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nuclear membrane

This is a mind map about the nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane is a double-layer structural membrane located at the junction of the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The following is a detailed introduction to the nuclear membrane. I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

Edited at 2024-11-07 22:51:44

21_ethanSawyer

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nuclear membrane

21_ethanSawyer

Recent works View more works>>

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Outline

nuclear membrane

chemical composition

Lipids: also similar to endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins: histones, regulatory proteins, various enzymes (very similar to endoplasmic reticulum enzymes)

Various parts and their functions

Outer nuclear membrane: connected to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with ribosomes attached, and the cytoplasmic surface connected to the cytoskeleton (maintaining the shape of the nucleus and fixing the nucleus)

Inner nuclear membrane: Smooth and parallel to the outer nuclear membrane. The composition, structure and function of the inner nuclear membrane are quite different from those of the outer nuclear membrane.

Perinuclear space: between the inner and outer nuclear membranes, it serves as a buffer and is connected to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It contains a variety of enzymes.

Nuclear lamina: a fibrin network close to the inner nuclear membrane (actually an intermediate fibrin)

Supports the nuclear membrane

Its phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are related to the disintegration and reconstruction of the nuclear membrane

Binds to part of the chromatin and cannot spiral during interphase. It can only be used when lamin is depolymerized. It helps maintain the stability of chromatin and plays an important role in regulating gene expression.

Nuclear pore complex: a complex structure composed of multiple proteins (the fish cage structure is shown below)

Divided into several parts:

Cytoplasmic ring: 8 short fibers symmetrically distributed on the ring

Nucleocytoplasmic ring: 8 short fibers are also symmetrically distributed on the ring, and the ends of the fibers form a small ring composed of eight particles, called the nuclear basket.

spoke:

Divided into three parts: columnar subunit (bolting the cytoplasmic ring and nucleoplasmic ring), intraluminal subunit (anchoring the nuclear pore complex), and ring subunit (in the central part of the nuclear pore, within the columnar subunit)

Central plug: a transport protein located in the center of the nuclear pore

Function

regionalization

It provides a spatiotemporal barrier for gene expression, ensuring transcription first and then translation, so that the expression of genetic information is orderly and efficient.

Control the entry and exit of substances (bidirectional, the size of the nuclear pore can be adjusted)

Nuclear import of nucleophilic proteins

Nucleophilic protein: a protein synthesized by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm and transported to the nucleus through the nuclear pore (contains a nuclear localization sequence, unlike the signal peptide, which will not be removed after being transported into the nucleus)

with the help of importin receptors

The general process: the receptor binds to the nucleophilic protein outside the nucleus to form a transport complex, combines with the fibers of the cytoplasmic ring, moves in the nuclear pore, and is transferred into the nucleus. The transport complex binds to a GTP-binding protein, the nucleophilic protein. Dissociated, other receptors return to the cytoplasm for reuse

Nuclear export (ribosome large and small subunit, RNA): There are export proteins in the nuclear pore complex that can recognize RNA molecules and transport them out of the nucleus.

Protein synthesis (ribosomes attached to outer nuclear membrane)