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Deliberate Practice Reading Notes-2
This is a mind map about the reading notes-2 of "Deliberate Practice", which includes purposeful practice, Brain adaptability, mental representation, gold standard etc.
Edited at 2023-12-04 08:24:45
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Deliberate Practice Reading Notes-2
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
"Deliberate Practice" reading notes
Book information
author
Anderson Erikson
Professor at Florida State University, Conrady Distinguished Scholar
Robert Poole
Publisher: Machinery Industry Press
Subtitle: How to go from novice to master
Publication year: 2016-11-6
The core of this book
Excellence is not a talent, it is a skill that anyone can learn. The key to becoming an outstanding person lies in deliberate practice.
Chapter 1 Purposeful Practice
A general approach to subject-based learning skills: naive practice
A general understanding of what we want to do
Start practicing
Make this skill automatic and natural
Notice
Once someone's performance reaches an acceptable level and can be automated, a few more years of practice will make little difference
It is impossible to just do something repeatedly and expect to improve your performance and level just by relying on this repetition.
Four Distinctive Characteristics of Purposeful Practice
Have specific, well-defined goals
Break down the goal
make a plan
In the process of achieving every detailed small goal
Correct your behavior
Solve the problems faced
Can be effectively used to guide your practice
Have a focused practice state
Try to stay focused every moment
concentrate on listening
Focus completely on your task
Exercises include feedback
positive feedback
excitation
Negative feedback
shortcomings and reasons
Need to get out of comfort zone
Let him leave a place not far from the limit of his ability and challenge him
Get him out of his comfort zone
over obstacles
Think of ways from different directions
If you never push yourself outside of your comfort zone, you'll never make progress
Chapter 2 The Brain’s Adaptability
about our brain
The structure and operation of the brain change in response to various types of mental training
The brain is like a muscle, it gets bigger the more you practice it and has unlimited adaptability.
If you practice doing something enough, your brain will repurpose certain neurons to help complete that task
subtopic
The importance of getting out of your comfort zone
homeostasis
The human body has a tendency to prefer stability
As long as physical exercise does not disrupt the body's homeostasis mechanism, it will basically not cause physiological changes in the body.
Regular training will cause changes in the areas of the brain challenged by the training, adapting to the challenge by rewiring themselves, and enhancing the ability required to perform the challenge.
process
Stepping out of the comfort zone, compensation occurs, rebalancing occurs, change ceases, re-exceeding the comfort zone, new compensation begins…
branch bending effect
The younger you are, the greater the impact
The difference between traditional learning methods and deliberate practice
Challenging Homeostasis
Case
The Brain of a London Taxi Driver
The highest push-up record is 46001
The area of the musician's brain that controls the left hand is significantly larger
Mathematicians have significantly more gray matter in their inferior parietal lobules
The human body and brain are highly adaptable
Work out hard enough and for long enough and your body will change in various ways
Human potential can be built, not simply discovered
Chapter 3 Mental Representation
deliberate practice
Deliberate practice creates more effective mental representations
Elite
Create highly complex and sophisticated mental representations of the various situations likely to be encountered in this industry
Can use mental representations to make unconscious decisions and automatically analyze objects to make informed decisions
It can help people predict future trends, anticipate more different outcomes, and quickly filter them to propose the most likely actions.
Mental representation: the mental structure that corresponds to what our brains are thinking about
Pre-existing patterns of information (such as facts, pictures, rules, relationships, etc.)
Targeted at a certain industry and specific field
It allows people to process large amounts of information quickly and avoid the limitations of short-term memory.
The difference between outstanding people and ordinary people
Practice changes neural circuits in the brain, creating highly specialized mental representations
Case
Go game
Russian Alekhine: The accidental blind chess master (46 blind chess games)
Ability to focus on overall observation
Ability to focus on specific moves when necessary
The role of mental representation
interpret information
Have developed a mental structure for interpreting and organizing information
New information becomes part of the ongoing story
Can be digested more quickly
transferred to your long memory
organize information
Absorb and consider more information now
Don’t treat information as isolated parts
as part of the whole
Make plans, study
How keenly can you detect the mistakes you have made?
Chapter 4 The Gold Standard
deliberate practice
Purpose: to make up for defects and achieve improvements
Essence: long-term working memory (SSD solid state drive)
Give meaning, code carefully
Store in a better way
Increase your speed and connections
situational rationality
Learn wherever you use it
learning community
Premise: an industry and field that has been reasonably developed
Have objective measures of performance
sufficiently competitive
Has formed a scale
Have mentors and coaches
A whole range of increasingly sophisticated training methods has been developed
Features
Skills to be developed are skills that others have figured out how to improve
Occurs outside one's comfort zone and requires the student to continually try things that are just beyond his or her current abilities
It is intentional and requires people's complete attention and conscious action
Include feedback and efforts to adjust in response to feedback
Both produce effective mental representations and rely on effective mental representations
Focus on specific aspects of skills acquired in the past and then improve those areas in a targeted manner
How to use
Determine who is outstanding
Find out what separates great people from everyone else
Think about what they did and what training methods helped them achieve excellence
What’s wrong and what’s right about the 10,000-hour rule
right
In any industry with a long history
If you want to achieve a career and become an outstanding figure in the industry
It requires a lot of hard work
It takes a long time to settle
wrong
This is a misinterpretation of the author’s research
If you spend 10,000 hours practicing at anything, you will become a master
If you do something long enough, you will be good at it
Naturally, you will not be good at it if you use the wrong method
Ten thousand hours is not a simple repetition
There is no way to improve without feedback
Condition setting
Lack of professional methods
Long-term memory and working memory
bottleneck
Once an acceptable level is reached, repetition cannot break through this level
reason
Sometimes it's what Wang is good at that gets in the way.
Figure out the stagnation point
What mistake did you make?
Design a way to improve that weakness or ask a mentor for help
focus on specific issues
How to break through
Try doing something different, not something harder
Change your thinking, angle, and method
Don’t stop at the borderline, keep your motivation high to continue breaking through
Case
violin playing
Total time spent concentrating on solo practice
Excellent group 3420 hours
Excellent group 5301 hours
Outstanding Group 7401 hours
Chapter 5 Applying Deliberate Practice Principles to Your Work
Ace training plan
train
Simulation
Review
Combat report meeting, including question analysis and impact analysis
Diligence
Improve skills
transcend
Ask yourself
Enlightenment
job training plan
Apply the 4 principles of deliberate practice
Avoid three misconceptions
Human abilities are limited by genetic characteristics
As long as it lasts long enough
To improve, just work hard
Learn by doing
practice on things
Start running first and adjust your posture while running
Criteria for judging whether a method is correct or not
Do several methods force people to go beyond their comfort zones?
Have you provided timely feedback on performance and performance?
What can be done to improve performance and feedback on performance?
Have you identified the industry's brightest minds?
Have you identified what separates outstanding people from the rest?
Is training designed to improve specific skills possessed by outstanding individuals?
Create training tools with feedback
Simulator (Pilot)
Image Gallery (Radiologists)
Case Study Library (Tax Accounting)
New ways to improve your skills
The difference between knowledge and skills - misunderstandings in on-the-job education
traditional method
Find information about correct methods first, then have students apply that knowledge
deliberate practice
Focus on performance and performance, and how to improve performance and performance
Problems with traditional training
Don’t pay attention to skills and pay too much attention to knowledge
It is easier to introduce knowledge than to create conditions for training
The benefits of extensive professional experience are negligible
Didactic intervention: not valuable, but of little use
Lack of effective feedback
Improved Method
Find the benchmark
Identify who is an expert
Adaptive Thinking: A training program to think like a commander
do the right thing
Identify mental representations
Stop while completing a task and describe the current situation, what has happened and what will happen next
Chapter 6 Applying the Principles of Deliberate Practice to Your Life
deliberate practice
First, find a good mentor
Should be successful in the field he is engaged in
Have certain educational skills and experience
When you change yourself, you need to change your mentor
Help you create mental representations so you can monitor and correct your performance
Focus and commitment are crucial
Set clear goals for improvement and progress
Do the movements correctly every time until you can excel in every detail and become an ingrained habit.
Find out where you are lacking and use different methods to improve until you find the right approach
3F principle
Focus
Focus fully on the goal of the exercise
Control various subtle reactions of your body
Instant feedback (Feedback)
Improve your skills by correcting mistakes and refining your skills
every practice
Was an error recognized?
Did you get helpful feedback?
Understand where you are lacking and where you are competent
Crucial to continue practicing
Fix it
Improve your skills by correcting mistakes and refining your skills
every practice
Was an error recognized?
Did you get helpful feedback?
Know where you are lacking and what your uses are
Crucial to continue practicing
Overcoming the stagnation stage
First, figure out what exactly is holding you back
Next, a one-minute exercise to target specific weaknesses
Stay Motivated - There is no universal willpower
Strengthen reasons to move forward
Break down a long journey into a series of manageable goals and focus on one of them at a time
Give yourself a small reward every time you reach a goal
Surround yourself with people who encourage, support and challenge your efforts
Develop habits to help you keep moving forward
Make an agreement with yourself - work hard to return to your previous state and overcome the stagnation stage before giving up.
Case
Franklin's Academic Team, Dan Project
Weaken the reasons for stopping
Do general body care
Set aside a fixed amount of time to practice without other distractions
The time for teaching exercises is limited to about one hour
Chapter 7 Roadmap to Becoming an Outstanding Person
The first stage: generate interest
Adults introduce you to the fields and industries they ended up working in in a playful way
Parents give their children a lot of time, attention and encouragement, and often interact with them
Parents are achievement-oriented and teach their children some important values
Such as self-discipline, hard work, and responsibility
Stage 2: Become serious (motivation must come from the heart of the child)
Help children with schedules, support, encouragement and praise
take steps to intervene
Help children create mental representations
Motivation shifts from external to internal
The third stage: full commitment
Find the best tutors and schools to guide you
Determine the final ultimate goal: to be among the best in this field or industry
other
Adult brains can still cope with learning and change
Learning in adults is likely to occur through different mechanisms than in minors
Case: Adults can also develop perfect pitch
The fourth stage: Pioneering and innovative
Mentors help them create mental representations that they can use to monitor their performance, think about areas that need improvement, and come up with ways to improve.
Trailblazers show what can be done well, and others are better able to learn that skill and follow suit
Just knowing something can be done inspires others to think too
Case
Hungarian psychologist Polgar and his wife Clara
Reference Establishment: Identifying Outstanding Persons
Establish objective and measurable standards
Speculate what makes him outstanding
Propose training methods
Notice
If you find that the method is not working, stop immediately and adjust
If you no longer make progress after making progress (the teacher has nothing to teach you anymore), consider changing your tutor.
When you are at a bottleneck, you should think about adjusting methods or goals. If it is correct, then stick to it and stick to it.
Chapter 8 How to explain natural talent
Genius is the result of deliberate practice
Training time is more important than IQ
The diminishing effect and counter-effect of innate advantages
Self-fulfilling prophecy: Belief in the positive and negative effects of innate talent
Quality and quantity of mental representations
natural talent
Limits thinking and cannot develop a growth mindset
All talents can be trained
IQ only represents fast initial absorption
The key is not to practice, to practice deliberately
self-fulfilling prophecy
Cracking the "Miracle of Pagani Nylon"
Cracking the "Mozart Legend"
Cracking the "miracle of a genius high jumper"
Cracking the "Autistic Wizard"
Chapter 9 Using Deliberate Practice to Create a Brand New World
Teaching Physics Using Deliberate Practice Principles: The Carl Weimann Science Education Program
Deliberate practice changes sports training: focusing on athletes’ mental representations and specific shortcomings
Transform education and learning
First identify what students should be able to do? The goal is skills, not knowledge
Observe what skilled experts do? Understanding the mental representations of experts
Help students create expert-like mental representations
Give students enough time and patience to do it repeatedly and give feedback
You choose to learn necessary knowledge in order to develop skills. Knowledge itself is never the purpose of learning.
Create a whole new world
Become a practitioner and make your life full of possibilities
We are most human when we are improving ourselves