MindMap Gallery Key Notes on Foreign Literature History
Key notes on the history of foreign literature, including contemporary oriental literature,Western medieval literature,modern oriental literature,Renaissance etc.
Edited at 2024-09-05 09:51:50루미 : 영적 각성의 10 차원. 당신이 자신을 찾는 것을 멈출 때, 당신은 당신이 찾고있는 것이 당신을 찾고 있기 때문에 우주 전체를 찾을 것입니다. 당신이 매일 인내하는 것은 당신의 영의 깊이의 문을 열 수 있습니다. 침묵 속에서 나는 비밀 영역으로 미끄러 져 내 주변의 마법을 관찰하기 위해 모든 것을 즐겼으며 어떤 소음도 만들지 않았습니다. 날개로 태어 났을 때 왜 기어 다니는 것을 좋아합니까? 영혼은 그 자체의 귀를 가지고 있으며 마음이 이해할 수없는 것들을들을 수 있습니다. 모든 것에 대한 답을 내면으로 찾으십시오. 우주의 모든 것이 당신 안에 있습니다. 연인들은 어딘가에서 만나지 않으며이 세상에는 이별이 없습니다. 상처는 빛이 당신의 마음에 들어가는 곳입니다.
만성 심부전은 심박수 속도의 문제가 아닙니다! 심근 수축 및 이완기 기능의 감소로 인해 심장 출력이 불충분하여 폐 순환에서 정체와 체계 순환의 혼잡을 유발합니다. 원인, 유도에서 보상 메커니즘에 이르기까지, 심부전의 병리 생리 학적 과정은 복잡하고 다양합니다. 부종을 제어하고, 심장의 전선 및 애프터로드를 줄이고, 심장 안락함 기능을 향상시키고, 기본 원인을 예방하고 치료함으로써, 우리는이 도전에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있습니다. 심부전의 메커니즘과 임상 증상을 이해하고 마스터 링 방지 및 치료 전략을 이해함으로써 우리는 심장 건강을 더 잘 보호 할 수 있습니다.
허혈-재관류 손상은 기관이나 조직이 혈액 공급을 회복시킨 후 세포 기능 및 대사 장애 및 구조적 손상이 악화 될 것이라는 현상입니다. 주요 메커니즘에는 증가 된 자유 라디칼 생성, 칼슘 과부하 및 미세 혈관 및 백혈구의 역할이 포함됩니다. 심장과 뇌는 흔한 손상 기관이며 심근 대사 및 초 구조적 변화, 심장 기능 감소 등으로 나타납니다. 예방 및 제어 조치에는 자유 라디칼 제거, 칼슘 과부하 감소, 신진 대사 개선 및 저 나트륨, 저온, 저압 등과 같은 재관류 조건을 제어하는 것이 포함됩니다. 이러한 메커니즘을 이해하면 효과적인 치료 옵션을 개발하고 허혈성 손상을 완화시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
루미 : 영적 각성의 10 차원. 당신이 자신을 찾는 것을 멈출 때, 당신은 당신이 찾고있는 것이 당신을 찾고 있기 때문에 우주 전체를 찾을 것입니다. 당신이 매일 인내하는 것은 당신의 영의 깊이의 문을 열 수 있습니다. 침묵 속에서 나는 비밀 영역으로 미끄러 져 내 주변의 마법을 관찰하기 위해 모든 것을 즐겼으며 어떤 소음도 만들지 않았습니다. 날개로 태어 났을 때 왜 기어 다니는 것을 좋아합니까? 영혼은 그 자체의 귀를 가지고 있으며 마음이 이해할 수없는 것들을들을 수 있습니다. 모든 것에 대한 답을 내면으로 찾으십시오. 우주의 모든 것이 당신 안에 있습니다. 연인들은 어딘가에서 만나지 않으며이 세상에는 이별이 없습니다. 상처는 빛이 당신의 마음에 들어가는 곳입니다.
만성 심부전은 심박수 속도의 문제가 아닙니다! 심근 수축 및 이완기 기능의 감소로 인해 심장 출력이 불충분하여 폐 순환에서 정체와 체계 순환의 혼잡을 유발합니다. 원인, 유도에서 보상 메커니즘에 이르기까지, 심부전의 병리 생리 학적 과정은 복잡하고 다양합니다. 부종을 제어하고, 심장의 전선 및 애프터로드를 줄이고, 심장 안락함 기능을 향상시키고, 기본 원인을 예방하고 치료함으로써, 우리는이 도전에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있습니다. 심부전의 메커니즘과 임상 증상을 이해하고 마스터 링 방지 및 치료 전략을 이해함으로써 우리는 심장 건강을 더 잘 보호 할 수 있습니다.
허혈-재관류 손상은 기관이나 조직이 혈액 공급을 회복시킨 후 세포 기능 및 대사 장애 및 구조적 손상이 악화 될 것이라는 현상입니다. 주요 메커니즘에는 증가 된 자유 라디칼 생성, 칼슘 과부하 및 미세 혈관 및 백혈구의 역할이 포함됩니다. 심장과 뇌는 흔한 손상 기관이며 심근 대사 및 초 구조적 변화, 심장 기능 감소 등으로 나타납니다. 예방 및 제어 조치에는 자유 라디칼 제거, 칼슘 과부하 감소, 신진 대사 개선 및 저 나트륨, 저온, 저압 등과 같은 재관류 조건을 제어하는 것이 포함됩니다. 이러한 메커니즘을 이해하면 효과적인 치료 옵션을 개발하고 허혈성 손상을 완화시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
History of Foreign Languages
ancient western literature
Ancient Greece
Hersey: Work and Time, Theogony
Aristotle: Poetics, Plato, Sappho
Menander New Comedy, The Hater. Hellenistic period, describing love stories and family relationships
Features: Humanistic color and concept of destiny, coexistence of reality and romance, many types, groundbreaking, sources of material for later works
ancient rome
Virgil Aenesky, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Donkey, Horace Poetry
Aeneski
The beginning of the European literati epic, the first in the world
Praise the sanctity of the Roman Empire and show the hardships of the founding kings
early christian literature
New Testament
Ancient Greek mythology
god story
Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Apollo, Earth Mother, Athena
hero legend
Originating from ancestor worship, Marx praised Prometheus
Characteristics: personification, humanism, rich imagination, vivid content, status influence, high ideological and artistic quality
Influence: The source of the theme in later generations, the characters and stories became allusions and spread, influencing European thought and culture
The earliest epic poem in ancient Greece: Homer’s epic
Ilion
War theme, two wraths, the golden apple trigger of discord
Akka is lost: Son of God and man, model of male beauty, three-dimensional and diverse character, brave in battle, heroic spirit, safeguarding personal honor and dignity
Odyssey
Adventure themes, the journey home at sea for revenge, the idealized early slave owners
Artistic achievements: compact structure, smooth and beautiful verses, the highest quality works of European literature
Ancient Greek drama, Dionysian sacrifice
tragedy
Ace, the father of tragedy, determined by God and man
Thos Homer of Art, Oedipus the King, Divine Destiny
Osse Stage Philosopher Midea Rending
comedy
Aristophanes, father of comedy
King Oedipus
Cable, the conflict between personal will and destiny, heroism and kindness but no results, a perfect example of tragedy
Western Medieval Literature
church literature
The dominance of orthodox literature in the Middle Ages, based on the Bible, asceticism, thoughts on the afterlife, maintenance of feudalism, and church power
chivalric literature
The product of the feudal system of European chivalry, the elegant love between knights and ladies, affirming the pursuit of real life, impacting church literature, Song of the Dawn
urban literature
Based on real life, exposing the feudal lords, praising the citizens' intelligence, verse, satire, lyricism, drama, the legend of Lenacus, the battle of wits and courage between the lower class and the upper class
Dante
Ideological Content of Divine Comedy
Religiousness: The structural framework and ideas conveying Christianity
Humanistic thought: God represents the love and faith of Christianity and the world, and affirms individual personality.
Artistic features
Rigorous conception, symbolism, combination of virtuality and reality, rich characters and proverbs
Renaissance
The Decameron
Anti-abstinence is the main idea, anti-church, praises human nature, advocates love, affirms secular life, promotes individual liberation, praises the intelligence and bravery of businessmen and craftsmen, and affirms the life attitude of the emerging bourgeoisie
literary renaissance
14-16, bourgeois ideological and cultural movement, humanism as the center, anti-religion and feudalism, Laura, Italy
humanism
Human nature opposes divinity, values science and opposes ignorance, liberation of individuality opposes asceticism, and unity opposes separatism.
french literature
The Seven Stars Poetry Society, Montaigne, Longsard, ordinary people's language and creations are divorced from the aristocratic tendencies of the masses.
Rabelais, plebeian literature
spanish literature
Tramp novels, vagrants and lower-class citizens, Koseko
Cervantes Don Quixote, humanist writer
British literature
Qiao Sou's story collection, Thomas' Utopia
University intellectuals
Don Quixote
Tragedy➕comedy elements, humanist
Artistic achievements: satirical art, contrast, exaggeration to create characters, transforming chivalric novels into humanist ideological propaganda, humorous and vivid language
shakespeare
Historical Drama Henry. The four major comedies are all powerful. Legendary Drama Xin Dongyu
Hamlet's character image: humanist, contradiction between ideals and reality, hesitation in revenge, representative of humanistic ideas and propaganda of feudal forces
Artistic achievements: vivid plot, inner conflicts and conflicts describing the character's inner character, language master style, organic combination of character personality
17th century literature
British bourgeois literature
Milton, Paradise, Hercules, Bunyan Road
French Classical Literature
Politically support the royal power and national interests, absolutely obey rationality, pay attention to the rules of creation, Corneille, Racine, Boileau
Three rules, a script can only have one plot clue, the same place, no more than one day and night
baroque literature
The content is pessimistic and decadent, the vocabulary is overlapping, and the style is confusing. Manoliri
Molière
A talented woman, an aristocrat who talks in words. Representative hypocrite. miser, don juan, hater
The miser and loan shark Abagong reveals the evil of money worship and the distortion of human nature by money.
Hypocrite, Orgon, Tartuffe, Dorina. The embodiment of hypocrisy, defrauding trust to achieve despicable purposes. Gluttony, greed for money, and lust are extremely harmful. Exposing the hypocrisy of the nobles who reported on them left Orgon with nothing.
Artistic achievement: basically meets the requirements of classicism, breaks through limitations, has a tragic meaning, absorbs folk drama, comedy, farce, comedy of customs, legendary drama, and enhances the comedy effect
18th century literature
Enlightenment, centered in France
British literature
Defoe, Crusoe, pioneer of modern novels
The first modern novel Richard, Pommel
Fielding, the most accomplished realist novelist
Sentimentalism, Stern, sentimental travel, emphasizes the power of emotion, focuses on describing the misfortune and pain of characters, arouses readers' sympathy, and pave the way for the rise of romanticism
French Classical Literature
Voltaire, leader of the Enlightenment, Candide
Diderot Encyclopaedist, Nephew
Rousseau, The Highest Achievement, Nouveau Héloé, Autobiographical Confessions
German Enlightenment Literature
Raisin, leader, builder of German national drama
Sturm und Drang: Godeweit, Schiller plot love, advocate individual liberation, advocate feelings, return to nature, national consciousness
Goethe: Faust
Two bets - God and the devil. The devil makes a bet with faust
Five stages of tragedy: knowledge, life, politics, beauty, career
The image of Faust: the contradiction between spirit and body, which goes through five stages of pursuit. From low level to high level. Self-improvement, enterprising, exploratory, outstanding bourgeois intellectual
The dialectical relationship between Faust and the devil: Faust is really stupid and sure of his spirit. The devil is the opposite and represents evil. The evil of the devil objectively guides Faust to find the true meaning of life and promotes Faust to do good.
Artistic achievement: The form is eclectic, it is a poetic drama, and it also has dramatic characteristics. The poetry has diverse rhythms and a large number of symbols, metaphors, and allusions (appearing many times in Greek mythology and the Bible)
19th century literature
romanticism
Subjective emotions, expressing yourself. Praise the love of nature. Back to the Middle Ages, exaggeration, contrast, bizarre plots
german romanticism
source. The Jena School was the earliest, the Heidelberg School, and the Berlin School. Heine
U.K.
Lakeside faction: disgusted with the indifference and money relationship of capitalist civilization. Praising rural life and lakeside scenery, collection of Chinese, Ke, Sao, lyrical ballads
France
Victor Hugo, Romantic Rider
Musset, French Shakespeare, Confessions of the Century
Alexandre Dumas, The Musketeers, Monte Cristo. Little Dumas La Traviata
Russia
Pushkin, the father of Russian literature, Onegin the first superfluous person, and the postmaster the first little person
Zhukovsky: the first lyric poet
Lermontov, the second superfluous man, the contemporary hero Pycholin
Eastern Europe: Petofi, freedom and love, is winter far behind when spring comes?
USA
Edgar Allan Poe, The Scarlet Letter, Whitman, the greatest poet of Romanticism, Leaves of Grass. Cooper, Irving, the father of American literature
Byron, England
Eastern narrative poetry: including pagans, pirates, etc. The common characteristics are arrogance, loneliness, stubbornness, contempt for civilization, resistance to the existing social system, and the courage to fight against evil society
Don Juan: Spanish aristocrat, innocent, kind-hearted, brave and enthusiastic, dissociated from others, narrates traditional customs and hypocritical morals, has the courage to resist oppression and slavery, and pursues individual liberation and freedom. At the same time, he is cynical, self-indulgent, weak-willed, and lacks life goals.
Don Juan's artistic achievements: bitter satire, ridicule of numerous taxes. It is full of romance and legend, like cannibalism at sea. With strong lyricism and innovative metrical language, it is the highest achievement of oral style in the history of British poetry.
Hugo
French writer, humanitarian thought
The artistic achievements of Les Misérables: the height of philosophy and aesthetics, using the artistic principle of strong contrast between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, weaving a thrilling storyline, shaping unusual characters, and showing the desperate struggle between light and darkness. The heroine was robbed and rescued, the ugliness and beauty on the outside, the sanctimony on the outside and the ugliness on the inside of Fabi and Claude
Pushkin
Image of superfluous person: Born in a noble family, with progressive thoughts and high cultural attainment, who hates the upper class, but does nothing, lacks action and ability, and has no clear goals in life.
Artistic features: The characters and environment are typical. It is a product of the era of Russian T-shirt aristocratic young intellectuals. They pursue ideals but are divorced from reality and stay away from the people, achieving nothing. The characters are in sharp contrast, indifference and romance. The male protagonist's feelings are false, while the female protagonist Tatyana's feelings are sincere.
19th century realist literature
Characteristics: Use literature as a means of research and analysis, value freedom and equality, fraternity, and humanitarianism, and safeguard human dignity and value.
realism in france
Mérimée Carmen, Flaubert Madame Bovary, Xiao Dumas La Traviata (a prostitute pursues love but kindly gives up)
in England
Thackeray Vanity Fair, Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights
in russia
Naturalism, founded by Gogol and expounded by Belinsky, reflects life, exposes the darkness of serfdom, and writes about the suffering fate of the lower classes.
Little people: cowardly, timid, bullied people, showing humanitarian thoughts. Gogol, Tostovsky
Turgenev, famous in Hunter's Notes, Luo Ting's second superfluous person
Ostrovsky, the father of Russian national comedy. The first image of the newcomer the night before
Other countries: Danish Andersen, The Matchmaker, The Ugly Duckling American Abolitionist Literature Uncle Tom, Harriet German Werth, the first important poet of the proletariat
Standal: Racine and Shakespeare, Part I Armance, Appreciation of Balzac at the Abbey of Baina
red and black, rena, moll Image of Julien: Resistance yet compromise, sincerity yet hypocrisy, a typical example of personal struggle among petty bourgeois intellectuals
Symbolic meaning
Country: Red represents the great achievements of the Napoleonic era. Black represents the dark rule of the dynastic church during the Restoration period
Personal: Red represents the ambitious and talented Julien, black represents his rise to the upper class society by putting on the black robe of a priest.
art achievement
In terms of plot structure, the traditional closure transitions to the modern openness. Many characters with distinct personalities Deep psychological analysis of character behavior
old man tall
Party members, serious literature, the beginning of realism Human Comedy: General name for creation, more than 90 works including Eugenie, Goriot and others Philosophy, analysis, customs research, using realism techniques, the fortunes and decline of the bourgeoisie, and the omnipotence of money to expose and criticize the capitalist money society
The ideological content of human comedy
Reflecting the criminal history of the bourgeoisie
It reflects the history of the decline and fall of the aristocratic class, with scenes of tragedy unfolding around the fight for money. Money rules everything.
The image of the young man Goriot
A typical young careerist, he received his first lesson in social education from his wife. Vautrin taught the second lesson, and the death of Goriot taught the third lesson, burying the last tear of his young man at the same time.
art achievement
Character creation, psychological description, and plot structure have reached a high level of achievement. The characters have distinct personalities and different description methods. The secondary characters also appear vividly on the page, each with its own characteristics.
The Tragedy of Father Goriot's Love
A typical bourgeois who loves money more than his daughter. The relationship between bourgeois families is purely about money.
A Tale of Two Cities
Humanistic thoughts, famous as Peak, long and difficult, Paris and London, the French Revolution, the infatuated man Carton
The image of the doctor: the embodiment of humanitarianism, kindness and forgiveness
Artistic achievement, diverse and unified structure, rigorous and orderly, focusing on feeling the world, realism, suspense and symbolic artistic techniques
Gogol
The father of Russian prose, the comedy imperial minister, and the representative work of Dead Souls
Cove, the big liar businessman, five landowners
Juche idea: The portrayal of the image of the landlord, one more despicable, ugly and reactionary than the last, reflects the decadence and decline of serfdom, and reveals the necessity and urgency of social change.
Artistic achievements: Realistic brushwork, not seeking vivid storylines, but focusing on character, not seeking to be exhaustive, but grasping the main characteristics of the character and focusing on rendering and strengthening, portrait description, and special environment and atmosphere to bring the characters to life.
Tearful smile: The funny and sad elements of life, exaggeration and irony. Behind the smile is deep sorrow, leaving no place to hide the wretchedness, emptiness and boredom of life.
Yevsky Crime and Punishment
Representative crime and punishment: surrendering in fear after murder.
Ideological content: Discussion on the philosophy of superman and the truth of rights, and examination of the subconscious mind in human behavior. Protest against social injustice, artistic depiction of the phenomenon of the jungle, unable to find a solution, seeking religious atonement ideas
Diverse literature at the end of the 19th century
realism
Maupassant, Daudet, Hardy, O. Henry, Yi Bu Sheng, Chikov, Tolstoy
naturalism
brother, france Emphasizing the realism, reproducing nature, emphasizing objectivity, avoiding subjective feelings, and highlighting learning, represented by Zola
early symbolism
The Flower of Evil is the first to open up, advocating that reality is illusory, inner feelings are real, and inner truth
aestheticism
France does not go along with the ugly reality, advocates art for art’s sake, pays attention to diction, rhythm, portraits of Godina and Wilde
Paris Commune Literature
Baudier, The Internationale
Hardy
Britain, 19th century, realism
Character and Environment Novels for Sykes Novels
Image of Tess: being harmed and insulted, but never wanting to bow her head to fate, a pure girl, with a fatalistic concept, believing in fate, always treating misfortune with tolerance and self-sacrifice, tragedy has its own factors, reflecting the tragic change in the fate of the majority of farmers. abbreviation
anna karenina
Realism, childhood, youth and youth
Anna is an aristocratic woman who pursues individual liberation, a tragic figure who is strangled by hypocritical moral constraints. The conflict between her character and social environment caused her tragedy The internal reason lies in her unique personality
Tolstoy's Resurrection Characters
Maslova, a typical lower-class woman who was harmed and insulted
Nekhludoff was a typical repentant aristocrat
Artistic achievement: a single plot line depicts a broad social life Extensive use of contrast techniques to depict artistic images and characters Detailed depiction of character psychology Pay attention to detailed description, character appearance and living environment
Yi Bu Sheng
Norway, the father of modern drama Social issue drama: Taking daily life as a theme, it analyzes social problems, triggers thinking, and guides people to reform social shortcomings.
Nora's image: a father-in-law who pursues individual liberation, is carefree, and has pure humanity. He is also determined, strong-willed and hard-working. female
Artistic achievements: relatively major themes, daily life, retrospective method Introduce discussion into drama and make good use of foreshadowing
Mark Twain
America, Realism, Part 1, The Gilded Age, Representative Works by Fein
Fein's ideological content: Strong pursuit of freedom and opposition to racial discrimination and serfdom. During Huck's struggle to help Jim gain freedom, his rebellious character further developed. At first he did not let Jim go, but later he overcame his prejudice and saved him.
Artistic features
He is good at depicting children's psychological characteristics, using dialects and common sayings, and combining romantic lyricism with realistic depictions.
Realist literature of the early 20th century
Soviet Union
The Silver Age: Marx and European Literature Enter Russia, Destruction, Meeting Fans
Unfreezing Literature: Questions of Response Focus on the Fate of Characters, Ellenburg, Quietly on the Don, Encounter
Trench Realist: The author has personally experienced war, including Bonda, Buck, and Shellman
Panoramic novel, a novel narrating the history of war
Europe and America
French Romain Rolland Stove British Lawrence's son lover, Golding Stephan, a strange woman from Germany, a good man from Sichuan American O. Henry, The Gift, Theodore, The American Tragedy, Jack London Martin, Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, The Great Gatsby
Gorky
Realism Cherkash, old woman Romanticism, Haiyan Revolution
Contents of Mother's Thoughts: A new historical era of world proletarian literature has been unveiled. Cruelty arouses cynicism and criticism. Witnessing the shaking of the old life order triggers longing for the future and romanticism. The older generation of workers suffers from their tragic fate and the new generation awakens. Strive to grasp reality in the actual development process
The image of mother Nilovna: an old-style housewife...a determined revolutionary image, deeply oppressed by the triple oppression of the regime's patriarchal power and theocratic power. Her mother's arrest completed the transformation from timid and fearful to a determined and fearless revolutionary.
hoff
Masterpiece Quietly on the Don, Nobel Prize for Literature
Image of Gregory: a wavering character, a model of exploration and pursuit, hardworking and kind, simple, prejudiced, blind worship of military honor
Artistic achievement: A powerful and epic work with extremely successful character creation. The psychological changes of the characters are complex and subtle, placing the characters in the background of social life and nature
Romain Rolland
Stove: A musical novel, with strong musical color in structure and form, relying on music to promote the development of the storyline.
Hemingway
Part One: The Sun Rises, The Peak of the Lost Generation, Farewell to Arms and Death Knell
The Lost Generation: After World War I, some American youth suffered from mental trauma, depression, emptiness, and collapse of faith. They immersed themselves in art to repair and comfort themselves.
Iceberg Selection: Use concise words to create a distinct image. The author's emotions are hidden in the image, and the emotions are abundant and contained, allowing readers to feel the profound thoughts.
Tough guy image: If Hemingway had the image of a male protagonist, he would have a strong character, be brave and upright, and have no fear in the face of suffering. The body can be defeated, but the spirit cannot be broken.
Symbolic meaning: Santiago (human spirit), Marlin (ideal of life), the old man and the big fish (people are tired of pursuing the ideal of a better life and strive endlessly), the sea (the ever-changing social life), shark (the tragic fate that cannot be escaped) ), lion (courage and strength)
20th century modernist literature
Modernist literary school: emphasizes the expression of modern consciousness, centered on the sense of crisis and absurdity, the confusion of modern people, and profoundly reflects the basic relationship between people and society, nature, people, and themselves.
Late Symbolism: Eliot, Valerie Cemetery, Pound Metro Station
Expressionism: Against creation divorced from reality, Kafka,
Surrealism: France, born out of Dadaism, Freud, advocating dreams, represented by Jin Dongnajia
Stream of consciousness novel: The writer withdraws from the novel and uses psychological time to express the characters' thoughts, activities and feelings, using association and inner monologue. Joyce, Proust, Wolfe Waves, Faulkner Turmoil
Existentialism: France, based on existential philosophy, promotes the absurdity of the world, the pain of life, Sartre, confinement, and the plague
Theater of the Absurd: France, Absurd Techniques, Bald Showgirl, Waiting for Godot
New School of Novel: France, abandoning characters and plots, replacing people with things, anti-novel school, Simon Griet
Black humor: Comedy form expresses tragic content, Heller's military rules
Magical Realism: Latin America, the perception of magical colors expresses real life
Eliot: Britain, Late Symbolism
The symbolic meaning of the wasteland: the creative use of symbolic techniques, the use of allusions, and the creation of images. The title is somewhat symbolic, water, fire and thunder
Artistic Achievements: Symbols, Intentions, Allusions, Stream of Consciousness Techniques
kafka czech
Expressionism, the originator of modernist novels
Metamorphosis short stories, other long stories
The theme of alienation in Metamorphosis: the protagonist turns into a beetle, which profoundly reveals the alienation phenomenon in capitalist society. He loses his free thinking and becomes a non-human being. In the money-worshiping society, people become money machines.
Artistic achievements: the blending of modernism and realism, the blending of true descriptions of reality and illusory stories, the combination of absurd stories and real details, absurd techniques to build alienation, real and credible details to enhance the credibility of the story, Kafka Typical novel
Kafkaesque, expressing people's fear of loneliness, absurd world and alienation themes, the details are truly grotesque, symbolic and autobiographical.
Sartre
French Existentialism, trilogy without confusion, reprieve, heartache, script flies
Confinement ideological content: Representative of the situation drama, through the story that takes place in hell, it continues the theme of walls and free choice. The absurd form points out the importance of freedom to people, and the importance of action in changing survival. If you don’t act or change, then others will be in hell
Artistic achievement: Strange conception, the scene is in hell. Rendering the extreme characteristics of hellish situations. The symbolism of drama, contradictions and conflicts in stage design, etc.
Situational drama: provides people with a certain environment, and the characters freely choose their own actions, create their own essence, express their character and destiny, existential drama
Beckett
Ireland Pioneer of Postmodern Literature Trilogy Decline
Waiting for Godot thoughts: anti-traditional rationality, irrational world, tramps anxiously and endlessly waiting for the world to be revealed, the pain of absurd life, and the despair of Westerners who hope to change their living situations but are unable to achieve it.
Symbolism: The homeless man’s futile wait sums up the human condition Desire to change the situation, but unable to achieve helplessness. multiple open
Marquez
Colombia Magical Realism Novel Novel Dead Trees Novel Cholera
Thoughts on One Hundred Years of Solitude: The loneliness of Latin America, the efforts, setbacks and failures of seven generations of the Buendia family over the past century, confirming the reality of the ignorance and backwardness of Colombia and Latin America, the reappearance of the history of isolation and colonization, and hope. Misfortune will never happen again
Artistic Achievements: Magical details and bizarre narratives achieve the effect of magnifying the real reality. Magical colors everywhere, care for reality, a lot of symbols and hints, and more profound meanings
ancient oriental literature
Characteristics: Distinctive folk literature, passed down by people orally Strong religious overtones, Old Testament. Rich genres, ballads, legends, epics, poems, stories
Ancient Babylonian Literature: Gilgamesh, a compilation of ancient Babylonian myths and stories
Ancient Egypt, the Book of the Dead, including mythological poems, songs, etc., reflects the ancient Egyptians' fantasy of continuing their prosperity and wealth to future generations, papyrus scrolls
Ancient Hebrew: Old Testament
Jewish scriptures, 39 The law has not created the people's destiny Prophet Yiyeeahah History Poetry Song of Songs
Artistic achievements: wide range of themes, splitting the heavens and the earth, God on earth Various sports, prose, epic, novel, drama Rich imagination, many characters, real feelings The characters are distinct: Moses is determined, David is good at fighting, and Solomon is witty and rich.
Ancient India: Vedas, the earliest poetic documents, with themes of life and religion, recording ancient Indian witchcraft, religion, philosophy, pear, ah
Two major epics: Moko, heroic epic Rama: A Wandering Story Little mud truck, soul talk
Kali
Outstanding poet and playwright of ancient India, Indian Shakespeare
Character image of Shakuntala: an ideal woman, innocent, gentle and sentimental, strong and brave, willing to commit herself regardless of everything, condemning the king for having the courage to break up, a kind-hearted woman who was humiliated, persecuted and dissatisfied
Artistic achievement, euphemistic and ironic, implicit but not explicit, unique structure, good use of different realms to set off characters, beautiful and vivid language, and emotional expression of the characters.
Oriental Medieval Literature
Characteristics: Unprecedented prosperity in creation, prosperity of multi-ethnic literature, mutual exchanges and influences, folk literature is particularly developed, and many genres
Japan
Huai Feng Zao, the earliest collection of Chinese poetry Manyoshu, the earliest collection of Japanese songs, Mt.
North Korea
Chunxiang Chuan, bitter cold chant
Vietnam
The Legend of Jin Zuoqiao
persia
Rudaki, the father of poetry, his later years, Chronicles of Kings
The Heroic Epic, Sadie, The Orchard and the Rose Garden, Hafi's Drinking Song
Arab
Hanging poems, each year poems are written on linen and hung in the Kaaba.
Quran
Islamic classics and Arabic literary prose masterpieces
one thousand and one nights
Plot frame structure, the prime minister's daughter tells the story to the king as the beginning Rich oriental sentiment and bold romantic fantasy in artistic techniques The language is rich in poetry and prose, and the combination of rhyme and prose has spread to all over the world.
Sadie
poet's prophet, orchard, rose garden
Garden of Roses: 8 Volumes, Words of Warning Humanitarianism: Deep sympathy for the people at the lower levels, excellent virtues of self-reliance, concern for the country and the people, warning rulers to be merciful and not to brutally exploit the people, and boldly exposing the hypocrisy and tricks of the upper class to deceive the people. Artistic features: a wide range of themes, from emperors to folk, cities to deserts, a combination of rhyme and prose, rich poetry and prose, and rich in philosophy
modern oriental literature
India
Bengali, Rabindranath Tagore, the first Asian Nobel Prize for Literature, Gitanjali, a collection of religious and philosophical poetry Ji: Nobel, dedication, collection of religious lyric poems, expressing beautiful ideals of life through praise to God, praising great rivers and mountains, and expressing one's patriotic enthusiasm
Gora
Patriotic intellectuals, upright and upright, with religious prejudices and conflicts with reality
Artistic Achievements: Character dialogues are full of argumentation and the characters are vivid Lyrical style and successful psychological description
Japan
Natsume Soseki, I Am a Cat, the first three love stories follow the door, and the last three love stories are beyond the hearts of the people.
The image of the novice monk: cowardly, incompetent, a product of modern Japanese society, a weak person who criticizes the current ills, is dissatisfied with the status quo, lacks a sense of social responsibility, is unable to grasp the trend of the times, has lost his life goals, and is at a loss what to do.
I am a cat's critical nature: mocking the ugly things of capitalism, the dark evils of Meiji society, the aggressive and exaggerated militarism, the education system that is divorced from reality, and the historical picture of Meiji society,
Features of I Am Cat art: no twists and turns in the plot, taking the cat’s experiences and feelings as the main line, and focusing on the characters’ activities to express flexible and free expressions The most outstanding art of humor and satire, plain language, popular and breath of life
modern oriental literature
Characteristics: anti-invasion, oppression, realism-based
Japan
Pursuit of artistic beauty, New Sensationism, Hengguang
North Korea
Li Qiyong, hometown
India
Premchand
Realism, the founder of India, the king of novels, the rural-themed work Boai New Village, and the representative work Godan
Godan sacrifices cows and He Li reveals the sharp class contradictions in the countryside and describes the epic of rural life in India.
He Li's image: Suffering farmer, hard-working, kind-hearted, compassionate, sure that he will suffer losses and not let others suffer, bound by religious thoughts, fatalistic
Ideological content: Under the unfair social system, bureaucratic landlords, loan sharks, and Brahmins have joined forces to form an airtight network. From different angles, they bully the peasants with ruthless and greedy plunder. The unreasonable caste system tortures low-caste farmers The collusion between colonialism and peasant feudal forces was the root cause of the increasing poverty of peasants.
Arabs in America
Arab writer living in America, Gibran, prophet
Prophetic thought: full of dialectical philosophical spirit, embodying the highest and latest ideological realm that humanism can achieve, and creating a path for prose poetry.
Artistic achievements: Rich imagination in style, intense subjective emotions Rich philosophy in creation The language pays attention to antithesis, metaphor and personification, and musical language.
egyptian modernism
hussein day
contemporary oriental literature
Distinctive political tendencies, increasingly prosperous literary and cultural exchanges around the world, and distinctive national characteristics
Japanese post-war school: writers after World War I who emphasized the supremacy of art and independence from politics
Indian Interregional Literature, Arabic Egyptian Novels Pyramid, Mahazford Trilogy
Nobel, his representative work Palace Street, three stages of creation, history, realism, modernist philosophical novels
Gongjian Street Thought: Use the changes in three generations of the family to describe the decline and collapse of traditional feudal forces and the growth and development of democratic forces, reflecting the growth of the patriotic movement.
Artistic achievements: complete layout, shaping characters from multiple angles, revealing inner complex human nature, psychological description of modern novels, broadening the inner world of characters, only writing about daily life, but integrating politics, culture, thoughts and customs, with a high degree of contemporary and profound ideological
African Grand Prize winner: Soyinka 1986, Senghor, founder of modern African poets
Kawabata Yasunari
The World of Beauty, 1968 Nobel Prize, representative work Snow Country
Komako: Writer's works, image of geisha She has an innocent and kind personality, is diligent and hard-working, and lives tenaciously. Describe her character from her daily life and treatment of love. It does not represent the image of someone who actively resists, nor does it represent the image of a vulgar degenerate, but the image of a geisha with a certain enterprising spirit.
Artistic achievements: poetic lyricism, blend of Japanese tradition and Western stream of consciousness, character creation through various means
Kawabata Yasunari’s aesthetic characteristics: pursueable beauty, traditional natural beauty, unrealistic illusory beauty, decadent sensual beauty Incorporate sovereign colors into the beauty of nature, enrich associations and metaphors with the colors, lines and sounds of natural scenery, and express them artistically