Regular monitoring: measure your blood pressure regularly to know your blood pressure level.

Lifestyle intervention: such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, weight loss, etc., can help control blood pressure.

Drug treatment: If blood pressure continues to rise, antihypertensive drugs should be used rationally under the guidance of a doctor.

Blood sugar monitoring: Regularly detect fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin to understand blood sugar control.

Diet control: Follow the principles of diabetes diet and control the intake of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Exercise therapy: Proper exercise can help lower blood sugar levels.

Drug treatment: Use hypoglycemic drugs or insulin rationally according to blood sugar conditions.

Blood lipid examination: Regularly check blood lipids, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Diet adjustment: Reduce the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, and increase the intake of dietary fiber and unsaturated fatty acids.

Drug treatment: If blood lipids are abnormal, lipid-lowering drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

Weight monitoring: measure your weight regularly and calculate your body mass index (BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height ² (m²)).

Reasonable diet and exercise: Keep your weight within the normal range (BMI 18.5 - 23.9) by controlling your diet and increasing exercise.

Mechanism of action: Inhibits platelet aggregation and prevents thrombosis.

Commonly used drugs: aspirin, clopidogret, etc.

Precautions: During use, please pay attention to observe whether there is any bleeding tendency, such as nose bleeding, gum bleeding, skin ecchymosis, etc.

Mechanism of action: Reduces cholesterol levels and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques.

Commonly used drugs: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, etc.

Note: Regularly review liver function, creatine kinase and other indicators, and pay attention to any adverse reactions such as muscle pain, fatigue, etc.

Mechanism of action: slow down heart rate, lower blood pressure, and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.

Commonly used drugs: metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc.

Precautions: Pay attention to changes in heart rate and blood pressure during use and avoid sudden discontinuation of medication.

Mechanism of action: Improve myocardial remodeling, lower blood pressure, and protect heart function.

Commonly used drugs: ACEI such as captopril, enalapril, etc.; ARB such as losartan, valsartan, etc.

Precautions: Pay attention to monitoring kidney function and blood potassium levels during use. Dry cough is a common adverse reaction of ACEI. Those who cannot tolerate it can use ARB instead.

Mechanism of action: dilates coronary arteries and increases blood supply to myocardium.

Commonly used drugs: nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, etc.

Note: Sublingual nitroglycerin can be used to relieve angina pectoris attacks. It should be stored away from light when using it. It has a short validity period.

Principle of the surgery: Take your own blood vessels (such as the internal mammary artery, great saphenous vein, etc.) to establish a new channel between the proximal and distal ends of the coronary artery stenosis or obstruction, so that the blood can bypass the stenosis and reach the distal myocardium.

Applicable situations: Severe coronary atherosclerotic heart disease such as multivessel coronary artery disease and left main artery disease.

Postoperative recovery: You need to take antiplatelet drugs for a long time after the operation, pay attention to wound care, and conduct regular reviews.

Surgical method: Using catheter technology, a balloon dilation catheter is sent to the stenosis of the coronary artery to dilate the blood vessel, and then a stent is inserted to open the narrow blood vessel wall and keep the blood vessel open.

Applicable situation: Localized stenosis of single or multiple coronary arteries.

Postoperative precautions: You need to insist on taking antiplatelet drugs, statins, etc. after surgery, observe whether there are complications such as chest pain, bleeding, and regularly review coronary angiography.

Purpose of surgery: used to treat bradyarrhythmia by stimulating the heart by sending electrical pulses to restore the heart to a normal beating rhythm.

Applicable situations: sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block, etc.

Postoperative care: avoid being close to strong magnetic fields and review pacemaker function regularly.

Surgical method: Remove the diseased heart valve and replace it with an artificial heart valve (mechanical valve or biological valve).

Applicable situations: Severe heart valve disease, such as mitral valve stenosis or insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency caused by rheumatic heart disease, etc.

Postoperative management: Long-term use of anticoagulants (mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation, while biological valves require shorter anticoagulation times), and regular review of coagulation function.

Assessment: Comprehensive assessment of the patient’s cardiac function, exercise capacity, mental state, etc.

Exercise prescription: Develop a personalized exercise plan based on the assessment results, including exercise type, intensity, time, frequency, etc.

Dietary guidance: Give reasonable dietary advice and control the intake of calories, fat, cholesterol, etc.

Psychological support: Provide psychological counseling to help patients relieve anxiety, depression and other negative emotions and build confidence in recovery.

Early activities: After the condition stabilizes, start physical activities in bed as early as possible, such as turning over, raising legs, etc., and gradually transition to sitting, standing and walking beside the bed.

Aerobic exercise: such as walking, jogging, cycling, etc., can improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance exercise endurance.

Power training: Properly conduct the strength training of the upper and lower limbs, such as using dumbbells, elastic bands, etc., but you need to pay attention to controlling the strength of the movement to avoid excessive fatigue.

Psychological counseling: Professional psychological counselors provide psychological counseling to patients to help them cope with the psychological pressure caused by the disease.

Support group: Organize patients to participate in cardiac rehabilitation support groups, where patients can exchange experiences and encourage each other to enhance their confidence and motivation for recovery.