Normal adult intracranial pressure is 70-200

50-100 for children

intracranial pressure↑

Intracranial pressure↓

Intracranial space-occupying lesions compress the intracranial space

Increased brain tissue size

Cerebrospinal fluid circulation/absorption disorder

Cerebral blood flow hyperperfusion/obstructed venous return

congenital malformation

★Cranial midline space-occupying lesions are prone to obstruction → obstructive hydrocephalus → prominent symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

benign intracranial hypertension

age

Consequences of increased intracranial pressure

prone to early intracranial hypertension

Narrowing of the cranial cavity or enlargement of the brain parenchyma

Localized expansion lesions in the brain

Intracranial hematoma/hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

Intracranial tumors/inflammation

slow growing benign tumors

Headache

Vomit

papilledema

Tentorial hiatus

foramen magnum

falx cerebri

Compression of the oculomotor nerve

Space-occupying lesions of the temporal lobe → herniation of the temporal sulcus

Compression of medulla oblongata

Cerebellar hemisphere space-occupying lesions → cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

Pupil changes

Movement disorders

altered consciousness

Disturbed vital signs

★Coma, dilated pupils on one side, hemiplegia on the opposite side

Can die suddenly

★Headache, Neck Stiffness, Irregular Breathing/Sudden Arrest

★Variable pupil size on both sides