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MindMap Gallery vestibulocochlear organ (ear)

vestibulocochlear organ (ear)

This is a mind map about the vestibulocochlear apparatus (ear). The ear is mainly divided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part has a unique function and works together to complete the tasks of hearing and balance.

Edited at 2024-11-09 12:02:47

21_ethanSawyer

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vestibulocochlear organ (ear)

21_ethanSawyer

Recent works View more works>>

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Outline

vestibulocochlear organ (ear)

Overview

composition

Vestibular apparatus (position sensor)

Cochlear organ (hearing organ)

Divisions and functions

external ear

middle ear

Collect and conduct sound waves

Inner ear - receives sound waves and positional stimulation

external ear

auricle

Composition: elastic cartilage skin

Features: less subcutaneous tissue, abundant blood vessel nerves

Clinical: Earlobe blood collection

external auditory canal

Location: Between the external ear door and the tympanic membrane

Division: The outer 1/3 is the cartilage part, facing backward and upward; the inner 2/3 is the bony part, facing forward and downward.

Structural features

Thin skin and less subcutaneous tissue

There are abundant sensory nerve endings, so pain is obvious during inflammation

There are hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands in the skin.

Methods for clinical examination of the tympanic membrane: adults - pull the auricle backward and upward, infants - pull the auricle backward and downward (because the external auditory canal is short and straight, the periosteum is relatively horizontal)

eardrum

position, form

The oval-shaped translucent membrane between the external auditory canal and the tympanum

The inward depression in its center is called the tympanic umbilicus, and is attached to the end of the malleus handle.

branch

pars flaccida

Location: upper 1/4 area

Features: Thin and loose

Living color: light red

Department of tension

Location: the lower 3/4 area

Characteristics: Tenacity, nervousness

Live color: off-white, with light cone on the front and lower part

middle ear

Located between the outer ear and inner ear, mostly within the petrous part of the temporal bone

Tympanic cavity (contains the ossicle chain and two skeletal muscles)

Upper wall: tegmen tympanum, a thin plate of bone that separates the tympanum from the middle cranial fossa

Inferior wall: Jugular vein wall: a thin bone plate that separates the tympanum from the origin of the internal jugular vein

Anterior wall: Carotid artery wall, the posterior wall of the carotid canal, with the opening of the Eustachian tube above the wall

Posterior wall: mastoid wall, with the opening of the mastoid antrum, through which the opening communicates with the mastoid chamber.

Lateral wall: tympanic membrane wall

Medial wall: Labyrinth wall, the lateral wall of the inner ear

ossicles

Arrangement: malleus, incus, stapes

The three listen to the small bone chain through the joints, and the sound waves shake to the inner ear

Eustachian tube

Location and opening: Located between the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity, the opening of the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube and the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, the opening of the tympanic opening of the Eustachian tube and the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity

Characteristics and significance of Eustachian tube in children

Wider, short, level

Pharyngeal infection can easily spread to the tympanum, causing otitis media

Mastoid antrum and mastoid cells

Mastoid cells are many small air-containing cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone, which are connected to each other. The front part of the mastoid chamber expands into the mastoid antrum.

inner ear

Location: In the petrous part of the temporal bone between the tympanum and the floor of the internal auditory canal

endolymph and perilymph

Endolymph: fills the membranous labyrinth

Perilymph: fills the spaces between bones and membranous labyrinths

Endolymph and perilymph are not connected to each other

bony labyrinth

It is a tortuous bony tunnel surrounded by dense bone in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Cochlea

Located in front of vestibule

form

The tip faces forward and is called the cochlear crest.

The tip faces backward and is called the cochlear base.

It consists of a worm spiral tube surrounding the worm shaft 2.5 times.

There are three ducts in the cochlea, namely the scala vestibule, scala tympani, and cochlear duct (belonging to the membranous labyrinth).

Traffic between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

There is no way at the bottom of the snail

Connected by cochlear hole at top of snail

vestibule

The cavity in the middle of the bony labyrinth

transportation

forward cochlea

It passes through the semicircular canals of the bone through 5 holes posteriorly.

bony semicircular canals

It is three "C" small tubes, which are vertically vertically, divided into front, rear, and outer bone semi -regulatory

Each tube has 2 legs

single bone foot

Ampulla bony foot (the enlarged part is the bony ampulla)

The single bony crura of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals are combined into a common bony crura

interconnected

membranous labyrinth

It is a membranous tube and sac located in the bony labyrinth. It is divided into cochlear duct, utricle and saccule, and membranous semicircular canal, which are connected with each other.

cochlear duct

Location: Located in the spiral tube

Morphology: filled with endolymph, triangular in cross section

There are 3 walls

Upper wall: vestibular membrane (vestibular wall of cochlear duct)

Lower wall: called the spiral membrane (basal membrane), on which there are auditory receptors called the spiral organ (organ of Corti)

utricle, saccule

Location: In the vestibule

Sacculus: located in the front and lower part, smaller

Utricle: located behind and above, larger

utricle and saccule spots

They are position sense receptors located in the utricle and saccule respectively.

Feel the position of the head when it is still and the stimulation of linear variable speed movement

membrane semicircular canals

The membranous semicircular canals within the bone crura are also enlarged and are called membranous ampullae.

Ampullar ridge: Located on the wall of the ampulla of the membrane, it is a position sense receptor that senses the stimulation of head rotation and variable speed movement.

sound wave conduction path

Air conduction: sound waves → auricle → external auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicular chain → vestibular window → scala vestibular perilymph → vestibular membrane → cochlear endolymph → spiral organ → cochlear nerve → center

Bone conduction: sound wave → skull → bony labyrinth → perilymph → endolymph → spiral organ → cochlear nerve → center