in Early Childhood
initial formation of personality
The development of self-emotional experience
The development of children's identity in early childhood
Children's imitation of adults' personal qualities is called "identification"
Children usually identify with people who have high status, authority, strong abilities, smart, strong or beautiful people.
Factors affecting children's self-esteem: parenting styles, peer relationship factors
The first rebellious period of children's development: The first rebellious period is characterized by children's demands for autonomy in behavioral activities and the realization of self-will, and resistance to parental control.
Their age is mainly 3~4 years old