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MindMap Gallery Reading Notes Minimalist Learning Method
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Reading Notes Minimalist Learning Method
Any learning can be divided into three stages. The first is the input of knowledge, which is to input new knowledge first; the second is to digest the input knowledge and understand them all; the third is to use the learned knowledge.
Edited at 2023-11-22 18:46:07
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Reading Notes Minimalist Learning Method
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
Reading Notes | "Minimalist Learning Method"
Chapter 5 The best state
Fall in love with learning in three steps and gain endless motivation
Step 1: Push back on your dreams and awaken your desires
If you want to achieve good learning results, you must let yourself fall in love with learning itself and connect learning with your dreams. In this way, you will have a steady stream of learning motivation and the learning results will naturally be guaranteed.
If you want to have a steady stream of learning motivation, you need to connect learning with your dreams. In other words, if you have a strong desire to achieve your dreams, you will work harder on your studies
Step 2: Visualize dreams to make motivation more reliable
Psychological research shows that people are more afraid of losing than gaining. When you have seen and experienced it yourself, you will have a feeling of "already have it". Because you don't want to lose this sense of ownership, you want it even more. Of course, when you want something, you have more motivation
Step 3: Reward yourself. The more you learn, the more motivated you will be.
In the process of learning, we need to find some such "rewards". You can look for it from the outside. For example, if your grades are good, you will be praised by the teacher; and when you see your grades improving, you will be very happy and love learning even more. Of course, if you can't find it from the outside world, you can also reward yourself. For example, when your grades improve, you reward yourself with a big meal; when you learn a new skill, you buy yourself a favorite piece of clothing or a long-awaited electronic product.
Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
Each of us can achieve self-discipline, but none of us can achieve long-term self-discipline
The "limited nature" of self-discipline determines its unreliability
The essence of self-discipline is actually self-control. Human self-control is limited.
Why do you say that? A person's self-control is like water in a bottle. Different people don't have the same amount of water in the bottle. In other words, people's self-control has individual differences, but no matter what, the water in the bottle is also the same. Even our self-control is limited. If we expend too much self-control on one thing, it is equivalent to pouring out a lot of water in the bottle, and then there will not be much water left in the bottle, which is what is left on another thing. There will be less self-control.
You get the point. Serving as President of the United States is a very complicated and difficult matter. It requires too much of Obama's self-control, which is equivalent to pouring out all the water in Obama's self-control bottle. Therefore, Obama has no self-control to allocate to quit smoking. On.
Habit is a more reliable choice
How can a person stick to something? In fact, it only needs to meet one requirement: getting more than you give. That is: get - pay > 0
If you want to persist in learning, you must use all means to make "getting" greater than "paying". This requires us to continue to increase "get" and reduce "pay".
First look at improving "get".
We can apply the knowledge we learn to different fields by drawing inferences from one example. These are all ways to increase "getting"; we can also use the "falling in love with learning" mentioned earlier, because we will definitely be very satisfied if we do what we love. Being happy also improves "getting". However, there must be an upper limit to what can be gained from learning, so other than that, all we can do is reduce our efforts.
So how to reduce the cost?
One is to reduce learning time. We use the minimalist learning method in this book to spend less time to obtain better learning results, which means reducing effort and increasing gain.
Another is to reduce the self-control consumed in the learning process. How can we reduce the amount of self-control expended? The best way is to "make it a habit". A habit is something that comes naturally, something you do without thinking about it. For example, if you get up to study at 6 o'clock every morning, it must be very painful for you at the beginning. It is really difficult to get up so early. You need to do some mental construction under the covers and cheer yourself up after getting up. When you do these things, you are consuming your self-control. But when you insist on getting up at 6 o'clock every day for a week, you will find that it is not so painful. Later, you may not feel the pain anymore, but you can feel the refreshing feeling of getting up at 6 o'clock in the morning to study. I feel satisfied when I learn new knowledge every day
Therefore, cultivating good habits will reduce the consumption of self-control. In the process of learning, what we have to do is to develop our learning process into a habit.
You can start from the following three aspects:
Fixed study time: Try to fix your study time, start studying at this time, and make it a part of your life
Fixed learning methods: During the learning process, you should also try to develop habits
Fixed study place: If you want to study for a long time, it is best to fix your study place. When the time comes, go directly to the fixed place. This is also a good habit.
Get rid of procrastination, it only takes three seconds
1. Accept that “everyone procrastinates”
Stop worrying and accept procrastination
When you want to do something but can't help but procrastinate, do you feel very irritable, restless, and anxious? You want to start taking action, but you just can't. You are entangled and struggling internally. . If you are stuck in this situation, the first thing you have to do is: stop worrying and accept procrastination.
2. Let’s start: a small three-second ceremony
Now, say 1, 2, and 3 silently to yourself, or you can say it out loud. After that, you start your study immediately and do what you should do. This is a three-second ritual for yourself. Don’t underestimate this small ritual, it is the most important start to help you get rid of procrastination. Because as long as you start, everything has the potential to improve.
3. Keep doing it: just do it for two minutes first
"Since we've already started, let's do it for two minutes first!"
"It doesn't matter whether it can learn anything or whether it can do something. It doesn't matter. Just do it for two minutes first. Even if I can't do it, I can still do it after two minutes."
"Even if two minutes do not produce any results, it is a waste of two minutes. Compared with 24 hours a day and decades of life, this is really nothing to regret."
"No big deal, just stop after two minutes, so what can I do?"
After you start having sex, if your body feels rejection or you feel conflicted in your heart, then try saying the above words to yourself. I believe you can do it for two minutes.
Of course, the two minutes is an imaginary reference, it could be three minutes, or five minutes. This time is the time you can allow yourself to persist in doing one thing.
4. Do the hard things first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
When we have to complete multiple tasks within a period of time, if we choose to do the simple thing first, it is likely to cause us to form a new form of procrastination, that is, procrastination in which we are tired of dealing with difficult tasks in the process of doing things. .
Based on a seven-hour work day, one hour of pain plus six hours of happiness is obviously more cost-effective than one hour of happiness plus six hours of pain.
To get rid of this kind of procrastination, all you have to do is: change the order of doing things and delay gratification
Delaying gratification means not coveting temporary comfort and resetting the order of happiness and pain in life: first, face problems and feel pain; second, solve problems and enjoy happiness. This is the simple and easy way to live.
Low-level procrastination can be solved by following the method of "accept, start working in three seconds, and work for two minutes"; while for high-level procrastination, that is, procrastination in the process, you only need to change your study and the order of doing things can be easily solved
Chapter 4 Multiple Output
There are four common ways to output knowledge, which also correspond to four levels. The higher the level, the higher the requirements.
The first level is expressive output, that is, speaking out the knowledge learned and telling it to others. This is a very good learning method. It is the original "Feynman Learning Method" created by Nobel Prize winner in physics Richard Feynman. In this part, we will explain to you three ways to use the Feynman learning method.
The second level is problem-solving output, that is, using the learned knowledge to solve the problem. Using knowledge to solve problems, during the practice process, is usually what we call "question solving". In this part, I will explain to you how to solve the questions with the best effect.
The third level is exam output. Many of our studies may correspond to exams. So how to answer questions scientifically in the exam to get high scores? Therefore, "teaching you science to get high scores" will be the key content of this part
The fourth level is to use knowledge to do things, that is, to use the knowledge learned to solve problems in the real world and to truly use the knowledge. This is the ultimate goal of our learning. This is actually a complex issue, but in the minimalist learning method, I will give you a simple "three-dimensional rule" to quickly apply the new knowledge you have learned.
expression output
The essence of Feynman's learning method is to "tell others." In our actual use, there are three most common application methods
1. Tell others
When using it, we should pay attention to the following three points:
First, the person you are explaining to does not understand the knowledge, or does not understand it thoroughly.
Many top students in the Northern Qing Dynasty like to give lectures to their classmates. If you can explain a question clearly to others, it means you really understand it. On the other hand, after you finish speaking, others may only understand half of what you said, which means that you have not really understood.
If the person you are explaining to is also a top student, has very strong understanding ability, problem-solving ability, etc., and has a good cognitive foundation for the problem, even if others do not explain it clearly, he can still rely on it. own understanding. Then, this method is not the real Feynman learning method.
Note that the people we are explaining must be people who do not understand this knowledge themselves, at least not thoroughly. To put it simply, if we regard the object of explanation as a student, then we have to find a laggard student instead of a top student. Because if you are a top student, you can't tell whether you are good at speaking or if the student is inherently good.
Second, the person you are explaining to should give you feedback so that you can accurately judge yourself through its feedback.
Be sure to find someone who is willing to communicate with you. Because you need to judge whether the other party understands and understands you based on the other party's feedback. If the other party is just a passive person listening to you, your output becomes one-way output. The other party does not give you feedback, and it is difficult for you to accurately judge the effect of your explanation.
Third, learn again based on feedback and simplify your expressions
If the other party doesn't understand, or you always get stuck when explaining and can't explain everything, it means you haven't really understood it, then go back and learn again. At this time, you need to find the original learning materials and re-study the part that you are unclear about until you fully understand it. What do you mean by complete understanding? To put it simply, it means that you can explain yourself clearly. Only at this step can you truly master this concept. However, at this point, your task is not really over. You still need to see whether you have spoken concisely enough. Because if you want to speak easily and understandably, you need to simplify your expression. In other words, you need to use your own language, not the language in the learning materials or courses, to explain the concepts, and speak them in words you understand!
2. Tell it to yourself
First, talk to yourself, ask and answer questions to yourself
Close the study book and speak it yourself. You need to see if there are any areas where you are stuck or unskilled when speaking, or if there are any areas that you feel you cannot understand. If so, then you must have not understood it. Then you need to go back and study by yourself until you can explain yourself clearly.
Second, speak to yourself first, then listen to yourself
You can use your mobile phone or other recording device to record what you are saying while you are speaking. After recording, listen to what you have said and be your own judge. If you can all understand it and there is nothing awkward about it, then you have made it clear. Of course, if you can't, then you haven't learned it clearly.
For better results, you can listen to the recording the day after or a few days later. On the one hand, it is considered as a review, and on the other hand, after a while, the knowledge you learned becomes a bit unfamiliar. Under such circumstances, if you can still understand, it means you have really learned and explained clearly.
3. Write to yourself
The higher-level method of Feynman's learning method is to write down the knowledge you have learned. If you can write it down easily, you have learned it clearly. We often use this method when we study
For example, when you read a book, you can write your thoughts after reading it and make a mind map of the book. These are very good application methods.
Of course, you can also show others what you have written to see if they can really understand it. This is also a good way of testing.
Problem solving type output
1. Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone
Common mistakes in answering questions
The first habit is to only answer the questions you know. When we answer questions, we are not trying to gain confidence for ourselves, but to improve our grades. If we keep answering questions that we know how to do, our grades will never improve.
The second habit is to grind hard problems. This situation is more common. Many students think that they can improve faster by solving difficult problems, which is also very wrong. Because the question is too difficult and you don’t know how to start, it will bring you a strong sense of frustration if you are never able to solve it.
What kind of questions are there?
Always answer questions that you can "jump up to" and can do with hard work, and force yourself to improve.
2. Special topic brushing, a once-and-for-all method of brushing up questions
1. Why do we need to solve special topics? Why can it be done once and for all?
In order to answer questions in a more targeted manner, especially to ensure that you can win questions in a certain knowledge section or a certain type of questions, you can use the topic-based way of answering questions, which is a once-and-for-all method of answering questions.
2. Solve special topics and master the four golden steps
The first step is to review knowledge
Before completing the topic review, you need to review the corresponding knowledge.
Understand the knowledge first before starting to answer special questions, rather than starting when you have only half-understood knowledge.
The second step is to brush up the questions for the first time
You may encounter two situations:
The first is that you can solve the problem based on the knowledge you already know. You may not be very proficient, but you can still solve it.
The second is that although you understand the knowledge, but because you have not applied it too much, or you are not very proficient in mastering the knowledge, you cannot solve some questions, or you can only solve part of them.
Both of these are normal conditions. If it is the first type, then this step is completed. If it's the second type, you need to consolidate your knowledge again based on the topics you don't know. Of course, you can also understand the knowledge through the process of solving questions. This is equivalent to you going back to the first step and truly understanding the knowledge.
The third step is to summarize the rules
An important purpose of conducting special topic brushing is to find common problem-solving methods and problem-solving ideas in this type of questions. With these methods, you will have the master key to solving this kind of problem, and you will be able to ensure that when you encounter this kind of problem again in the future, you will be able to solve it and truly understand everything.
In the second step, although you can solve the problem, you do not particularly consider what problem-solving methods and ideas you have used. At this step, you need to jump out and summarize the rules and common methods for these questions. Although the exam questions are not the same, the test points and problem solving ideas are the same.
Therefore, you need to summarize these general rules and methods. By summarizing these rules, you will find the master key to solving this type of questions.
The fourth step, brush the questions for the second time
By reviewing the questions, we will become more familiar with these methods and rules, and at the same time constantly correct the rules in the third step.
Exam type output
Having the thinking of a question maker is a prerequisite for getting high scores in exams
1. What is the question maker’s thinking?
Every question on the exam paper must be testing a certain knowledge point of yours, otherwise it would not appear on the exam paper for no reason. Therefore, if you want to solve this question, you must be clear about what this question is trying to test you.
2. How to train the question maker’s thinking
1. Study real questions
Finding patterns from real test questions I have already mentioned before. The larger the exam, the more standardized the questions will be. Moreover, in order to ensure the scientific nature of the test questions, each test will maintain a certain degree of continuity and stability with the questions from the previous tests, and generally there will be no particularly major adjustments.
2. Develop a habit: Ask yourself what knowledge points you want to test in this question.
In addition to studying the real questions, we also need to develop a habit in our daily practice of answering questions, that is, no matter which question we do, we must let ourselves think about what knowledge point the question is testing. Of course, you can also do special exercises, take out a set of real questions, and ask yourself for each question, what knowledge point is this question testing?
Reference answer learning method: the guarantee of getting high scores in the exam
If you want to get high scores in the exam, you need to practice so that your answers are closest to the standard answers.
There are two reference answers that are closest to the standard answer
First, the standard answers to previous real questions
Second, high-quality tutoring materials and reference answers to simulation questions
Learn the Three Keys and Four Steps to Reference Answers
1. Three keys: answer structure, score points, subject terminology
Answer structure: It is the skeleton of the answer. It is the structure that connects the entire answer. This is what you need to learn first.
Scoring points: The exam is basically based on scoring points, and the points correspond to "scoring keywords" and key steps.
Subject terminology: Subject terminology is also the key to learning reference answers. Simply put, your answer must conform to the characteristics of the subject and make people feel that you "understand it very well"
So how do you learn the terminology of such subjects?
On the one hand, you can find time to focus on the reference answers of a certain subject, single out the "subject terms", carefully study, understand and memorize them, so that a lot of subject terms are gathered in your mind at once. On the other hand, "subject terminology" is also a process of accumulation. You can take a small notebook and use it specifically to accumulate subject terms, and deliberately use them when taking exams or doing questions. Over time, your answers will look more and more professional and closer to the standard answers.
2. Four steps: answer, see, repair, answer
Answer it yourself first: Write the answer yourself first
This step is to directly demonstrate your current level.
Compare again: Compare again the difference with the standard answer
Compare it with the reference answers to see how well your answers are written and where they are different from the standard answers. Pay special attention to the "three keys" identified in the previous section. The purpose of this step is to find out your own problems
Comparative correction: modify your own answer based on the standard answer
After you find out your own problem, you can then carefully revise the standard answers one by one until they are consistent. After correcting, you should carefully read the standard answers and the answers you wrote to ensure that you can write answers that are consistent with the standard answers next time you do the same type of questions.
Then answer by yourself: Answer by yourself again until it is consistent with the standard answer
Next, you should put away the standard answers and answer this question again, which is equivalent to doing it again yourself. After writing the answer, see if you have done it consistent with the standard answer. If you still can’t, then repeat these four steps; if you can, it means you have mastered it.
It is recommended that you do this step one or two days after you have completed the first three steps. Because people tend to forget, if you can still answer it after a day or two, it means you really understand it. If you answer the question again immediately, you may not really understand some parts. Just relying on your immediate memory at the time, just writing it down does not mean that you really understand it.
In these four steps, please be sure to pay attention to the three key points of learning reference answers, because this is the key to scoring
Summarize the answer template to secure high scores
When learning reference answers, we need to summarize the answer templates for frequently occurring question types. In this way, in the real exam, you can answer questions directly according to this template and replace the scoring keywords.
The following are examples of subjective questions on poetry appreciation that often appear in Chinese language exams.
Example: This poem expresses the author’s thoughts and emotions (5 points) Full score answer template: √The author uses the description of ××× (1 point, quoting the content from the poem) √Expressed ×××’s thoughts (2 points, write down the specific thoughts expressed) √Expressed the emotions of ××× (2 points, write down the specific emotions expressed) This question is very common in the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. Although the poem has been changed, the question method has not changed. Since the method of asking questions has not changed, there is a relatively fixed answer template.
Assume that the score of this question is 5 points. The fixed answer template for this question is the three parts listed in the accompanying picture, and they all correspond to specific score values. When answering, if you want to get high or full marks quickly and steadily, it is best to write according to this structure. Part One: First quote the specific content of the poem. Part 2: Write down what thoughts are expressed. Part Three: Write what kind of emotions are expressed. With this structure, you are like doing a fill-in-the-blank question. In the first part, fill in the useful and specific content of the poem; in the second and third parts, replace the "what" in the thoughts and emotions with specific ones. Keywords, these keywords are scoring points.
In the eyes of top academics, major liberal arts questions are not metaphysics, and you can determine how many points you can get. Because they have already summarized the answer template to ensure that they will definitely get a certain number of points.
If it is really metaphysics, then why do top academics get high scores every time?
Some people may not have the results, but they have developed a feeling. In fact, the feeling is just a pattern without writing it on paper, and it is accompanied by an element of gambling.
Real-life applications
After learning the knowledge, use it at least 3 times
Every time I learn a new piece of knowledge or skill, I force myself to use it three times immediately.
Grasp the essence and draw inferences from one instance to another
McKinsey, the world's top consulting firm, has a very important writing tool called the "pyramid principle." The core concept is that when writing, the conclusion should come first, and then the specific arguments should be discussed. Moreover, these arguments need to follow the "MECE principle", which means they should be independent of each other and completely exhaustive. This principle sounds a bit complicated. For example, it is a bit like the "total points total" structure taught to us by our teachers in school.
Once you learn the pyramid principle, you can apply it to your writing. For example, if you want to write a love letter to the girl you like, according to the "Pyramid Principle", you should start straight to the point and say "I like you", and then give several specific evidences to prove this. This love letter can be written in three aspects. The first aspect is about your reaction when you see the other person, such as "Every time I see you, I get so nervous that my heart beats and my words become incoherent."; Express your love in various aspects, such as "You are indeed my ideal type. I have been very clear since I was a child that I like pure, lovely and talented girls, and you are so pure, lovely, and so talented. You are really the one." What I expect from a beautiful girl"; the third aspect expresses his expectations, such as "You seem to understand my heart very well. Every time you talk to me, I can feel it, every word you say, It’s all what I want to hear. How wonderful life would be if I could be with you every day.” Finally, you can reiterate your point of view and conclude with one sentence: I think I really fall in love with you.
Have you ever thought about applying the pyramid principle to areas other than writing? Obviously it is possible.
The essence of the pyramid principle is to make our expressions more easily understood by others. No matter what you want to express, you can use such a structure, with the conclusion first, so that others can know at once what the core theme you want to express is, and then divide this core theme into several specific parts for detailed elaboration.
After understanding this essence, we can transfer knowledge and apply it to other fields. Let's take an example from life. Suppose we want to decorate a house. According to the pyramid principle, the seemingly complicated decoration problem will become clear immediately. Let’s think about it. Although decoration involves a lot of small matters, we can divide it into three major parts: “design, construction, and procurement.” Is it immediately clear? Of course, you will say, it is very complicated just to divide it into these three parts. Then you can continue to use the pyramid principle to decompose. For example, decompose the design into: first determine the overall design style, and then look at how the kitchen, bathroom, and living room should be designed corresponding to this style. Is it immediately clear? According to this method, each part can be decomposed again, and no matter how complicated things are, they can be made clear and clear.
Practice deliberately and become a master
Three key points of deliberate practice: goals, breakthroughs, and feedback
Expanding these three points, deliberate practice means: first determine the goals you want to achieve through practice, constantly break through the boundaries of your abilities during the practice, and have a mentor or coach give feedback on your performance, step by step Keep improving and finally achieve your goal
Targeted practice
Setting clear goals can effectively guide your practice, and can also help you break down your own practice steps step by step, so that your practice can be implemented and finally realized.
The biggest difference between deliberate practice and ordinary practice is that you are doing it specifically, not just for fun.
For example, if you are practicing shooting, instead of shooting aimlessly, if you set a goal such as "three-point shooting, you can score at least 5 out of 10 goals, and do two sets in a row", your practice effect will definitely be much better.
Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
In the section on how to answer questions, we mentioned that effective question answering means constantly breaking through the comfort zone and constantly turning the challenge zone into a comfort zone bit by bit. In fact, this kind of effective practice is a kind of deliberate practice
Provide feedback during practice
Those who are confused by the situation are clear to those who watch. In the process of deliberate practice, it is difficult for a person to see what problems he or she has, and someone needs to give timely feedback; only by finding one's own problems and making timely adjustments can one effectively improve.
Based on the three key points of deliberate practice, you will find that deliberate practice is to enter a cycle of "breakthrough → practice → feedback → improvement → practice", constantly improve yourself, and finally become proficient in one thing.
Chapter 3 Deep Digestion
Mental preparation: either have insensitivity or be unconditionally confident
1. With the power of insensitivity, you will complete deep digestion without realizing it.
In the process of deep digestion, we might as well be a "big-hearted person" and have a more indifferent attitude. If you don’t understand it, you just don’t understand it. It doesn’t matter. I’ll just keep learning.
That is, when you are dissatisfied with your performance and feel frustrated, you tell yourself "I am not a god, others are the same", so that your mentality will instantly improve, let yourself go, and forgive yourself.
2. Unconditional self-confidence: Get rid of "fear of difficulties" and you can learn everything
The attitude of top academics in studying weak subjects is: face the difficulties and attack the subjects that are not good.
A top student studies any subject that he or she is not good at, while a bad student studies any subject that he or she is not good at. A top student is one who aims at partial subjects, while a bad student is one who avoids partial subjects.
Accurate self-examination: Please be extremely honest and find loopholes in three ways
1. Self-examination is anti-human, you must be extremely honest
If you really want your studies to be effective, you should do "self-analysis" and learn to self-examine your own problems. When you start to examine yourself, you must be extremely honest in order to truly examine yourself.
2. Three methods of accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape the loopholes
1. Source self-check: self-check with checklist
For source self-examination, it is more recommended to follow the checklist self-examination method, that is, to check according to the learning checklist.
textbook study
If you want to check what knowledge gaps you have in a course, you can turn to the table of contents in the textbook and check the table of contents one by one to see if you have mastered the content corresponding to each table of contents.
Study for exams
Most exams have clear exam requirements and syllabus. The self-assessment method for this kind of learning is to take out the examination syllabus and conduct self-assessment one by one according to the test points specified in the examination syllabus and the requirements of each examination point. What needs to be reminded here is that you must carefully check whether you meet the specific requirements of each test point in the syllabus. why? Because different knowledge points and test points will have different requirements, some require memorization, while others require understanding or application, or even comprehensive application. These different requirements indicate that the level of learning is completely different. For example, for knowledge points that require memorization, it depends on whether you can memorize them. It doesn’t matter if you can’t apply them; for knowledge points that require comprehensive application, you need to conduct self-tests according to the corresponding standards.
2. Result self-check: self-check according to the output
Analyze test papers
After each mock exam, we should take out the test paper, analyze it based on the score of the test paper, and find our own loopholes
First, identify weak sections
An exam usually involves knowledge from multiple sections. Through the score of the test paper, it is easy to find out which section you are relatively weak in. This is your vulnerability point and the place where you need to invest heavily in studying next.
Second, identify weak details
Maybe you score well, and no section has a large loss of points, but basically every section has a loss of points, which means that in each large section, there are some details that you don’t really understand, then pass By analyzing the test papers, you can find them one by one, and then accurately check and fill in the gaps. The learning effect will be very good.
Third, find out the reasons for losing points
There is a situation where you understand all the knowledge points, but your test score is not high. Then you need to analyze the test paper and your own situation in the examination room to find out why your score is not high.
Generally speaking, you can ask three questions to conduct self-examination
The first question: Have I really understood all the knowledge points?
This question is to check whether you really understand or pretend to understand. If you find that you don’t really understand, then obediently go and figure it out.
Second question: Can I use this knowledge point to solve problems?
If you have indeed mastered the knowledge but are not yet able to apply it proficiently, then you need to practice more, find problem-solving routines for the same type of questions, summarize them into experience, and truly solve this type of problem.
Question 3: What went wrong during my exam?
Generally speaking, most of them fall into the following situations:
Analyze test papers
careless exam
Find a way to avoid carelessness, answer questions in a standardized manner, and avoid carelessness from the source.
Exam mentality
Find out the cause of heart disease and find ways to adjust it
a matter of time
Learn to make reasonable use of exam time and make timely adjustments to maximize your scores.
Analyze works
The answer is to see how the PPT you make looks like. Specifically, you can use an ideal level PPT for comparison and analyze each item one by one to see what problems you have. If you find that you are close to the ideal level, but the speed is a bit slow, then you need to improve your speed, find specific ways to improve the speed, and then practice; if you find that the PPT you made is not beautiful enough, then find ways to improve the beauty. degree. In short, it is to use a single test to quickly find your own problems.
Some people may say that they cannot find specific works that can be used as reference for comparison, and they do not have the ability to judge the effectiveness of their own works, so they need to use the third self-test method: others to help test.
Help others take the test: Find these three types of people
Find a master
When you don't know what your problem is, you can find a master in this field and ask him to help you take a look, and the problem will be found immediately. After all, in the eyes of experts, your problems are nowhere to be seen and are as clear as a bright mirror.
Find students
In fact, the method that needs to be used here is "teaching". You use the knowledge you have learned to teach the other person
You need to pay attention to the following three places. These three places are likely to be your weak links.
First, you feel that you cannot explain clearly or clearly. There is no doubt that if you cannot explain something clearly, it is most likely because you have not learned it thoroughly.
Second, there is something the other party cannot understand. If the other person doesn't understand, it's probably because you haven't learned it yet. Therefore, the other party cannot understand what you are saying. Of course, this may also be due to a problem with the other party's understanding. However, what the other party doesn’t understand is most likely something you haven’t learned clearly.
Third, if you don’t understand something, the other party can’t understand it either. Needless to say, this is definitely something you haven’t learned clearly.
Find a professional feeler
If you can't see what's wrong with you, you can let others feel your work and analyze what's wrong with you through their feelings.
Really win: do these three points and you will be able to thoroughly understand everything
When we already know what we have not learned clearly and thoroughly, the next thing we have to do is to thoroughly understand what we do not understand. We have to start taking specific actions.
Critical start: within 72 hours, start where you can
Tip: How to learn Chinese
Subjective questions: Find the test papers of your recent Chinese language exams, find the wrong questions, and look at the standard answers one by one to see what the differences are with the standard answers. Then, he imitated the standard answer and wrote his own answer until his answer was close to the same as the standard answer.
Essay questions: Memorize several structures, practice several examples, and use more rhetoric
1. It doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning itself is important
"Getting rid of inner demons" is the key step to truly overcome the difficult points in learning. As long as you stop being afraid of it and start your first step, when you really start learning, half of the knowledge and problems you don't understand will have been solved. When you start making changes, you will encounter problems; when you encounter problems, you have to solve them; when you solve enough problems, you will find that your performance has improved a lot. The knowledge that I didn’t understand before was also understood and learned in this process.
2. You must act within 72 hours, otherwise it may never start
"72 hour rule". The book says: "When you decide to do something, you must actually start taking action within 72 hours, otherwise you will probably never do it again."
3. Apply the known to the unknown. This is the easiest way to start.
The process of learning is actually using known knowledge to understand new knowledge. When new knowledge is understood, it will become knowledge we already know. We can use new known knowledge to understand updated knowledge, and so on.
When we complete a learning task, we have found the parts of it that we have not fully learned or fully understood through self-examination. At this time, we can use the parts we have learned to understand the parts we have not fully understood, and finally understand all the knowledge.
Overcome difficult points: focus deeply and attack one at a time
passive learning
All learning is step-by-step, according to the teacher's rhythm, and moves forward passively. I never take the initiative to think about what I haven't learned clearly, and what kind of knowledge I want to learn. In fact, this is a very typical "passive learning". This kind of learning effect is difficult to guarantee. What you can learn depends on the teacher's teaching level and your absorption ability. This kind of learning does not bring out your full potential, and what you learn under such circumstances does not represent your full strength.
How to change "passive learning" into "active learning"? You need to grasp the following three points
1. Actively explore rather than passively accept
Deeply focused learning requires you to be very clear about the purpose of learning. With a clear learning purpose, you will no longer follow the teacher's rhythm, but will actively explore and think of various ways to achieve this purpose.
2. Calm down and eliminate all distractions
Physical isolation: being separated from the source of interference in time and space.
Isolation of trivial tasks: For those trivial tasks that affect your energy but must be done, either let others do it for you, or you simply ignore it. For example, if you are worried that your mobile phone will interfere with you, you might as well put your mobile phone away from you.
3. Concentrate your efforts and solve one problem at a time
If you concentrate on learning one thing, will other things you have already learned become forgotten or become unfamiliar? Indeed, knowledge will be forgotten and learned skills will become rusty. But more often than not, once a lot of knowledge is learned, it will not be forgotten in a short period of time. Even if you have not been exposed to it for a while, you can pick it up quickly. After all, you already have the foundation and level. On the contrary, if you don’t focus on conquering a problem, they will always be your problem
Using external forces: Let foreign aid play a real role
Not everyone is a self-taught genius, and not all knowledge can be learned through self-study. At this time, what you need to do is to seek help from outside sources.
1.When do you need to rely on external force?
In the first case, the learning effect is relatively poor and cannot keep up with the pace of learning.
If your academic performance is relatively poor, you can't keep up with your classmates at work, you can't understand things in class, and your grades have completely fallen behind, then you need to seek help from foreign aid.
In the second case, you study hard but never make a breakthrough
When you encounter a bottleneck, the external force you rely on does not necessarily teach you a lot. It may just help you find your problem and give you a targeted learning plan. Perhaps, sometimes all it takes is an outside source to give you some guidance, and you'll be enlightened. With additional hard work, you can break through the bottleneck and improve your performance. This process is more like learning consultation. Therefore, the external force you are looking for must be those teachers who are very capable. They can understand you at once, see through the essence, peel off the cocoon and extract the thread, find your problem, and give you the corresponding solution.
The third situation is to suddenly improve scores before the exam and scientifically achieve "cramming"
If you don’t have time to prepare for the exam, or your grades are still not satisfactory before the exam, then joining this kind of pre-exam tutoring class to suddenly improve your scores is a very good choice.
In the fourth case, if you want the learning effect to be better than that of ordinary people, you need to increase the intensity
In the process of learning, artificially increase the difficulty and demand yourself according to higher standards than the learning itself. Obviously, this is a difficult task. If you can use external help, you can go more smoothly.
For example, if you want to get a high score in the CET-4 exam, it will be difficult to stand out if you only memorize the words required by CET-4 and only practice the CET-4 questions. You can prepare according to the standards of CET-6. You can memorize CET-6 words, do CET-6 questions, and participate in CET-6 high-scoring training classes. When you finish doing this, your English level is already CET-6. If you take the CET-4 test again, you will be able to surpass most people.
2. Two steps for selecting foreign aid
First, clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces
It is human nature and reasonable to hope to "do more than one thing with one stone". My suggestion is that you should rank these purposes, which is the first purpose, which is the second purpose, which is the third purpose
Why sort? Because the first purpose is the core purpose, we must first ensure that the first purpose is achieved. In other words, when the first purpose and the second purpose conflict, the second purpose must give way to the first purpose. For example, your first purpose is to improve scores, and your second purpose is to improve efficiency. In your current situation, it is very likely that your foundation is too poor. If you want to improve your scores, you must strengthen your foundation at the very beginning. At this time, the purpose of "improving efficiency" must be the purpose of "raising points". Give Way
Sorting is very important, because for different purposes, the external forces you are looking for, the specific methods you need to use, and the paths you design are likely to be completely different.
Second, choose the “right external force” scientifically
Primary school teachers understand students’ way of thinking better, and their advantage is “understanding teaching”; while excellent middle school and high school teachers’ core advantage is “understanding knowledge.” "Understanding teaching" and "understanding knowledge" are two different abilities. Some types of teaching value more "understanding teaching", while some types of teaching value more "knowing knowledge".
The best teachers and foreign aid must both "understand teaching" and "understand knowledge." When we choose external aid, it is best if we can have both. If we really can't find one, then we need to use both. When you have to choose between them, it depends on what you value.
3. The biggest role of making good use of external forces may not be to teach you lessons.
The external force you seek, such as the teacher in a tutoring class, is actually like your coach. Of course, when your level is not high and you have not learned the knowledge, he also plays a very important role, which is to teach you. And when you know it, he will give you feedback more.
Chapter 2 Precise input
1. Accurate study
Backward thinking: learn knowledge that directly determines the result
"Backward thinking". To put it simply, improving scores is to work forward from the results to discover the crux of the problem, and then conduct special study on this part of the problem. Study wherever you can improve scores.
For example, if a person has a low score, what causes it? If he scores high in math but low in Chinese, then he should improve his score in Chinese.
Change consciousness: you must study with a truly effective purpose (specific rather than general)
If the goal is not implementable, it cannot guide your actions. Once the purpose is concrete, an action plan will naturally follow. For example: poor study (be more specific) → poor English → not enough vocabulary. Get: memorize words
Establish goals: deduce the implementation process and formulate achievable goals
Tools for setting goals - the SMART rule
SMART rule
It is a very famous management by objectives principle, first proposed by management guru Peter Drucker in the book "The Practice of Management"
S: specific
Goals are clear and specific
For example, my goal is to get into a good university, which is a vague and general goal. If you change it to something specific, it can become: I want to be admitted to Tsinghua University. (Of course, this is not very specific. Be as specific as possible, so specific that it is the best next step.)
M: measurable
It means that there is a clear set of data that can be used as a basis for measuring whether the goal has been achieved. If there is no way to measure the goals set, it will be impossible to judge whether the goals have been achieved.
For example, if your goal is to improve your grades, you can set measurable goals, such as, "I want to be among the top ten in my grade in the final exam this semester."
A: Achievable
It means that the goal is not too lofty, but can be achieved in reality.
For example, your usual test scores can only pass the second line, and now there are only 10 days until the college entrance examination. The goal you have set for yourself is to be admitted to Tsinghua University, which is unattainable in reality.
However, when we set goals, we should not set them too low or at a level that is within easy reach, because this will prevent us from tapping our potential. It’s best if you have to jump up and reach for it to achieve the goal
For example, if your usual scores rank within the top 500 in the province, it is reasonable to set a goal of being admitted to Tsinghua University 100 days before the college entrance examination. And if your goal is to be admitted to Beijing Institute of Technology, this will not actually motivate you, because there is no problem for the top 500 students in the province to be admitted to Beijing Institute of Technology.
R: Relevant
Relevance means that your goal should be related to your other goals or the overall goals of the organization. If this goal is achieved, but it does not promote the realization of other goals, or the correlation is very low, then even if this goal is achieved, it will not be of great significance.
For example, your big goal is to get admitted to Tsinghua University, but you also set a small goal for yourself: "Practice fluent English 100 days before the college entrance examination." This small goal seems to be helpful for improving your English scores, but fundamentally speaking, practicing fluent English has no direct relationship with your admission to Tsinghua University. You might as well change your small goal to: 100 days before the college entrance examination, do the real college entrance examination English questions in the past ten years 5 times, memorize all the words you don't know, learn any grammar you don't understand, and understand the problems you encounter. every wrong question. Such a goal can not only improve your English college entrance examination scores, but also directly help you get into Tsinghua University. This is a relevant goal.
T: time-limited
Refers to the goal to be completed within a certain period of time, rather than being far away
If a goal has no time limit, then the goal is basically in vain, because you will probably never start, or once you start, you will encounter some difficulties and you will temporarily escape or give up, sometimes even forever.
Scientific execution: keep a close eye on goals and reject excuses
After you set a goal, always keep an eye on your goal while executing it. Remember! This is the most important principle for you to achieve your goals
For example, when you are negotiating with someone, the other party is likely to deliberately use words or some very harsh conditions to aggravate your emotions, causing you to lose control and eventually lose your mind, become confused, and fail to achieve your negotiation goals. But if you remember that your negotiation goal is to achieve cooperation based on your own terms, you will not have such a reaction, and you will turn a blind eye to what the other party is doing.
Thinking backwards is actually drawing a straight line between two points. Specifically, there are four steps:
First, imagine the end result.
Second, work backwards from the results to the implementation process.
Third, break it down into achievable tasks.
Fourth, keep an eye on the goals and implement them scientifically.
2. Choose the right one
The best learning materials are those that suit you
Exam-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
1. The syllabus is the criterion for everything
For example, for a knowledge point, the requirement of the exam syllabus is memorization, then you can memorize it without thinking about its application; for another knowledge point, the requirement of the exam syllabus is application, then you must not only understand this knowledge point, but also practice it professionally. For exercises, use this knowledge point to solve problems; if it is a comprehensive application, you must not only train to use this knowledge point to solve problems directly, but also train to use this knowledge point in combination with other knowledge points to solve problems.
2. Textbooks are the best learning materials
Because the syllabus is compiled based on the textbook. It is equivalent to the textbook being the source and the examination syllabus being the result.
Let me give you a simple judgment standard. If your test score cannot reach 80% of the total score, it must be that you have not obtained the scores for all the basic questions. Then obediently put down your various tutoring materials and return to the textbooks. Thoroughly understand the textbooks and materials, and if you persist in this way, your grades will definitely improve significantly.
So how do you understand the textbook thoroughly? There are four keywords: thorough, complete, string, and multiple
Transparent: understand clearly and know why
To understand thoroughly means to understand thoroughly. You must have a thorough understanding of the knowledge points, theorems, formulas and other basic knowledge in the textbooks. That is, you must not only know and remember, but also know why and be able to deduce it yourself.
For example, we all know that the area of a rectangle is the length times the width since childhood, but have you ever thought about why the area of a rectangle is the length times the width? You have to figure out this derivation process and know why to truly understand it.
Why do we do this? Because when we understand a new thing, we need to use the knowledge we already know to understand it. At first we will feel that it is complicated, but as the understanding deepens, we will find that it is very simple. You suddenly realize: "Oh, so that's what happened!" At this time, you really understand and master it.
Therefore, in order to thoroughly understand the textbook, the first habit you need to develop is to thoroughly understand all the knowledge points in the book one by one. The formulas must be derived by oneself, and the logic behind the theorems must be understood. Only in this way, if you understand it from the root, can you truly use it flexibly.
Complete: Leave no doubts, return the pellets to the warehouse
None of the knowledge points, examples, and annotations in the textbook are invalid. You must fully understand every part of the textbook, and don't think that the fine print of the annotations is unimportant.
why? Because every knowledge point and every line of small words in the textbook may become a question in your exam. If you think that just a line of small text comments is not important and you have no grasp of it, then you will definitely suffer. For example, a 10-point question in the exam tests the knowledge points described in this line of fine print. If you do not master it, then the 10 points will be lost.
String: form a system and string together knowledge
You must form your own knowledge framework system and connect all knowledge together.
why? Because knowledge is systematic and rarely exists alone. Moreover, any textbook has its own knowledge system. If you want to master the content of this textbook, you must first understand the knowledge system of this textbook.
So how to master the system?
One of the simplest methods is to "read the directory". Turn to the table of contents of the textbook and see what parts the textbook is divided into, what is the relationship between each part, and what are the sub-parts under each part. When you start looking at the table of contents, you will find that the knowledge points of this textbook are actually a complete system. For example, the first part has three small parts, and these three small parts are three applications of this large part of knowledge. Therefore, when you read the catalog, you will understand that this is a complete system. If you want to master this knowledge point, you must learn these three application situations.
A more advanced approach would be
Close the book, take out a piece of paper, and draw the knowledge structure diagram of the book on the paper. While drawing, think about the specific knowledge in each part. In this way, you will really understand the knowledge points of this textbook and form a complete picture. own system. Of course, you can also open a mind mapping software and directly make a mind map of this textbook, which is also a good method.
If you want to master the knowledge of a textbook, you must connect all the knowledge points together. In this way, you do not master the knowledge points one by one, but form a system so that the knowledge becomes connected. Able to master it at a higher level.
More: Repeat, again and again
Classics are worth reading over and over again. Every time you read them, you will have a different feeling. For example, you will watch a classic movie many times, and you will have new discoveries and insights every time you watch it.
The textbook is a classic. You not only have to study through the above three processes, but you also have to read it frequently. When you encounter difficulties in solving a question, you can check the corresponding knowledge point in the textbook. You will find that it turns out that you did not fully understand the knowledge point; when your performance in a certain subject encounters a bottleneck, you can search If you look at the textbook, you will find that you have not mastered the knowledge systematically, so you cannot solve the questions that are slightly comprehensive. After you have solved a lot of questions, you will look at the textbook again, and you may find that you have solved the problem. Many of the questions are variations of examples in the book.
Continuous learning: Consistency is more important than what you choose
1. Studying the materials is not the first priority, learning to the end is the first priority
For example, if we want to learn English words, the most important thing is not which word book to choose, because most word books sort commonly used words in alphabetical order from A to Z. There is not much difference in essence between different word books because the number of words is almost the same. The really important thing is how to persist in memorizing these words
Therefore, for continuous learning, regardless of which learning materials to choose, the most important thing you should focus on is how to stick to the end.
2. If you still have to choose, how should you choose?
Although it is most important to stick to the end, you still have to choose a study material that suits you. So how to choose?
First, look at the brand
It is a good choice to look at the brand. There are three types of brands you can choose, and you usually can’t go wrong.
old brand
If a brand can continue to exist for a long time, maintain vitality, and remain popular in the market, then its products must have been tested by the market. Therefore, choosing learning materials from old brands is an unmistakable choice.
famous brand
The quality of products from big brands is basically excellent. A big brand means that product quality and various services are of high standards. Otherwise, it cannot become a big brand. Therefore, you can’t go wrong by choosing a big brand
Emerging brands
Under the attack of old brands and big brands, if a new brand rises rapidly in a short period of time, it must be outstanding and its products must be excellent. After all, if you want to seize the market from old and big brands, you will definitely not be able to do it without some skills. Therefore, cutting-edge brands are also a good choice
Second, look at the word of mouth
The gold cup and silver cup are not as good as everyone's reputation. You can also choose based on user reputation. Here is how you can do it.
Ask people in the circle
For example, if you want to take the CPA exam and choose appropriate coaching materials, you can directly ask people who have passed the CPA exam, ask a few more people, or go directly to the corresponding community and ask everyone for their opinions to see what everyone thinks. It is very easy to judge what you are using or what you have used before.
Read word-of-mouth posts
If you can’t find anyone to ask in real life, or there are few people to ask, you can go to vertical forums and self-media platforms to read everyone’s word-of-mouth experience posts. Many of these word-of-mouth experience posts will have real and detailed introductions, especially comparative introductions. You can read more and find out which one is suitable for you. This method is the same as reading user reviews when shopping online.
Third, try it yourself
After you find learning materials or courses that you think are good, try them out for a while or take a trial class first. Use your own personal experience to make reasonable judgments
Pursue the essence: learn from the roots, metacognition points directly to the foundation
The knowledge you need to learn is complex, but it is actually very simple. Once you understand the essence, everything will suddenly become clearer.
Learning should grasp the essence and learn from the roots. This kind of learning is minimalist and efficient. From an application perspective, there are three common approaches
1. Look at the cornerstone works to help you quickly grasp the essence
First, most of these cornerstone works are books.
For example, if you want to learn economics, you can directly read Mankiw's "Principles of Economics"
Second, there are some cornerstone works, which are certain papers that pioneered this field.
For example, the "Father of Information Theory" Shannon published a paper in the "Bell System Technical Journal" in October 1948: "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" ("Mathematical Theory of Communication"), which is the beginning of modern information theory and has since created The great subject of information theory
Third, there are some cornerstone works that are simpler, just one or two concepts about the nature of this field.
For example, the personality structure proposed by psychology master Freud consists of three parts: id, ego, and superego.
All in all, whether we read Cornerstone books or papers, or directly study Cornerstone theory, our purpose is to learn the "essential things" in a certain field and achieve metacognition by grasping the essence. This is a minimalist approach. learning method.
2. Learn key methodologies, "5 hours of theory" is more important than "10,000 hours of theory"
5 hours is learning, and 10,000 hours is learning. In life, 5 hours of theory are often used, while 10,000 hours of theory are often used only a few times.
learning key methodologies
For example, in lol jungle, learning a jungle idea is the essence, but the specifics of which jungle hero should be played are specific aspects, not the key.
It can be seen that learning the jungle idea may be a sentence, but learning the specific details will take a lot of time.
3. Understand 100 keywords: How McKinsey consultants quickly master an industry
Learned McKinsey’s important special skills: the method of quickly mastering an industry in a short time
First, know 100 keywords first
For example, if you want to understand the advertising industry, then you first understand the keywords such as "CPM, CPS, CPC, conversion rate" and so on. Then you will understand most of this industry. For another example, in the e-commerce industry, if you understand the formula "sales = traffic × conversion rate × customer unit price", you will master the basic logic of this industry, because the field of e-commerce is all working around this formula.
Second, find 3 to 5 experts and sit down and talk with them for half a day to a whole day.
Feng Tang wrote in the book that there are no stupid questions, just ask as many questions as possible. You can tell the experts at the beginning that you know nothing about this industry. What you have to do is to ask each question in detail. When you ask 3 to 5 experts, you will find that their answers actually have a lot in common. These commonalities are the most important things you need to know about this industry
Third, find 3 to 5 monographs and read them carefully
Some people may say that I can't find an expert to ask questions. If you can't find an expert, then look for this expert's book. Earlier, I talked about the way of reading with questions, and I also specifically mentioned that every field has cornerstone works. If you understand these books, you can have a fundamental understanding of this field. Of course, you can find a few more books to read. This is equivalent to thematic reading, which is to understand one thing by reading several books on the same topic. You can use one of them as a core and study it carefully. Then compare it with other books and find the similarities. These similarities are the most important things in the industry. Of course, you also need to pay attention to the different places. It may be that different authors have different views on this issue, and it may also be different applications for different situations in real applications.
This method can help you get started in a short time, but if you want to become proficient and become a real expert or master, you still need to study and apply it year after year. Don’t think that you will just learn it after you have finished it. Fine. Remember, what you learn is only the method, the key is "output", that is, how to use it
3. Learn well
Input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake"
Preview before studying: The key is to grasp the degree
Three core points of preview
Point 1: Knowledge is intertwined, and the preview effect will be better after review
Knowledge is interlocking. According to the cognitive logic of people's understanding of new knowledge, we need to use the knowledge we have already mastered to learn and understand new knowledge. This is also the essence of previewing
When you have just finished reviewing and completing the questions, the knowledge you have learned is still "hot". At this time, if you take advantage of the opportunity to preview, you can use the knowledge you have learned to think and understand the new knowledge, which is also a reflection of the knowledge you have learned. The application has a double effect
Point 2: Don’t become “advanced learning”, just mark the difficult points
The purpose of previewing is just to prepare for class lectures, it does not require us to learn it clearly. If you feel that you don't understand a lot of things when you are previewing, and you have to look up various materials to understand it, then you are not previewing, but studying ahead. If you do this, you will feel that pre-study is too difficult and tiring, and you will probably give up after persisting for a while.
Previewing must not become "advanced learning". Preview according to the method of point 1. Through your own thinking, you can understand as much as you can. Don't force yourself to understand everything. The key is that you have to mark what you don’t understand and what you need to listen to carefully in class. Knowing what to focus on during class is the most important thing.
Point 3: Overall preview during winter and summer vacations, the key method for academic masters to surpass you
For students with poor foundation, after you review the knowledge you learned last semester during the winter and summer vacations, if you still have extra time, it is best to find the textbooks for the next semester and preview what you will learn next semester. new knowledge
For students with good academic performance, if you want to significantly improve your grades next semester, you can spend more time during the winter and summer vacations to preview the content for the next semester as a whole. Believe me, this is a very good way for you to become a top student and surpass one.
Finally, I would like to mention that previewing can give you a psychological advantage, which will be converted into confidence and thus surpass other students.
There is a purpose in learning: Grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
Preview before class and prepare for the class. The core is to mark the "difficult points" and listen carefully to the teacher during class. No matter how we listen, the purpose is the same: to understand what the teacher teaches in class
So how to achieve this goal? There are three very important methods
Method 1: Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview
Eliminate the things you don’t understand first. This is the most critical thing and the “first purpose” of listening to the class.
Method 2: Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher through the knowledge chain again
Each class has a clear knowledge structure system and specific knowledge chain.
You need to pay close attention to the beginning and end of each lesson. Because at the beginning of each class, the teacher will outline the content of the class, that is, the structure of the class; and at the end of the class, the teacher will summarize the core points of the class, and then summarize the class. Summarize the knowledge for you
You also need to follow the teacher's pace throughout the class and walk through it as a whole. In the process of following the teacher, you should pay special attention to the difference between your own understanding and what the teacher said, see if there are any problems with your understanding, and correct yourself at the same time until you truly understand and connect the chain of knowledge.
Method 3: If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately
If there is still something you haven’t learned clearly, please be sure to strike while the iron is hot and immediately chase after the teacher and ask your classmates.
The above three methods are all to achieve one goal: to use all means to learn new knowledge clearly. You should focus on what you don’t understand during the preview. If you still don’t understand after formal study, you must strike while the iron is hot and understand it immediately. If you leave it alone, it will be harder to understand the new knowledge later.
Review after learning: the most easily forgotten step
Review first, then do homework. Homework does not mean review, it means application
Because you forget easily, and when studying in class, you follow the teacher instead of your own ideas
Therefore, before doing homework, you should review what you learned that day. This time, your behavior is "proactive" and you completely rely on yourself to understand the knowledge points. You should deduce it as a whole. If you can't figure it out, go back to the textbook and read it again, recall what the teacher said or check the tutorial materials until you understand it completely. On this basis, when you do your homework again, you will find that you can solve every question quickly and accurately.
The input of new knowledge needs to be followed by the subsequent output, which is practice. Therefore, to really learn new knowledge well, you need a complete four-step process. In addition to the three steps mentioned above, you also need to add the output of the following questions (the output part will be discussed specifically in the following chapters)
No matter what new knowledge you learn, it’s all about these three steps
The first step: before learning
Preview first to reduce the difficulty of formal learning. During the preview process, mark the doubt points so that you can focus on them during formal learning.
Step Two: Formal Learning
Regardless of whether you are following others in class or studying on your own, this step is to have a clear purpose and understand everything you don't understand. This is the key to everything.
Step 3: When you finish studying
Remember to review in time, so that the effect will be better. On the one hand, it is to eliminate "false understanding", on the other hand, it is to prevent forgetting and deepen understanding.
Chapter 1 Three Major Advantages
1. Minimalism
Learning a transaction involves these three steps - input, digestion, and output.
Sometimes the first two steps are done together. For example, you can digest it as soon as you learn it. This phenomenon often occurs when learning simple things. Sometimes when you learn a knowledge point, you understand what it does by doing examples, and then you can master it all at once. corresponding effect
Input: learning knowledge
For example, if you want to learn PS, which means retouching pictures, then you have to find information or tutorials related to retouching.
Digestion: understanding knowledge
For example, after learning a sentence from the Analects, you just know that there is such a thing, but you do not understand the profound wisdom in it.
Only output it after you understand it.
Output: Apply knowledge
Just like the production process, the production process is complete only when it is consumed.
2. Accuracy
Think backwards, use what to learn and what not to do useless work
Think about whether your goals are specific and whether all the work you do can help you achieve your goals.
For example, it is not specific which university I will be admitted to in the college entrance examination, but how many points do I need in each subject to be admitted to which university?
Efficient learning is low investment and high return (no useless work)
backward thinking
Before studying, first clarify your learning goals, which is the final result to be achieved.
Based on this result, we can "backwards" what we should do, what we should learn, and how we should learn
We just learn what we need to use and what we get. If we don’t do a little bit of useless work, we will learn it.
The meaning is that there are many ways from a to b, so we take the shortest way (pragmatism)
This does not mean that it is not good to take a longer path. For example, if you have to cope with college entrance examination mathematics, there is no need to master college mathematics. Of course, you can master it better.
3. Essence
Learn from the fundamentals, understand everything, and implement the essential thoughts in three steps
Input from the essence (detailed explanation in Chapter 2)
For example, if you want to learn economics, you should start with the basic principles of economics, and then learn other knowledge of economics. For example, if you want to learn law, you should first learn the spirit of the law, the spirit of the constitution, and then various other legal knowledge.
Digest from the root
Not limited to the surface, digest it from the root, understand one piece of knowledge, one methodology, one piece of thinking and you will be able to understand everything
For a major problem, it is necessary to classify it without overlap or omission. The essence of this method is to break down a large transaction into small transactions, and the small transactions are independent of each other. This methodology can make complex matters simple
Preface
The purpose of this book: Let everyone learn to learn
Three steps for any learning
Any learning can be divided into three stages. The first is the input of knowledge, which is to input new knowledge first; the second is to digest the input knowledge and understand them all; the third is to use the learned knowledge.
Three steps of the “minimalist learning method”: precise input, deep digestion, and multiple outputs
Example
A certain academic master, when studying science, first understands the formulas and theorems, and then understands and applies them by solving problems