MindMap Gallery Optical activity of amino acids
Optical activity refers to the ability of a compound to rotate the plane of polarized light. Chirality in amino acids arises from the presence of asymmetric carbon atoms, leading to handedness (D or L). Stereoisomerism describes different spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules with the same chemical formula but different physical properties.
Edited at 2024-12-09 09:51:06In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Optical activity of amino acids
Definition of optical activity
Property of certain molecules to rotate planepolarized light
Inherent characteristic of chiral molecules
Chirality in amino acids
Amino acids are chiral except glycine
Presence of four different substituents on the αcarbon
Stereoisomerism
Two forms of chiral molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images
D and L configurations in amino acids
Enantiomers
Two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other
Amino acids have Lconfiguration as the biological standard
Specific rotation
Measure of the degree of optical rotation
Expressed as α (specific rotation)
Depends on wavelength, temperature, and solvent
Racemic mixture
Equal amounts of D and L enantiomers
Optical rotation cancels out, resulting in zero specific rotation
Optical purity
Measure of the enantiomeric excess of one enantiomer over the other
Calculated using specific rotation values
Fischer projection
Twodimensional representation of threedimensional molecules
Used to depict the absolute configuration of amino acids
D and L amino acids
D amino acids have the hydroxyl group on the right in the Fischer projection
L amino acids have the hydroxyl group on the left in the Fischer projection
Biological significance
L amino acids are predominantly used in protein synthesis
D amino acids are less common but play roles in bacterial cell walls and certain peptides
Methods of determination
Polarimetry
Measuring the rotation of planepolarized light
Chromatography
Separating enantiomers using chiral stationary phases
Spectroscopic methods
NMR with chiral shift reagents
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy
Applications
Pharmaceutical industry
Development of chiral drugs
Food industry
Determination of amino acid content in food products
Biotechnology
Enzymatic reactions and protein engineering