the process of turning water from liquid into vapor

the change of the physical state of water vapor from gas phase into liquid phase

a form of water that falls to the Earth's surface

the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves

which influence the runoff and evaporatin

water density

chemical reaction rates

organism growth rates

dissolved oxygen

because of its influecneon the organisms living in the water bodies

comes from the oygen absorbtio and dissolutio form the atmosphere or by plant photosynthesis

elements

DO steadily declines during the night and are the lowest before dawn,when photosynthesis resumes

more oxygen dissolves into water when wind stirs the water

DO is necessary for aquatic organisms

Indicates the health of an aquatic system.

Decrease in DO levels is usually an indication of an influx of organic pollutant.

determines the soubility of some nutrients and heavy metals and the availability of these chemicals for use by aquatic life

most plants and animals are sensitive to pH variations

pH is one of the primary indicators used for evaluation of surface-water quality

most natural changes occur due to interactions with surrounding rock and other materials

pH can flutuate with precipitation and wastewater changes

carbon dioxide concentrations can influence pH levels

resistance to pH changes

water with high akalinity always has good buffering capacity

carbonate

bicarbonate

hydroxide compounds

waters passing over limestone

waters passing over granites

iron and manganese may also contribute to the hardness of water ,but are generally present in much lower concentrations

geography

mining

industrial discharge

sewage outflow

can leave a film on hair ,fabrics and flassware

cam for scale in heat exchange equipment ……

hardness mitigating metals toxicity

phytoplankton

sediments from erosion

resuspended sediment from the bottom

waste discharge

algae growth

floods

reduce light penetration

decrease organism resistance to disease

livestock manure/urine

failing spic systems

synthetic fertilizers or pesticides

decomposition of the organic matter

excessive nutrient loads stimulate plant growth

marine pollution comes from direct discharge of

marine pollution is a subset of surface water pollution

makiing groundwater suscpetible to contamination from surface sources

sewage discharge

sewage leak

fertilizers and pesticids utilization

industrial leak

landfill leachate

intusion of sea water

refers to contaminats that enter a waterway from a single ,identifiable source

refers to diffuse contamination that originate from large area rather than a sigle point

this type of pollution is often scattered in large areas

inadequately treated sanitation systems or sewage discharge

poorly managed livestock operations

natural disasters

depleting water dissolved oxygen

lead

arsenic

mercury

surface runoff

industrial effluents

household cleaners

oil

plastics

pesticides

cleaning solvents ad detergents

industrial effluents

household cleaners

surface runoff from farms

treat huma health by causing nervous system damage and sone cancers

harmful for fish and wildlife

N

P

fertilizer

detergent

feedlots

sewage discharge

eutrophication

…

land erosion

debris flow

flood

reducing photosynthetic activity

disrupt the health of aquatic organisms

carries pesticides,bacteria and other harmful substances

nuclear power plants

mining and processing of uranium and other ores

nuclear weapon production

genetic mutations

birth defects

certain cancer

the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers

can kill fish and reduce species biodiversity

microorganisms metabolize organic matter in the wastewater in biological treatment processes

aerobic processes

anaerobic processes

chlorine ,an oxidizing chemical ,is commonly used to kill bacteria and prevent the bacteria from reproducing in water