MindMap Gallery solubility
This is a mind map about solubility, including gas solubility, Solubility, saturated and unsaturated solutions, crystallization, etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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solubility
Saturated and unsaturated solutions
concept
Saturated solution: At a certain temperature, a certain solute is added to a certain amount of solvent. When the solute cannot continue to dissolve, it is a saturated solution.
Unsaturated solution: A solution that can continue to dissolve the solute by adding a certain solvent to a certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature is an unsaturated solution.
Judgment method: Add a little solute to the solution and observe whether it dissolves
mutual transformation
saturated solution
unsaturated solution
most
test judgment
Add a small amount of material and stir Can dissolve, indicating that the solution is not saturated Insoluble, indicating that the solution is saturated
crystallization
definition
Temperature decreases - solubility decreases - solute precipitates in the form of crystals
method
saturated solution
solubility
definition
At a certain temperature, the mass of solute that reaches saturation in 100g of solvent
four elements
condition
at a certain temperature
standard
in 100g solvent
state
saturation
unit
gram
relational expression
Mass of solute/mass of solvent=solubility/100g
Mass of solute/mass of solvent Mass of solute = mass of solute/mass of saturated solution = solubility/100g solubility
Solubility/g (20℃)
Insoluble
<0.01
Slightly soluble
0.01∽1
Soluble
1∽10
Soluble
>10
Influencing factors
Internal factors
Solute and solvent properties
external factors
temperature
solubility curve
advantage
Accurately represents the specific solubility value of a substance at a certain temperature
Change rules
steep rise type
Solubility increases with temperature
Slow rising type
Solubility changes very little with temperature
Descending
Solubility decreases with increasing temperature
significance
point
Points of a single curve
Solubility of a substance at corresponding temperature
intersection point of two curves
The solubilities of two substances at corresponding temperatures are equal
Wire
Represents the solubility of a substance at different temperatures
Indicates the tendency of the solubility of a substance to change with temperature
noodle
point under curve
A solution is an unsaturated solution of a substance at the corresponding temperature
point on curve
Indicates that the solution is saturated and contains undissolved solids
application
a. Find out the behavior of a substance at different temperatures
b. Compare the solubility of different substances at the same temperature
c. Determine whether the solution is saturated
d. According to the changing trend of the curve, design a plan to convert saturated solution and unsaturated solution into each other by changing the temperature.
e. Select the crystallization method according to the changing trend of the curve
f. According to the changing trend of the curve, design the solution and separation of the mixture
gas solubility
definition
The pressure of the gas is 101kPa and a certain temperature. The volume of gas when a volume of water is dissolved and reaches saturation.
Influencing factors
internal
The properties of the solute and solvent themselves
external
temperature
The higher the temperature, the lower the solubility of the gas.
pressure
When the temperature remains constant, the greater the pressure, the greater the solubility of the gas.
crystallization
saturated solution
unsaturated solution