Standard-ATX, Mini-ATX, Micro-ATX, ITX, etc.

Data bus:

Address bus: used to specify the address of data stored in RAM (Random Access Memory).

Control bus: transmits signals from the microprocessor control unit (ControlUnit) to peripheral devices

Expansion bus: can connect expansion slots and computers.

Local bus: an expansion bus that replaces higher-speed data transfers

① North and South Bridge Structure

② MCH ICH architecture

③ PCH architecture

④Single chip architecture

Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, VIA

Main frequency

FSB

Front side bus frequency

cache

bus width

Package form

① The external structure of the hard disk - a high-precision hardware that integrates mechanics, electricity, and magnetism. It consists of a power interface, a data interface, a control circuit board, and other parts. The outer shell and bottom plate of the hard drive are combined into a sealed whole, called the disk body.

②The physical structure of the hard disk - the data stored in the hard disk is based on the principle of electrical and magnetic conversion.

③ Logical structure of the hard disk - There are many concentric circles on each disk of the hard disk, which are called tracks. The tracks are divided into many segments, called sectors. Each sector usually stores 512 bytes. Tracks with the same position on each side together form a cylinder. There is usually one head on each disk surface. All heads are mounted on a common bracket or load-bearing device and move radially in or out uniformly, rather than moving individually.

① Master boot sector

② Operating system boot sector

③ File allocation table

④ Directory area

⑤ Data area

① Classification

② Capacity

③ Speed

④ Cache

⑤ Average seek time

⑥Data transfer rate

The memory stick is a channel that connects the CPU and other devices and plays the role of buffering and data exchange. Memory is a semiconductor storage unit that uses data and instructions, including RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory) and cache).

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM): Synchronous dynamic random access memory, once the most widely used memory type on PCs

DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM is a double data transmission mode

DDR2 SDRAM DDR2 memory can read and write data at 4 times the speed of the external bus per clock, and has 2 times the memory pre-reading capability of DDR

DDR3 SDRAM

DDR3L low voltage memory

① Storage capacity

②Access speed

③ Working frequency

④ Interface type

⑤ CL settings

The key factor in dual-channel implementation is that there are two memory controllers built into the motherboard northbridge or CPU. Both memory controllers can operate in parallel.

Only memory with the same capacity, the same structure (such as single-sided, double-sided or the number of memory chips, the bit width of each chip and other parameters must be the same) and the same brand (the SPD information of different brands of memory may be different) DIMM1 DIMM3" 'DIMM2 DIMM4' and 'DIMM1 DIMM2 DIMM3 DIMM4' can establish dual-channel mode.