Features
Features:

Product Tour >

Edraw AI >

Paid Plans:

Individuals >

Business >

Eduaction >
Resources
Blog

History

How-tos & Tips

Discovery

Biography

Business Analysis

Examples

AI concept Map

Free AI Mind Map Generator

Onenote Mind Map

Bcg Matrix Examples

Nike Marketing Strategy

Unilever SWOT Analysis

Make Mind Maps in Google Docs

Guide

FAQs

What's New

Resource Center
Templates
All Templates

Brain Storming Templates

Strategy and Planning Templates

Project Management Templates

Product Management Templates

Human Resources Templates

Agile Workflow Templates

Marketing Templates

Education Templates

Fun and Games Templates

User Gallery
Download
Pricing
Enterprise

kidney(3)

This is a mind map about kidneys. This mind map can help you familiarize yourself with the key points of knowledge and enhance your memory. Students in need can save it.

Edited at 2024-11-21 08:45:55

EllaGrace

Recent works View more works>>

kidney(3)

EllaGrace

Recent works View more works>>

Recommended to you
Outline

kidney

Location

Located on both sides of the renal column, in the retroperitoneal space, it is an extraperitoneal organ

Left kidney: between the lower edge of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the 2nd-3rd lumbar intervertebral disc

Right kidney: between the upper edge of the 12th vertebral body and the upper edge of the 3rd lumbar vertebral body

Renal hilum: approximately at the level of the first lumbar vertebra

Renal area: The body surface projection of the renal hilum is located at the angle between the lateral edge of the erector spinae muscle and the 12th rib.

form

Substantial star: one on the left and one on the posterior abdominal wall, in the form of broad beans

inner edge

Renal hilum: The place where the blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels and renal pelvis of the kidney enter and leave.

outer edge

Front: raised

Back: relatively flat, close to the posterior abdominal wall

Upper end: wide and thin

Lower end: narrow and thick

structure

renal parenchyma

nephron

renal corpuscle

glomerulus

glomerular filtration

Glomerular filtration: When blood flows through the glomerular capillaries, Except for protein, all other components in plasma can be filtered Enters the renal cyst cavity to generate ultrafiltrate

Glomerular filtration rate: two kidneys per unit time (per minute) The amount of ultrafiltrate produced

Filtration fraction: the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to renal plasma flow

Glomerular effective rate overpressure: forces and countermeasures to promote ultrafiltration The difference between the resistance of ultrafiltration

Determining factors

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure promotes Intracapsular pressure of the kidney against Plasma colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries antagonism Colloidal osmotic pressure of intrarenal capsule fluid promotes

Factors affecting glomerular filtration

glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

Effective filtration pressure

glomerular capillary pressure intracystic pressure blood colloid osmotic pressure

renal plasma flow

renal capsule

renal tubules

divided into

proximal tubule

proximal straight tubule

Thin section: The tube diameter is thin and the tube lumen is small, which is conducive to the passage of water and ions.

distal tubule

distal straight tubule

Substance transport function of glomerulus and collecting duct

Passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and solvent drag

active transport

Primary: proton pump, sodium pump, calcium pump

Secondary: including syn-post-retrograde transport

reabsorption secretion

Proximal tubule/front half (active transport) \Second half (passive transfer)

Medullary loop/ascending limb segment-passive dissimilation and diffusion \Thick segment of ascending branch-Na, K, 2Cl-symporter active reabsorption

Distal tubule-Na-Cl-symporter

Cl: In the thick ascending branch of the medullary loop, it is actively reabsorbed by Na, K, 2CI-symporters, and other parts are passively reabsorbed.

water (osmotic pressure)

proximal tubule-isotonic reabsorption Distal tubule and collecting duct - non-isotonic, regulated by antidiuretic hormone

HCO3-: reabsorbed as CO2 in the proximal ostium

Secretion of H: proximal tubules, distal tubules, and collecting ducts can all secrete

K: 65%~70% is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, 25%~30% is reabsorbed in the medullary loop

Ca: 70% in the proximal tubule, 20% in the medullary loop, 9% in the distal tubule and collecting duct, less than 1% is excreted

Glucose and amino acids

Proximal tubule: 100% glucose reabsorption, secondary active transport

renal glucose threshold

The maximum capacity of the proximal tubule to absorb glucose

Normal value: 180mg/100ml Maximum transfer rate: 300mg/100ml

Urea

The proximal tubule can absorb 40% to 50% of the urinary toxins filtered by the glomerulus

The influence of small blood vessels on urea osmotic gradient

Influencing factors

Concentration of solute in tubular fluid

glomerular-collecting duct balance

collecting tube

arcuate collecting tube

Straight collecting duct: The diameter of the tube changes from thin to thick, and the epithelium of the tube wall gradually changes from a single layer of cuboidal epithelium to a single layer of columnar epithelium, until the papillary duct becomes a tall columnar epithelium.

nipple duct

renal interstitium

Fibroblasts in the medulla, also called lipid-laden interstitial cells, can synthesize fibers and matrix in the interstitium and produce prostaglandins.

parabulbar complex

Location: Vascular Pole

composition

Juxtaglomerular cells: eh, eh, transformation of carnosacral arteriole cells, large cells, cuboidal round nuclei, weakly basophilic cytoplasm, secretory granules containing renin

Macula densa: epithelial transformed cells in the distal tubule are tightly arranged in columns, the basement membrane is incomplete, and Na changes are felt.

Extrabulbar mesangium

filter membrane

The inner layer is capillary endothelial cells. There are many small holes with a diameter of 70~90nm on the cells, called fenestrae.

The middle becomes the capillary basement membrane, containing components such as type IV collagen, laminin and proteoglycan, and is negatively charged.

The outer layer is the renal capsule epithelial cells with foot processes, also known as podocytes

adjacent to

left kidney

Anterior upper part: adjacent to the back of the fundus of the stomach

Anterior middle part: in contact with the pancreatic tail and splenic vessels

Anterior lower part: adjacent to the jejunum and left curve of the colon

right kidney

Anterior and upper part: adjacent to the liver

Anterior and lower part: in contact with the right flexure of the colon

Inner edge side: adjacent to the descending part of the duodenum

behind both kidneys

Upper 1/3: adjacent to the diaphragm

Lower part: from inside to outside: adjacent to the psoas major, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles

Kidney capsule (dense connective tissue)

fibrous capsule

fat sac

renal fascia

Characteristics and characteristics of renal blood flow

Renal blood flow: the blood flow flowing through both kidneys in normal adults under resting conditions

Regulation of renal flow

Autoregulation: Without the influence of external nerves and body fluids, when arterial blood pressure is at a constant The phenomenon that renal blood flow can remain constant when it changes within a certain range

Nervous and humoral regulation

Adjustment by other factors

Renal segmental arteries and renal segments

Renal artery: divides into two branches at the renal hilum, namely the anterior branch and the posterior branch

Segmental renal arteries: The five branches of the renal arteries are distributed segmentally in the kidney.

Renal segment: Each renal segment artery distributes to a certain area of renal parenchyma.

Other functions of the kidneys

Can synthesize prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and has the renin-angiotensin system

Medullary loop (single flat)