MindMap Gallery Computer System Overview
This is a mind map about an overview of computer systems, including the development history of computers, The composition of computer systems, Computer performance evaluation, etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Computer System Overview
Computer development history
The first stage, 1946-1958. electron tube
The second stage, 1958-1964. transistor
The third stage, 1964-1971. Small and medium scale integrated circuits
The fourth stage, 1971-present. Large and very large scale integrated circuits
computer system components
Hardware system
Host
main memory
Central processing unit (CPU)
operator
controller
external device
input device
output device
Software system
application
Some programs compiled by users to solve certain application problems
system software
operating system
language processor
service program
database management system
computer network software
computer performance evaluation
performance definition
Clock period T
The smallest time element in the CPU, each action requires at least one clock cycle
Average number of clock cycles CPI
The number of clock cycles it takes to execute each instruction
Number of clock cycles m
Total number of instructions IC
Frequency f
CPU time
Refers to the time the CPU actually spends on the program
MIPS
Millions of instructions per second
CPU time
=m*T=m/f=CPI*IC*T=(CPI*IC)/f
MIPS
=f/CPI=IPC*f