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Minimalist Learning Method Brain Map
After reading this book carefully, readers extract the key parts of the book and analyze and summarize the key contents themselves. It will definitely be helpful to you who are studying, or you who are short of time and confused. Please read it and cherish it!
Edited at 2023-11-19 19:34:45
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Minimalist Learning Method Brain Map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
"Minimalist Learning Method"
first part: The concept and three major advantages of minimalist learning method
Section 1: Minimalist closed loop
Input digestion output, learn everything in three steps
Input: Enter the knowledge you want to learn
Digestion: Understanding and understanding what you want to learn
Output: Put the learned knowledge and skills to use
Section 2: Pursuit of precision
Think backwards, use what to learn and what not to do useless work
It is required not to do blind, random and unclear purpose learning, and it is required that every action of learning can directly lead to the realization of results.
Before learning, what are the specific goals of your learning?
Can all the content you study directly help you achieve your learning goals?
Section 3: Get to the essence
Learn from the fundamentals and learn everything
input from essence
Choose the most essential things to learn
Such as: basic principles, basic concepts, original formulas, methodology, main principles, etc.
Digest from the root
The understanding process explores the essence. You can’t just understand superficially. Only by understanding from the root can you truly understand.
Multiple output
Know everything from one thing to another, draw inferences from one instance
the second part: Accurate input: Use the right posture to learn accurately
Section 1: Learning Accurately: Thinking Backwards and Learning Knowledge That Directly Determines Results
Backward thinking is goal-oriented. When thinking backwards about your own behavior, you need to first consider clearly what your goal is, and then proceed step by step from the final goal to derive the roadmap to achieve the goal. These roadmaps to achieve are what you need to do. matter.
Push forward from the results to discover the crux of the problem, and then conduct special studies on this part of the problem. Study wherever you can improve your scores.
Begin with the end in mind and go straight to the results. This is the underlying guarantee for efficient learning.
methodology
change consciousness
You must study with a truly effective purpose
If the learning effect is not good, it is likely that there is a fundamental problem, that is, learning is aimless.
set goals
Determine the implementation process and formulate achievable goals
Difficult things are usually complex and abstract. If you can break down difficult things into small tasks, it will be much simpler. No matter how major the project is, it must ultimately be implemented into every operable task. , which is also the core of backward thinking.
Goal setting tool "SMART rule"
S: specific
Goals are clear and specific, not vague and general
M: measurable
Data can be used to measure whether goals are achieved
A: Achievable
Just a hop and a jump away
R: Relevant
The goal should be relevant to other goals or the overall goal within the organization. If it does not drive other goals, then the goal will not be meaningful.
T: time-limited
Add a time limit to all goals to avoid delays
Scientific execution
Keep your eyes on the goal and refuse excuses, remember!
In the process of learning, there are too many factors that interfere with achieving your goals, so you must keep an eye on your goals at all times.
Always remember what your goal is? This is the most important principle for achieving your goals.
Only by keeping an eye on the goal can you focus all your energy on learning itself.
Section 2: Choose the right one: The best learning materials are those that suit you
You know what you want to learn, but who to study with, what classes to take, what books to use, and how to choose are actually very important, and they even directly determine the effectiveness and efficiency of your learning.
Exam-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
Minimalist learning method: learn whatever you test, don’t do useless work!
The syllabus is the criterion for everything
You can’t see the questions, but how did they come out? What questions can appear on the test paper? Obviously it is not given casually, it is based on the requirements of the exam syllabus.
The scope of the exam, knowledge points, and the degree of examination of each knowledge point are clarified. Whether it requires memorization or application is stipulated.
For exam-based learning, studying the exam syllabus is a top priority
For a knowledge point, the exam syllabus requires memorization and memorization. It requires application. It requires not only learning but also application of problem-solving methods. It requires comprehensive application. It requires training on combining different knowledge points with problem-solving methods.
Textbooks are the best learning materials
Official textbooks are the best learning materials, and the exam syllabus is compiled based on the textbooks.
The biggest mistake is to throw away the teaching materials, look for various tutoring materials, find difficult problems to solve, and ignore the basics.
How to thoroughly understand the teaching materials?
Thorough: understand thoroughly, know why
This is the first habit
Realizing: Oh, so that’s what happened, is true understanding.
You can derive formulas by yourself, and you can understand the logic behind the theorems.
Complete: Leave no doubts, return the pellets to the warehouse
None of the knowledge points, examples, and annotations in the textbook are invalid, and you must understand them all.
String: form a system and string together knowledge
Read the catalog and find contacts
Write down the specific knowledge of each part and form your own system
Make a mind map
More: Repeat, again and again
Classics are worth reading over and over, and you will have a different feeling every time
The textbooks are classics. If you don’t make mistakes, just read the textbooks.
Every time you watch it again, you gain something new
Continuous learning: Consistency is more important than what you choose
Studying materials is not the first priority, learning to the end is the first priority
You don’t need to be too particular about choosing teaching aids, but you should pay more attention to how to continuously learn a teaching aid.
If you must choose, how should you choose?
Look at brands (big brands, old brands, new brands)
Check word-of-mouth reviews (ask in the circle, ask on word-of-mouth forums, etc.)
Try it yourself
Pursue the essence: learn from the roots, metacognition points directly to the foundation
Minimalist learning method: the core principle is "essential thinking"
Behind any complex thing, there are concise rules that can be explained in one sentence or a few sentences. These rules are the essence!
Read the cornerstone works to help you quickly grasp the essence
It is an excellent way to learn and master knowledge in a certain field.
Most of these cornerstone works are books
Such as Mankiw's "Principles of Economics"
"Marketing Management" by Philip Kotler, the godfather of marketing
"The Effective Manager" by management guru Peter Drucker
A paper that pioneered this field
A concept or two about the nature of the field
Such as: Maslow's needs theory
To learn key methodology, “5 hours of theory” is more important than “10,000 hours of theory”
If you want to learn something quickly, it doesn’t have to be complicated. Just learn the key methodology directly.
Every field in the world has the "Rule of 28" key methodology that can help you get 80% of it. In fact, it only takes 20% of the time to learn it.
Learn 100 keywords
Know 100 keywords first
Find 3-5 experts and talk carefully
Find 3-5 monographs and read them carefully
Take one of them as the core, read it carefully, and then compare it with other books to find the similarities. These similarities are the most important things in the industry.
Section 3: Learn well: input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake"
Preview before studying: The key is to grasp the degree
Pre-study preview, mark questions
The purpose of previewing is to prepare for formal study
Point 1: Knowledge is intertwined, and previewing before and after review is more effective
We need to use the knowledge we have already mastered to learn and understand new knowledge, which is also the essence of previewing
Point 2: Don’t become “advanced learning”, just mark the difficult points
Point 3: Overall preview during winter and summer vacations, the key method for academic masters to surpass you
There is a purpose in learning: Grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
Study on your own or with a teacher, learn with questions and understand
Method 1: Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview
Method 2: Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher through the knowledge chain again
Method 3: If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately to find out.
Review after learning: the most easily forgotten step
Review in time to eliminate “false understanding” and prevent forgetting
Don’t do your homework right away, do the questions! The effect is basically not good and it damages confidence.
Forgot
If you pretend to understand, you will follow the teacher's ideas in class and don't need to think for yourself. You will just passively learn. However, if you let yourself think independently, you may not be able to solve the problem. This is "fake understanding".
Before homework, the act of reviewing the day's knowledge is proactive. If you don't understand that you can take the initiative to think about and understand the knowledge points based on the course and teaching materials, then you can write the homework more accurately and faster.
the third part: Deep Digestion: How to Thoroughly Understand Knowledge
Section 1: Mental preparation: either have a blunt sense or be unconditionally confident
With the power of insensitivity, you will complete deep digestion without realizing it.
The power of dullness is the power of dullness, that is, facing the setbacks and pains in life calmly and moving firmly in one's own direction. It is "the means and wisdom to win a better life."
Don't care about the difficulties and blows you encounter on the way to pursue your goals, and you will fight to the end even if you have a bloody head.
People with insensitive abilities will think that their method is wrong and they must find a way to figure it out, so they start looking for various methods, information or teacher's help. There is only one goal, which is to learn everything thoroughly.
Be big-hearted and have a more indifferent attitude. If you don’t understand it, you don’t understand it. Just keep learning.
The same goes for others, just let yourself go, forgive yourself, and just don't give up.
Keep your mind clear of distracting thoughts, focus on your goals, and do not let difficulties and failures in the learning process affect your mood and state.
Unconditional confidence: Get rid of fear and you can learn everything
The attitude of top academics: Face up to the difficulties, attack any subject that doesn’t work, and aim for partial subjects
Attitude of a scumbag: Don’t study any subject that doesn’t work well, avoid taking special subjects, mainly because you are afraid of giving up easily
The only fair thing in this world is "time"
You can learn anything and learn anything without being influenced by fear. Believe this from the bottom of your heart.
If you are busy and can’t learn, or if you still haven’t learned it, you are just pretending.
You don’t need to compare with others, just compare with yourself. As long as you make progress every day, you can be better today than you were yesterday.
As long as you decide to learn, you must learn it. You don’t need to think about whether you can learn it. Believe in yourself unconditionally and start learning directly. As a result, you will learn well in many cases.
Section 2: Accurate self-examination: Please be extremely honest and find loopholes in three ways
To complete deep digestion, the first thing is to find your own problems, the parts that you have not yet digested.
Self-examination is anti-human, you must be extremely honest
Admitting one's mistakes is one of the hardest things for people to do
If you really want your study to be effective, you should do "self-analysis" and learn to self-examine your own problems. When you start to self-examine, you must maintain an extremely candid attitude in order to achieve true self-examination. Self-examination.
Three methods of accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape the loopholes
Self-examination at source: self-assessment using a checklist
Even if the learning is more complex, it can be broken down into different learning details and solved one by one. When self-examination, self-testing these details one by one is the scientific way.
Textbook study: Turn to the table of contents of the textbook and check the table of contents one by one to see if you have mastered the content corresponding to each table of contents.
Study for exams: Self-assess each item based on the syllabus and test points
Result self-check: self-check based on output
Analyze test papers
Identify weak areas
Find weak details
Find out the reason for losing points
Three questions and self-examination
Have I really learned all the knowledge points?
If you pretend to understand, just be obedient and understand before asking the second question.
Can I use this knowledge to solve problems?
There is a big gap between the teacher leading you to think and do it yourself
Practice more, find problem-solving routines for similar types of questions, and sum up your experience to finally solve this type of problem.
If you know how to do many questions but always lose points, go to the third question
What went wrong during my exam?
Carelessness in exams: reviewing questions or drafting
Exam mentality: If you are nervous, adjust your mentality first
Time issues: allocate time reasonably and plan your own order of doing questions
Analyze works
Comparison of excellent works
Others help test
Help others test: Find these two kinds of people
Find a master
Find students (teach them to find problems)
What you think you can’t explain clearly or understand may be your weak link.
What the other party doesn’t understand may be that you haven’t learned how to whiten your skin.
If you don’t understand what you’re saying, and the other person can’t understand, it’s just that you haven’t learned to understand.
Section 3: Really win: if you do these three points, you can thoroughly understand everything
When you know what you have not learned clearly and thoroughly, you should take concrete actions
Critical start: within 72 hours, start where you can
Start where you can, anywhere you can do it, it doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning itself is the most important
Getting rid of inner demons is the key step to truly conquer the difficult learning points. As long as you stop being afraid and take your first step, half of the problem will have been solved.
Act within 72 hours or it may never start
It's easiest to start by applying the known to the unknown
The process of learning is actually to use known knowledge to understand new knowledge, and the new knowledge becomes our known knowledge, and so on.
Ask yourself whether the knowledge you don’t understand is related to the knowledge you already have and whether it can be used.
Overcome difficult points: focus deeply and attack one at a time
Actively explore rather than passively accept
I am very clear about my learning goals. I no longer just follow the teacher’s lead. I will actively explore and find ways to achieve my goals.
Calm down and eliminate all distractions
physical isolation
Separate in time and space from sources of interference
trivial isolation
Either let someone handle it for you, or just ignore it.
Concentrate your efforts to solve one problem at a time
Much better than average effort
Using external forces: Let foreign aid play a real role
When is external help needed?
The learning effect is relatively poor, let alone the learning rhythm.
I studied very hard but never made a breakthrough
Raise your scores suddenly before the exam, and scientifically achieve "cramming"
As long as it is a standard exam, there must be corresponding exam rules. If there are rules, there must be traces to follow, and there are also ways to quickly and scientifically improve scores.
If you want to learn better than ordinary people, you need to increase intensity
Two steps for selecting foreign aid
Clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces
The clearer you force yourself to think about your purpose, the better your learning results will be.
Quickly raise points
Lay a solid foundation
Improve efficiency
Break through bottlenecks
You can achieve multiple things with one stone, but you must prioritize them, achieve them one after another, and give way first.
Choose the right external force scientifically
The best teachers and foreign aid must both "understand teaching" and "understand knowledge"
People who know how to teach generally know knowledge, and teachers are generally more reliable than seniors.
A good external force is not only teaching, but also providing feedback
fourth part: Multiple output: four layers of output to truly use knowledge
Section 1: Expression output, three applications of Feynman learning method
tell others
The subject itself does not understand this knowledge or does not understand it thoroughly
The person you are speaking to should give you feedback
Learn again based on feedback and simplify expressions
tell yourself
Talking to oneself, asking and answering questions
Speak it yourself first, then record and record it and listen to it yourself the next day
Write to yourself
Section 2: Problem solving type output, how to solve the problem for the best effect
Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone
Wrong answer
Just brush what you know how to do
Special puzzles
Effectively answer questions
You must continue to test outside the boundaries of your abilities, improve yourself little by little, and always answer questions that you can "jump up" and can solve after hard work, and force yourself to improve.
Special topic brushing, a once-and-for-all method of brushing up questions
Test-taking perspective: Special topic brushing can ensure that you can win the questions in a certain knowledge section or a certain type of questions
The core method is to focus on solving a certain type or type of questions in a certain knowledge section for a period of time. The process of answering questions requires in-depth summary and research of this type of questions, which is equivalent to thinking about this thing in your head for a period of time, and the effect is more good.
Knowledge and abilities are yours forever the moment you acquire them.
Grasp the golden four steps
Step 1: Review knowledge
Understand the knowledge before answering the questions, instead of starting when you have only half-understood knowledge.
Step 2: Practice the questions for the first time
Some questions cannot be solved or only part of them can be solved. You need to re-consolidate your knowledge and go back to the first step.
Step 3: Summarize the rules
Finding common problem-solving methods and ideas in this type of problem is the master key
If you were not used to searching for problems in the past, you should jump out and summarize them now.
Step 4: Review the questions for the second time
It is necessary to skillfully apply the summarized problem-solving methods, ideas, and rules to ensure that you can quickly solve such problems when encountering them again.
Section 3: Exam output, how to scientifically score points
An interesting triangle relationship in the exam
question maker
Candidate
assessor
Candidates are caught in the middle. If you want to get high scores, you have to take care of both ends.
Having the thinking of a question maker is a prerequisite for getting high scores in exams
What is the question maker’s thinking?
The question maker must strictly follow the standards to write the questions, and there is not much room for personal development.
Based on the textbook exam syllabus
Every question on the exam paper must be testing a certain knowledge point of yours, otherwise it will not appear on the exam paper for no reason.
Put yourself in someone else's shoes and imagine yourself as the person who asked the question. What did you want to test when you asked this question?
How to train the question maker’s thinking
Study real questions: Find patterns from real questions
Develop a habit: Ask yourself more about what knowledge points you want to test in this question
Reference answer learning method: the guarantee of getting high scores in the exam
Why reference answers are so important
If the answers written on the test paper do not meet the taste of the examiner, you will not get a high score.
The standard answer is the answer that best suits the marking teacher’s preferences
Standard answers to past questions
High-quality tutoring materials and reference answers to simulation questions
Learn the three keys and four steps with reference answers
Three keys: answer structure, points, and subject terminology
four steps
Answer: Write the answer yourself first
Look: Compare the differences between the standard answers, especially the "three keys" above
Repair: Modify your own answers based on the standard answers, find three key issues and correct them one by one until they are consistent.
Answer: Answer by yourself until it is consistent with the standard answer. It is recommended to do this step again after one or two days.
Summarize the answer template to secure high scores
Templates can be applied, so you need to summarize some templates for question types
Specialized training based on templates
Section 4: Practical Application, Grasp the "33 Principle"
Learn knowledge points and use them at least 3 times
The first 3 of the Rule of 33 is that after you learn something, you must use it at least 3 times immediately.
The methods and techniques learned can be truly transformed into one’s own abilities and can be truly used
Grasp the essence and draw inferences about other cases from one instance
The second 3 of the 33 rule is to draw inferences from one example
Grasping the essence, you can draw inferences from one instance and apply the core thinking of analogy
Section 5: Practice makes perfect, practice carefully how to do it
"Deliberate Practice" is a summary of the work of the famous American psychologist Anders Ericson.
Three Key Points to Deliberate Practice
Target
Targeted practice
The biggest difference between deliberate practice and ordinary practice is that you are doing it specifically, not just for fun.
breakthrough
Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
Effective practice is a kind of deliberate practice
In the process of deliberate practice, you need to break down your current ultimate goal into small goals, and then step by step break through the boundaries of your abilities, achieve small goals, and finally achieve the final goal.
feedback
Father, like son
Practice without feedback is like a headless fly, making it difficult to improve.
Deliberate practice is to enter the "breakthrough~practice~feedback~improvement~practice" and constantly improve yourself
the fifth part: Best state, three great helpers for minimalist learning
Section 1: Three steps to fall in love with learning and gain endless motivation
Dreams are pushed back to awaken the desire in the heart
If you have a strong desire to realize your dreams, you will work harder on your studies
Dream visualization makes motivation more reliable
The best way is to see and feel it yourself
Psychological research shows that people are more afraid of losing than getting. When you have seen and experienced it, you will have a feeling of "already have it". Because you don't want to lose the sense of ownership, you are more eager to get it. Of course, when you want something, you are more motivated.
Reward yourself, the more you learn, the more motivated you will be
Learning is sometimes very difficult, and you need to be able to endure loneliness. You have to learn to have fun in the midst of hardship, reward yourself for your continuous progress, and learn to applaud yourself, so that you will become more motivated as you learn.
Section 2: Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
The "limitation" of self-discipline determines its unreliability
As long as everyone has self-discipline and unself-discipline,
The essence of self-discipline is self-control, and human self-control is limited.
Habit is a more reliable choice
Learning is a continuous process. To persist to the end, we need to use good "habits"
How can a person stick to something? That is: getting-paying is greater than 0
If we want to persist in learning, we must use all means to make "getting" greater than "paying". This wine requires us to continue to improve "getting" and reduce "paying".
Reduce learning time and use minimalist learning methods to achieve higher results, thereby reducing effort and improving results.
Habits are natural behaviors. You do something without thinking about it.
Developing good habits will reduce the consumption of self-control
When fixed study time becomes a part of life, there is no need for too much mental construction.
The core purpose is to devote all energy to learning itself and reduce the consumption of energy.
It takes a period of training and it will become a habit in 7 days.
Section 3: Get rid of procrastination, just three seconds will do
Accept that “everyone procrastinates”
Stop being anxious and accept procrastination, because the worries, uneasiness, and inner struggles caused by procrastination are a kind of internal friction and extremely energy-consuming.
Calm yourself down and we can join the next step
Let’s start: a small ritual of three seconds
Say 1, 2, 3 to yourself silently or say it out loud. As long as you start, you are no longer procrastinating. As long as you take action, you will be able to continue.
Go ahead: Just do it for 2 minutes first
After studying for two minutes, there is a 99% chance that you will continue studying for an hour or even two hours
No big deal, just stop after working for 2 minutes. It’s no shame to waste two minutes.
A low-level solution to procrastination
Do the hard stuff first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
If you do the easy things first, you will keep avoiding the hard things, and you will keep procrastinating in the process of doing things.
Change the order of things and delay gratification
Delaying gratification means not coveting temporary comfort, resetting the order of happiness and pain in life, first facing problems and feeling pain, and secondly, solving problems and enjoying happiness. This is a simple and easy way of life.