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Principles of Marxism (2023 Edition)
Principles of Marxism (2023 edition) is here! Principles of Marxism mainly include the materiality of the world and its development laws, the relationship between practice and knowledge and its laws, the development of human society and its laws, etc. Hope it helps everyone!
Edited at 2024-01-15 14:15:10
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Principles of Marxism (2023 Edition)
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
Principles of Marxism (2023 Edition)
introduction
what is marxism
Marxist meaning
components of marxism
Marxist Philosophy
Marxist Political Economy
Scientific Socialism
The Creation and Development of Marxism
Founded
socioeconomic roots
class basis
The proletariat gradually moves from spontaneity to consciousness in its struggle with the bourgeoisie
Origin of thought
direct theoretical source
German classical philosophy
British classical political economy
British and French Utopian Socialism
Natural science premise
cell theory
Energy transformation and conservation law
Darwin's theory of biological evolution
Other sources of thought
develop
Sinicization of Marxism and modernization
Basic characteristics of Marxism (unity of scientific nature and revolutionary nature)
scientific
revolutionary
people's character
Practicality
developmental
The contemporary value of Marxism
Cognitive tools for observing changes in the contemporary world
An action guide to guide the development of contemporary China
Scientific truths that lead the progress of human society
Consciously study and apply Marxism
Chapter 1 The Materiality and Development Laws of the World
dialectical materialism
Diversity and physical unity of the world
Matter and how it exists
material categories of philosophy
The evolution of materialism’s understanding of matter
meaning of matter
The theoretical significance of Marxist material categories
the way matter exists
Sports concept
time and space view
Double changes in the material world
Matter, motion, time, and space have inherent unity, We are required to think of problems and do things in specific time, place and conditions files for transfer
The dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness
Matter determines consciousness
Consciousness is the product of the long-term development of nature and the product of social and historical development.
Consciousness is the function and attribute of a special substance like the human brain
Consciousness has an active reaction on matter
Consciousness is purposeful and planned
Consciousness is creative
Consciousness has the role of guiding practice to transform the objective world
Consciousness has the function of regulating human behavior and physiological activities
Dialectical unity of subjective initiative and objective regularity
Respecting objective laws is the prerequisite for correctly exerting subjective initiative
Only by giving full play to subjective initiative can we correctly understand and utilize the laws
Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence
What is artificial intelligence
Can artificial intelligence surpass human intelligence?
Human consciousness is the unity of knowing and knowing
Sociality is the inherent essential attribute of human consciousness
Natural language is the material shell of thinking and the realistic form of consciousness
Artificial intelligence cannot access the content of human consciousness that cannot be reduced to digital signals
material unity of the world
principle of material unity of the world
Nature is material
Human society is essentially a material system based on production practices
Human consciousness is unified with matter
The significance of the principle of material unity of the world
materialist dialectics
Universal connections, changes and development of things
contact point of view
contact meaning
Characteristics of contact
objectivity
universality
Diversity
conditionality
developmental perspective
meaning
substance
The birth of new things and the death of old things
Why new things are invincible
In terms of the relationship between new things and the environment
In terms of the relationship between new things and old things
in the field of social history
The law of unity of opposites (the fundamental law of the development of things)
Why is the law of unity of opposites the essence and core of materialist dialectics?
The identity and struggle of contradictions
The meaning of identity and struggle
The dialectical relationship between identity and struggle
The role of identity and struggle in the development of things
methodology
Grasp the identity in the struggle, grasp the struggle in the identity
Harmony is a special form of contradiction
The universality and particularity of contradictions
The meaning of universality and particularity
The dialectical relationship between contradictory universality and particularity
main contradiction and secondary contradiction
main and secondary aspects of conflict
Adhere to the unity of contradiction between universality and particularity, commonality and individuality in concrete history Adhere to the unity of "two points theory" and "key point theory"
The law of quantitative change and qualitative change (revealing the changing and developing state of things)
The stipulations of three aspects of things
quality
quantity
Degree (master the principle of moderation)
meaning
Quantitative change
qualitative change
The dialectical relationship between quantitative and qualitative changes
Quantitative change is the necessary preparation for qualitative change
Qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change
Qualitative change and quantitative change are interpenetrated
The methodological significance of the law of quantitative change and qualitative change
The law of negation (revealing the process and trend of changes and development of things)
The connotation of negation
The negative view of materialist dialectics
Basic links of connection and development (five pairs of categories)
content and form
Essence and Phenomenon
Causes and consequences
Necessity and chance
reality and possibility
Materialist dialectics is the fundamental method to understand and transform the world
The essential characteristics and cognitive functions of materialist dialectics
Materialist dialectics is revolutionary and critical in nature
Materialist dialectics is the unity of objective dialectics and subjective dialectics
Materialist dialectics is a scientific method of understanding
Learn materialist dialectics and continuously enhance thinking ability
Dialectical thinking ability
historical thinking ability
Systematic thinking ability
strategic thinking ability
bottom line thinking ability
Innovative thinking ability
Chapter 2 Practice and understanding and its development rules
Practice and understanding
Scientific view of practice
Founded
Marx "Theses on Feuerbach"
significance
Overcame the shortcomings of old materialism and became dialectical materialism The creation of righteousness laid the foundation of scientific theory
Laying the foundation for the establishment of active and revolutionary theory of reflection scientific theoretical basis
It laid a scientific theoretical foundation for the creation of historical materialism.
It provides basic ideas for people to actively understand the world and transform the world. Thinking and working methods
the nature of practice
practical meaning
basic characteristics of practice
objective reality
conscious agency
social historicity
basic structure of practice
Practical subject
practical object
Practical intermediary
form of practice
Material production practice (most basic)
sociopolitical practice
Scientific and cultural practice
virtual practice
The decisive role of practice in understanding
Practice is the source of knowledge
Practice is the driving force for cognitive development
Practice is understanding
Practice is the only criterion for testing the truth of knowledge
materialist dialectical epistemology
the nature of knowledge
Materialism and idealism’s different answers to the nature of knowledge
Materialism: things-feelings-thoughts
Idealism: thoughts-feelings-things
Old materialism’s answer to the nature of knowledge
Dialectical materialism’s scientific answer to the nature of knowledge
Salient features
Introducing the practical perspective into epistemology
Apply dialectics to the theory of reflection to examine the development process of epistemology
the nature of knowledge
process of understanding
From practice to understanding (the first leap)
perceptual knowledge
meaning
feature
rational understanding
meaning
specific
direct
feature
Abstract
indirectly
The relationship between perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge
Rational knowledge depends on perceptual knowledge
Perceptual knowledge needs to be deepened and developed into rational knowledge
Perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge interpenetrate and include each other
From awareness to practice (the second leap)
necessity and importance
The ultimate goal of understanding the world is to transform the world
The truth of knowledge can only be tested and developed in practice
The dialectical movement and laws of practice and knowledge
Practice, understand, practice again, understand again (understand the general laws of movement)
truth and value (Two major scales of human activities)
attributes of truth
Objectivity (essential attribute)
meaning of truth
The meaning of truth objectivity
Truth is the unity of unity in content and diversity in form
Absoluteness
The absolute meaning of truth
relativity
The relative meaning of truth
The dialectical relationship between the absoluteness and relativity of truth
Marxism, as objective truth, is the unity of absoluteness and relativity
truth and falsehood
meaning of fallacy
The relationship between truth and error
test of truth
Practice is the only criterion for testing truth
reason
nature of truth
Characteristics of practice
Certainty and Uncertainty of Practice Standards
Dialectical unity of truth and value
meaning of value
basic properties of value
subjectivity
objectivity
multidimensionality
social historicity
Value evaluation and its characteristics
Values and core values
Dialectical unity of truth and value in practice
Understand the world and transform the world (The ultimate goal of understanding the world is to transform the world)
The fundamental purpose of understanding is to transform the world
Understanding the world and transforming the world and their dialectical relationship
Transforming the objective world and transforming the subjective world and their dialectical relationship
The process of understanding the world and transforming the objective world is a process from necessity to freedom.
Everything is based on reality and seeks truth from facts
Proceeding from reality in everything is the fundamental requirement of Marxist epistemology
Seeking truth from facts is the core of the ideological line of the Communist Party of China
Adhere to integrity and innovation, and achieve positive interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation
Adhere to integrity and innovation
Strive to achieve a positive interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation
Chapter 3 Human Society and its Development Laws
The existence and development of human society
Basic issues of social development
The relationship between social existence and social consciousness
Two fundamentally opposing views of history
social existence
meaning
Components
natural geographical environment
population factors
material production methods
Social awareness
meaning
Classification
According to different subjects
according to different levels
social psychology
forms of social consciousness
ideology
non-ideological
The dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness
Social existence determines social consciousness
Social consciousness has an active reaction on social existence
The importance of the principle of dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness
basic laws of social development
Basic social contradictions and their laws of movement
The contradictory movement and laws of productive forces and production relations
The meaning of productivity
The status and importance of productivity
basic elements of productivity
Labor information
labor object
laborer
The meaning of production relations
elements of production relations
Ownership of means of production
Relationships between people in production
product distribution relationship
Classification of factors of production (according to the nature of ownership of means of production)
The dialectical relationship between productivity and production relations
Productivity determines production relations
Production relations react on productivity
The contradictory movement and laws of economic base and superstructure
The meaning of economic base
meaning of superstructure
Classification of superstructure
conceptual superstructure
political superstructure (dominance)
The dialectical unified relationship between economic base and superstructure
Upper decision decided by the economic background
The superstructure reacts on the economic base
Laws of replacement of social forms
Universal human interaction and the formation and development of world history
Communication and its functions
The meaning of communication
The role of communication
The formation and development of world history
world history meaning
The basis for the formation and development of world history
Basic characteristics of world history
Social progress and social form change
Social progress and human development
The connotation of social form
Identity and Diversity in the Change of Social Forms
The inevitability and selectivity of social form replacement
Civilizations and their diversity
Civilization and its evolution
diversity of civilizations
The driving force of social and historical development
The role of basic social contradictions in historical development
The basic contradictions of society are the fundamental driving force of historical development
The meaning of basic contradictions in society
The role of basic social contradictions in historical development
Basic social contradictions and principal social contradictions
The meaning and status of the principal contradiction in society
The role of class struggle and social revolution in social development
Class struggle is the direct driving force for the development of class society
meaning of class
The meaning of class struggle
The role of class struggle
The role of revolution in social development in class society
The meaning and essence of revolution
The role of revolution in social and historical development
Marxist class analysis method is a scientific method for understanding class society
The role of reform in social development
The meaning of reform
The role of reform
Solve basic social contradictions
Promote productivity development
Promote social progress
The role of science and technology in social development
The scientific and technological revolution is a powerful lever to promote economic and social development
lifestyle
production methods
way of thinking
Correctly grasp the social role of science and technology
The role of culture in social development
Thought guidance
spiritual power
Gather strength
The role of the people in historical development
The people are the creators of history
The opposition between two historical views on the issue of historical creators
heroic view of history
historical materialism
The decisive role of the people in the process of creating history
Creator of social material wealth
Creator of social spiritual wealth
The decisive force of social change
The mass line of the proletarian party
The role of the individual in social history
The historical role of outstanding figures
Dialectically understand and evaluate the historical role of individuals
historical analysis method
class analysis method
The relationship between the masses, classes, political parties and leaders
The masses are divided into classes
Classes are usually led by political parties
Political parties are run by leaders
The masses, classes, political parties, and leaders are intertwined
Chapter 7 The noble ideal of communism and its ultimate realization
Looking to the future of a new communist society
meaning of communism
Methodological principles for foreseeing future society
Point out the direction of social development based on the general laws of development of human society
Elucidate the characteristics of the new world in the future while analyzing the old world of capitalism
Continuously deepen our understanding of the future communist society in the development of socialism
It is based on revealing the general characteristics of future society without giving specific descriptions of various details.
Basic characteristics of communist society
Material wealth is extremely abundant, and consumption materials are distributed according to needs.
Social relations are highly harmonious and people’s spiritual realm has been greatly improved.
Achieve free and comprehensive development for everyone
Realizing communism is an inevitable trend of historical development
The inevitable development of history when realizing communism
Realizing communism is a long-term historical process
The lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics
Adhere to the dialectical unity of lofty ideals and common ideals
Strengthen ideals and beliefs and devote ourselves to the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era
Chapter 6 The Development and Laws of Socialism
Five hundred years of historical process of socialism
Socialism from Utopia to Science
utopian socialism
Time backgroud
three stages of development
Early utopian socialism in the 16th and 17th centuries
Utopian egalitarian socialism in the 18th century
Criticism of utopian socialism in the early 19th century
evaluate
historical progress
historical limitations
Historical Value
Scientific Socialism
Background
socioeconomic roots
class basis
Origin of thought
generate flag
Socialism from ideal to reality
The First International and the Paris Commune
The October Revolution and the Establishment of the First Socialist State
Socialism from one country to many countries
The practice of socialism in the Soviet Union
Socialism developed into many countries
Socialism is full of vitality in China
basic principles of socialism
content
Correctly grasp the basic principles of scientific socialism
Principles of Scientific Socialism and Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
Explore the development laws of socialism in practice
long term
Diversity
Pioneering
Chapter 5 The development and trends of capitalism
The formation and development of monopoly capital
Capitalism from free competition to monopoly
Concentration of production in the formation of monopolies
Characteristics of monopolistic competition
Financial Capital and Financial Oligarchs
Monopoly profits and monopoly prices
The development of monopoly capitalism
The formation and role of state monopoly capitalism
Development of financial monopoly capital
The expansion of monopoly capital to the world
The essence of monopoly capitalism
Economic globalization and its impact
Performance of economic globalization
The causes of economic globalization
The impact of economic globalization
Correctly understand the new changes in contemporary capitalism
The changes and essence of capitalism after World War II
Main manifestations of changes
Reasons and substance of changes
New Characteristics of Contemporary Capitalism Changes
The contradictions and conflicts of capitalism under the great changes in the world
The historical status and development trend of capitalism
The historical status of capitalism
The historical inevitability of the replacement of capitalism by socialism
Chapter 4 The Essence and Laws of Capitalism
Commodity Economics and the Law of Value
The formation and development of commodity economy
Historical conditions for the emergence of commodity economy
The meaning of commodity economy
Two historical conditions
There is a social division of labor
The means of production and the products of labor belong to different owners
The two factors of the commodity and the dual nature of the labor that produces them
Two factors of goods
value
meaning
Use value
meaning
unity of opposites
Oppositeness: mutually exclusive, cannot have both
Unity: as a commodity, it must have both value and use value
The duality of labor
concrete labor
abstract labor
unity of opposites
Determination of commodity value
socially necessary labor time
The development of value forms and the emergence of money
development of value forms
The creation of money
functions of money
value scale
means of circulation
means of payment
storage means
world currency
The law of value and its effects
Main content and objective requirements
Manifestations
The role of the law of value in market allocation of resources
positive
negative
The basic contradictions of a commodity economy based on private ownership
The contradiction between private labor and social labor
Why is the contradiction between private labor and social labor the basic contradiction?
Deeply understand the contemporary value of Marx’s labor theory of value
theoretical and practical implications
Deepen the understanding of Marx's labor theory of value under contemporary conditions
capitalist economic system
The emergence of the capitalist economic system
The evolution and replacement of pre-capitalist social forms
The emergence of capitalist production relations
primitive accumulation of capital
meaning
way
The establishment of capitalist ownership
Labor power becomes a commodity and money is transformed into capital
The basic condition for labor power to become a commodity
legally a free man
Have to rely on selling labor force to make a living
Characteristics of Labor Commodity and the Transformation of Money into Capital
Labor force as a commodity is the unity of value and use value
measure of value
Outstanding features of use value
Producing surplus value is the absolute law of the capitalist mode of production
The production process of surplus value and the role of the different parts of capital in the production process of surplus value
The capitalist production process has a dual nature
labor process
Basic elements
Features
value creation process
According to the role played by capital in surplus value
constant capital
variable capital
rate of surplus value
rate of surplus value =surplus labor/necessary labor = Surplus labor time/Necessary labor time
Two basic methods of surplus value production
absolute surplus value production
relative surplus value production
Capital Accumulation
meaning
Nature
source
result
The circulation of capital in reproduction
capital circulation
social reproduction
Distribution of wages and surplus value
The nature of capitalist wages
The significance of the theory of surplus value
Basic contradictions of capitalism and economic crisis
basic contradiction
financial crisis
root cause
concrete embodiment
cycle
capitalist superstructure
Capitalist political system and its essence
Functions and Essence of the Capitalist State
internally
foreign
Capitalist democratic system and its essence
democratic system
the nature of democratic system
Capitalist Ideology and Its Essence
The formation of capitalist ideology
The nature of capitalist ideology