Smoking: It is generally estimated that the risk of laryngeal cancer in smokers is 3 to 39 times that of non-smokers.

Drinking alcohol: The risk of developing throat cancer is 1.5 to 4.4 times higher than that of non-drinkers.

Air pollution. Long-term inhalation of pollutant dust or waste gas can cause cancer.

Viral infection: Adult papilloma is a viral tumor caused by human papilloma virus. It is currently considered to be a precancerous lesion of laryngeal cancer.

precancerous lesions

Radiation Long-term exposure to radioactive isotopes such as radium, uranium, and radon can cause malignant tumors

Trace element deficiency. The lack of certain trace elements in the body can cause changes in the structure and function of enzymes, affect cell division and proliferation, and lead to gene mutations.

Supraglottic type: originates in the area above the vocal cords, accounts for 30%, is poorly differentiated, easy to metastasize, and has a poor prognosis

Glottic type: Cancer is limited to the vocal cords, with more cases in the front and middle 1/3 of the vocal cords, accounting for 60%. It is well differentiated, has less metastasis, and has a better prognosis.

Subglottic type: cancer at the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage below the vocal cord and above, accounting for 6%, and prone to lymph node metastasis

Paraglottic type: also called transglottic cancer, refers to cancer tumors that originate in the laryngeal chamber and develop vertically along the glottis. This type is rare and its main feature is extensive invasion of the paraglottic space.

Health history: Have a habit of smoking and drinking, and may have a history of chronic laryngitis, laryngeal leukoplakia, severe vocal cord dysplasia, or laryngeal papilloma.

physical assessment

Auxiliary inspection

psychological and social assessment

Processing principles

Care before special treatment

Radiation therapy care

Total laryngectomy care

Partial laryngectomy care

Neck dissection postoperative care