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MindMap Gallery Getting started with k8s and practicing microservice projects

Getting started with k8s and practicing microservice projects

Practical mind map for getting started with k8s and microservice projects. Kubernetes is an open source used to manage containerized applications on multiple hosts in the cloud platform. The goal of Kubernetes is to make the deployment of containerized applications simple and efficient (powerful). Kubernetes provides a mechanism for application deployment, planning, updating, and maintenance.

Edited at 2023-07-24 13:23:28

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Getting started with k8s and practicing microservice projects

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Outline

Getting started with k8s and practicing microservice projects

I. Course Introduction

Background introduction

Market demand

technological competitiveness

Industry development direction

Lecturer Profile

Name: Liu Gang

Working experience: 7 years

work experience:

Senior Lecturer Ke Dinglang

Former head of technical department

Well-known IoT company in Shenzhen Team Leader

Familiar with technical fields: microservices, Internet of Things, cloud native, etc.

Teaching style: continuous high-energy technical point output,

Course Interpretation

For the crowd

Operation and Maintenance Engineer

Java development

Architect

technical manager

pre-learning

must

Basic Linux commands

Docker

Optional

Java microservice development

Redis

Elasticsearch

Prometheus

Jenkins

Module interpretation

Course objectives

In-depth understanding of k8s major resource objects and best practices

Proficient in using various k8s scheduling strategies

Master k8s network principles and applications

Proficient in pod controllers and application scenarios

Proficient in k8s microservice DevOps practice

summary

II. Core Concepts

Get to know Kubernetes

What is Kubernetes?

Why do you need Kubernetes?

Three major stages of application deployment

Traditional deployment

Virtualization deployment

Containerized deployment

Features of k8s

Self-healing

Elastic scaling

Automatic deployment and rollback

Service discovery and load balancing

Confidentiality and configuration management

storage orchestration

Batch processing

Enterprise-level container scheduling platform

Apache Mesos

basic concept

Advantage

Docker Swarm

basic concept

Advantage

Google Kubernetes

basic concept

Advantage

Cluster architecture and components

Related components

Control Panel Component (Master)

kube-apiserver

kube-controller-manager

cloud-controller-manager

kube-scheduler

etcd

node component

kubelet

kube-proxy

container runtime

add-ons

kube-dns

Ingress Controller

Prometheus

Dashboard

Federation

Fluentd-elasticsearch

layered architecture

ecosystem

interface layer

Management

Application layer

core layer

Core concepts and terminology

Classification of services

no status

Represent application

Nginx

Apache

Advantages: Transparent to the client, no dependencies, and can efficiently achieve expansion and migration

Disadvantages: cannot store data, requires additional data service support

Stateful

Represent application

MySQL

Redis

Advantages: Data can be stored independently to achieve data management

Disadvantages: In a cluster environment, it is complicated to implement master-slave, data synchronization, backup, and horizontal expansion.

resources and objects

Classification of resources

Metadata type

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

PodTemplate

LimitRange

cluster level

Namespace

Node

ClusterRole

ClusterRoleBinding

namespace level

workload type

Pod

replicas

controller

Applies to stateless services

ReplicationController(RC)

ReplicaSet(RS)

Label and Selector

Deployment

Create a Replica Set/Pod

Rolling upgrade/rollback

Smooth expansion and contraction

Pause and resume Deployment

Applies to stateful services

StatefulSet

main feature

Stable persistent storage

stable network sign

Orderly deployment and orderly expansion

Orderly shrink, orderly deletion

composition

Headless Service

volumeClaimTemplate

Precautions

Only supported by kubernetes v1.5 and above.

All Pod Volumes must use PersistentVolume or be created by the administrator in advance.

In order to ensure data security, the Volume will not be deleted when deleting the StatefulSet.

StatefulSet requires a Headless Service to define DNS domain, which needs to be created before StatefulSet

daemon

DaemonSet

Task/scheduled task

Job

CronJob

service discovery

Service

Ingress

storage

Volume

CSI

Special type configuration

ConfigMap

Secret

DownwardAPI

other

Role

RoleBinding

Resource list

Object specifications and state

Specification

Status

Microservice project k8s environment demonstration

III. In-depth k8s practical advanced chapter

Build a Kubernetes cluster

Build plan

minikube

kubeadm

Server requirements

3 servers (virtual machines)

k8s-master: 192.168.113.120

k8s-node1: 192.168.113.121

k8s-node2: 192.168.113.122

Minimum configuration: 2 cores, 2G memory, 20G hard drive

It is best to be able to connect to the Internet. If not, you need to have a private warehouse that provides the corresponding image.

Software Environment

Operating system: CentOS 7

Docker：20

k8s:1.23.6

installation steps

1. Initial operation

2. Install basic software (all nodes)

2.1 Install Docker

2.2 Add Alibaba Cloud yum source

2.3 Install kubeadm, kubelet, kubectl

3. Deploy Kubernetes Master

4. Join Kubernetes Node

5. Deploy the CNI network plug-in

7. Test the kubernetes cluster

Binary installation

Command line tools

Command line tool kubectl

Use kubectl on any node

Resource operations

Create object

Display and find resources

Update resources

patch resources

Edit resources

scale resources

Delete resources

Pods and clusters

Interact with running Pods

Interact with nodes and clusters

Resource types and aliases

pods

deployments

deploy

services

svc

namespace

nodes

Formatted output

Output json format

-o json

Print resource name only

-o name

Output all information in plain text format

-o wide

Output yaml format

-oyaml

API overview

type

Alpha

Beta

Stable

Access control

Certification

Authorize

Deprecated api description

Dive into the pod

Pod configuration file

probe

type

StartupProbe

LivenessProbe

ReadinessProbe

Detection method

ExecAction

TCPSocketAction

HTTPGetAction

Parameter configuration

life cycle

Pod exit process

delete operation

Endpoint deletes the pod's IP address

Pod changes to Terminating state

Execute preStop command

Application of PreStop

Registration center is offline

Data cleaning

Data destruction

Resource Scheduling

Label and Selector

Label

Configuration file

kubectl

Create a label temporarily

Modify existing tags

View label

Selector

Configuration file

kubectl

Deployment

Function

create

rolling update

Multiple rolling updates in parallel

rollback

Expansion and reduction

Pause and resume

Configuration file

StatefulSet

Function

create

Expansion and reduction

Image update

RollingUpdate

Grayscale release

OnDelete

delete

delete pvc

Configuration file

DaemonSet

Configuration file

Specify Node node

nodeSelector

nodeAffinity

podAffinity

rolling update

HPA automatic expansion/shrinking

Enable indicator service

CPU and memory indicator monitoring

Custom metrics

Service release

Service

Definition of Service

Command operation

Endpoint

Agent k8s external service

Unified access names for each environment

Access other services outside the k8s cluster

Project migration

Reverse proxy external domain name

Common types

ClusterIP

ExternalName

NodePort

LoadBalancer

Ingress

Install ingress-nginx

Add helm repository

Download package

Configuration parameters

Create Namespace

Install ingress

Basic use

Create an ingress

Multiple domain name configuration

Configuration and storage

Configuration management

ConfigMap

create

Use ConfigMap

Encrypted data configuration Secret

Use of SubPath

Configuration hot update

Directly modify the configmap through the edit command

Replace via replace

Immutable Secrets and ConfigMap

Persistent storage

Volumes

HostPath

Configuration file

EmptyDir

Configuration file

NFS mount

Install nfs

Configuration file

PV and PVC

life cycle

Construct

static build

dynamic build

binding

use

recycling strategy

Retain

Delete

Recycle

state

Available: idle, not bound

Bound: Already bound by PVC

Released: The PVC is deleted and the resources are recycled, but the PV is not reused.

Failed: Automatic recycling failed

Configuration file

PVC

Pod binding PVC

Configuration file

StorageClass

Provisioner

NFS dynamic preparation case

nfs-provisioner

StorageClass configuration

RBAC configuration

PVC is in Pending status

Configure SelfLink

No need for SelfLink provisioner

PVC test configuration

Advanced scheduling

CronJob scheduled tasks

cron expression

Configuration file

Initialize the container InitContainer

stain and tolerance

Taint

NoSchedule

NoExecute

Toleration

Equal

Exists

Affinity

NodeAffinity

RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

PreferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

application

match type

NotIn

Exists

DoesNotExist

Configuration template

PodAffinity

RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

PreferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

Configuration template

PodAntiAffinity

RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

PreferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution

Identity authentication and permissions

Certification

User Accounts

Service Accounts

Service Account Automation

Service Account Admission Controller

Token Controller

Service Account Controller

Authorization (RBAC)

Role

Configuration file

ClusterRole

RoleBinding

Configuration file

ClusterRoleBinding

IV. Operation and maintenance management

Helm package manager

What is Helm?

Helm architecture

important concepts

chart

config

release

components

Helm client

Helm library

Install Helm

Download binaries

Unzip (tar -zxvf helm-v3.10.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz)

Move the helm program in the decompression directory to usr/local/bin/helm

Add Alibaba Cloud helm warehouse

Helm’s commonly used commands

helm repo

List, add, update, delete chart repositories

helm search

Search charts using keywords

helm pull

Pull the chart from the remote warehouse to the local

helm create

Create a new chart locally

helm dependency

Manage chart dependencies

helm install

Install charts

helm list

List all releases

helm lint

Check whether the chart configuration is incorrect

helm package

Package local chart

helm rollback

Roll back release to historical version

helm uninstall

uninstall release

helm upgrade

upgrade release

Detailed explanation of chart

Directory Structure

Redis chart practice

Modify helm source

Search redis chart

Modify configuration installation

Check the installation status

Upgrades and rollbacks

helm uninstall redis

k8s cluster monitoring

Monitoring plan

Heapster

Weave Scope

Prometheus

Prometheus monitoring k8s

Custom configuration

Create a ConfigMap configuration

Deploy Prometheus

Configure access permissions

Service discovery configuration

System time synchronization

Monitor k8s cluster

Get node container resource usage from kubelet

Exporter monitors resource usage

Network detection for Ingress and Service

Grafana visualization

basic concept

Data Source

Dashboard

Organizations and users

Integrate Grafana

Deploy Grafana

service discovery

Configure the Grafana panel

kube-prometheus

Replace domestic mirror

Modify access entry

Install

Configure Ingress

uninstall

ELK log management

ELK composition

Elasticsearch

Filebeat

Logstash

Kibana

Integrated ELK

Deploy es search service

Deploy logstash data cleaning

Deploy filebeat data collection

Deploy kibana visual interface

Kibana configuration

Kubernetes visual interface

Kubernetes Dashboard

Install

Configure all permission accounts

Dashboard usage

kubesphere

Locally stored dynamic PVC

Install

Enable pluggable components

Rancher

Kuboard

V. Spring Cloud Alibaba microservice DevOps practice

DevOps environment setup

Gitlab

Install GitLab

Page configuration

Configure Secret

Configure webhooks for your project

uninstall

Harbor

Install Harbor

Configure Secret

SonarQube

Install SonarQube

Generate service token

Create a webhook service

Create project

Jenkins

Build jenkins image with maven environment

Install Jenkins

Install plugin

Build Authorization Token Root

Gitlab

SonarQube Scanner

Node and Label parameters

Kubernetes

Config File Provider

Git Parameter

Create gitlab access credentials

Case: SpringBoot project CICD

Configure node labels

Create pipeline project

Webhook build trigger

Pipeline script configuration

Check/create relevant credentials

Harbor mirror warehouse credentials

Gitlab access credentials

kubeconfig file id

SonarQube credentials

Add SonarQube Webhook

Project build

Microservice DevOps in practice

Project build

Project environment

MySQL

Nacos

Redis

MongoDB

Elasticsearch

RocketMQ

Serve

API gateway

User service

Goods and Services

flash sale service

Front-end service

JenkinsCICD

Create pipeline project

Extended Choice Parameter

Kubesphere DevOps

Turn on DevOps

Integrate SonarQube

Update settings.xml

Deployment project

Spring Boot project

project

ks-cicd-demo

Configuration file

harbor-secret

Microservice project

project

ks-shop-dev

ks-shop-flashsale

Configuration file

harbor-secret

DevOps projects

Spring Boot project

assembly line

cicd-demo

Configuration

gitlab-user-pass

harbor-user-pass

kubeconfig-id

Build parameters

branch

version number

Microservice project

assembly line

flashsale-cicd

Configuration

gitlab-user-pass

harbor-user-pass

kubeconfig-id

Build parameters

Serve

frontend-server

shop-parent/api-gateway

shop-parent/shop-uaa

shop-parent/shop-provider/flashsale-server

shop-parent/shop-provider/product-server

Namespaces

snapshots

releases

Number of copies

version number

branch