MindMap Gallery Gramineae
This article has compiled the basic points of grass plants. The reference material is the second edition of Botany edited by Qiang Sheng. The introduction is detailed and I hope it can be helpful to everyone.
Edited at 2024-01-17 22:39:04This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Gramineae
Fruit (caryopse)
Peel (tightly connected to the seed coat)
seed
Seed coat (tightly connected to the pericarp)
endosperm
Nutrients of seeds
embryo
germ
young leaves
germ growth point
Epicotyl
coleoptile node
coleoptile
mesocotyl
Scutum Festival
Scutellum (inner cotyledon)
hypocotyl
radicle
radicle sheath
*Ectodermal leaves (ectocotyledons)
Two sources of speculation
Sub-headings
plant kingdom
Angiosperms
Monocotyledonae
Analysophytes
Gramineae
Lower level classification
Poaceae
Triticum
Hordeum
Oryza
Castanea
Sugarcane
Teosinth
Oats
belongs to
Lolium
Bamboo subfamily
Bamboo
typical plants
Wheat, rice, corn, barley, etc.
root
root structure
epidermis
cortex
outer cortex
cortical parenchyma cells
endothelium
Horseshoe shaped thickening
channel cells
center column
pericycle
primary phloem
primary xylem
marrow
Wheat exception
Characteristics of roots
No cambium is produced, no secondary growth and secondary structures
stem
Stem Characteristics
Monocotyledonous plants - generally have no cambium layer and therefore no secondary growth and secondary structures
There are obvious nodes and internodes, most of the internodes are hollow, and a few are solid.
thicken
primary thickening growth
abnormal secondary growth
tangential splitting
Peripheral wood vascular bundle
stem structure
epidermis
long cell
cell wall keratinization
short cells
silicon cells
The silicate content is related to stem strength and resistance to pests and diseases.
plug cells
stomatal apparatus
guard cells
Dumbbell shape
parasite cells
diamond
mechanical organization
Located inside the epidermis, several layers of posterior wall cells
Often arranged in a wavy shape into continuous rings
or separated by assimilation organizations
basic organization
medullary cavity
Schizophrenia airway
vascular bundle
vascular bundle sheath
primary xylem
primary phloem
leaf
special single leaf
blade
epidermis
epidermal cells
long cell
Longitudinal arrangement/siliceous and suberous papillae
short cells
silicon cells
Resistant to lodging/resistant to pests and diseases
plug cells
One long cell and two different short cells arranged alternately
stomatal apparatus
2 guard cells
Long and narrow dumbbell shape
Both ends are enlarged and the wall is thin
The cell wall is particularly thickened in the middle
2 accessory cells
Rhombus
chloroplast
Regulate substance and water metabolism of guard cells
Alveolar cells (motor cells)
Each group of bubble cells is fan-shaped, with large cells in the center and small cells on both sides.
When excessive water loss occurs, the leaves will wilt and curl into a tube shape.
mesophyll
Isofacial leaves
Spongy tissue and palisade tissue differentiation
Cell morphology
Irregular dumbbell shape
bumps and grooves
Place "King" or "M, N, H" horizontally
"Peak, valley, waist, ring"
Morphological meaning
Expand the area of the cytoplasmic membrane
It is conducive to more chloroplasts being arranged at the edge of the cell, which facilitates the absorption of CO2 and light energy for photosynthesis.
vein
Limited external tough vascular bundle
C4 plants
"garland" structure
vascular bundle sheath
Single layer of thin-walled cells, larger cells, neatly arranged, containing chloroplasts
The chloroplasts are larger than the mesophyll cells, the thylakoids are well developed, and only a small amount of grana are formed.
Outer layer of mesophyll cells
C3 plants
2 layers of bundle sheath cells
The outer cell wall is thin and larger, and contains fewer chloroplasts than the mesophyll cells.
The inner cell wall is thick, small, and contains no chloroplasts
Junction
ligule
leaf ear
leaf pillow
leaf sheath
epidermis
outer skin
few pores
inner epidermis
1 long cell and 2 short cells arranged alternately, no alveolar cells
basic organization
parenchyma cells
Young leaf sheaths contain chloroplasts
vascular bundle
Evenly distributed, 1 layer, arranged in a ring, with mechanical tissue inside and outside
Protective function
A large number of natural vegetation areas distributed in my country
Songliao Plain, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Loess Plateau grassland areas