The cuff width is 12~14cm (for children, the upper arm length is 2/3)

Too narrow, too loose, too high

Too wide, too tight, too low

Deflates too quickly, too low

Pressure difference at different parts

zero point

If the left and right sides are inconsistent, the operation should be performed on the side with higher pressure.

Find the cause in time when the waveform decays

Heart and great vascular surgery

Large hemodynamic fluctuations

heavy bleeding

Various types of shock, severe hypertension, critically ill patients

Intraoperative hemodilution and controlled blood pressure lowering

Arterial blood needs to be drawn repeatedly for blood gas analysis

thrombus

ischemia

hemorrhage hematoma

peripheral nerve damage

fistula

Infect

Aneurysm

Arterial pressure (ABP): the lateral pressure of blood in an artery on the blood vessel wall per unit area

Systolic blood pressure (SBP): aortic pressure that reaches its highest value during mid-systole

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP): aortic pressure reaching its lowest value at the end of diastole

Pulse pressure (PP)=SBP-DBP

Mean arterial pressure (MAP): the average value of ABP at each moment in a cardiac cycle, = DBP 1/3PP

Influencing factors

internal jugular vein

subclavian vein

external jugular vein

femoral vein

Critically ill patients with severe trauma, various types of shock, and acute circulatory failure

Long-term infusion or complete parenteral nutrition therapy

Various major surgeries or operations can cause significant changes in hemodynamics

Requires rapid blood transfusion and fluid replenishment

Transvenous pacemaker or floating catheter placement

Peripheral veins are difficult to establish

When blood samples are collected repeatedly through a vein

Catheter location

standard zero point

intrathoracic pressure

Pressure measurement system patency

cardiac tamponade

Hemopneumothorax

air embolism

hematoma

Infect

Cardiac Function

venous return volume

blood volume vascular tone

venous tone

intrapleural pressure

Cardiogenic left heart failure: PAP↑2, PCWP↑

Pulmonary pulmonary hypertension: PAP and PCWP are normal or ↓