MindMap Gallery High School Biology-Humoral Regulation of the Human Body
High school biology knowledge is essential, including the endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate life activities, Hormones maintain homeostasis through negative feedback regulation and graded regulation.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
body fluid regulation
The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate life activities
The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate life activities
islet
Alpha cells: glucagon: raises blood sugar
Beta cells: lower blood sugar
Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine: accelerate heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, blood sugar, and promote fat oxidation and decomposition
Hypothalamus (body temperature, water and salt balance, sugar center)
Antidiuretic hormone ADH: Promotes water reabsorption by renal tubules and collecting ducts
Various stimulating hormones (thyroid, adrenal cortex, gonads) release hormones or inhibitory hormones: regulate pituitary secretory activity
pituitary
Growth hormone: promotes growth
Prolactin: Promotes breast development and lactation
Various stimulating hormones: Promote secretory activities of thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads At the same time, it promotes the proliferation of corresponding lineage cells
thyroid
Thyroid hormone: promotes growth, development and metabolism, affects central nervous system development and excitement
Gonads (promote the development of reproductive organs, position secondary sexual characteristics)
testis
androgens
ovary
Estrogen
progesterone
Adrenal cortex: regulates water, inorganic salt and sugar metabolism
Thymus
Thymus hormone: promotes the growth and maturation of T lymphocytes
Hormone regulation has the characteristics of specificity and high efficiency
It has no metabolite energy itself and transmits information to target organs and target cells (depending on whether there are specific receptors)
1*10^-9mol/L epinephrine can cause liver glycogen to decompose into 3*10^-3mol/L glucose.
Components such as CO2 in body fluids are also involved in body fluid regulation
Excessive CO2 concentration causes an increase in human respiratory rate and respiratory depth.
Low CO2 concentration causes respiratory depression and is life-threatening
NO, H produced by human cell metabolism and special chemicals produced and released into body fluids by physiological activities can act on target cells.
Hormones maintain homeostasis through negative feedback regulation and graded regulation
Negative feedback regulation: The results of hormone regulation are in turn used as information to regulate the secretion of the hormone.
Hierarchical regulation: hypothalamus - pituitary gland - (thyroid, adrenal cortex, gonads)
Neuromodulation and humoral regulation work together to maintain homeostasis
Nerves and humors work together to regulate body temperature balance
Nerves and body fluids work together to regulate water and salt balance
Decreased plasma osmolality
decreased urine output
Renal tubules and collecting ducts reabsorb water
Hypothalamus secretes and releases ADH via pituitary gland
Actively drink water to replenish hydration
Thirsty
Thirst center (cerebral cortex)
hypothalamic osmoreceptor
Increased plasma osmolality
Not drinking enough water, losing too much water, or eating too salty food
hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
thermoreceptor
hot
efferent nerve
vasodilation
Increased blood volume
Increased sweat gland secretion
arrector pili muscle relaxation
thyroid
Thyroxine
pituitary
efferent nerve
vasoconstriction
Decreased sweat gland secretion
arrector pili muscle contraction
skeletal muscle tremors
Adrenal medulla: secretes epinephrine
hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
cold receptor
cold
Hormone graded regulation
Innervated by hypothalamic efferent nerves