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Buddha fear system
This is a mind map about the Buddha-fear system. The main contents include: postscript, others, society is a large system, emotional life system, daily work system, learning and research system, career and development system, and preface.
Edited at 2024-11-06 11:32:24
- 곤충학
이것은 곤충학에 대한 마인드 맵으로, 곤충의 생태와 형태, 생식 및 발달, 곤충과 인간의 관계를 연구하는 과학입니다. 그것의 연구 대상은 곤충으로, 가장 다양하고 가장 많은 수의 동물이며 생물학적 세계에서 가장 널리 분포되어 있습니다.
- 자녀의 내부 동기 부여를 개발하는 방법 기업가를위한 실용 가이드
이것은 어린이의 내부 동기를 육성하는 방법에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 기업가를위한 실용적인 가이드, 주요 내용 : 요약, 7. 정서적 연결에주의를 기울이고, 과도한 스트레스를 피하십시오.
- 자동화 된 프로젝트 관리 템플릿
이것은 자동화 프로젝트 관리 템플릿, 주요 내용에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 메모, 시나리오 예제, 템플릿 사용 지침, 프로젝트 설정 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 디자인 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 수요 분석 단계 (What-Why-How)에 대한 마인드 맵입니다.
Buddha fear system
- 곤충학
이것은 곤충학에 대한 마인드 맵으로, 곤충의 생태와 형태, 생식 및 발달, 곤충과 인간의 관계를 연구하는 과학입니다. 그것의 연구 대상은 곤충으로, 가장 다양하고 가장 많은 수의 동물이며 생물학적 세계에서 가장 널리 분포되어 있습니다.
- 자녀의 내부 동기 부여를 개발하는 방법 기업가를위한 실용 가이드
이것은 어린이의 내부 동기를 육성하는 방법에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 기업가를위한 실용적인 가이드, 주요 내용 : 요약, 7. 정서적 연결에주의를 기울이고, 과도한 스트레스를 피하십시오.
- 자동화 된 프로젝트 관리 템플릿
이것은 자동화 프로젝트 관리 템플릿, 주요 내용에 대한 마인드 맵입니다. 메모, 시나리오 예제, 템플릿 사용 지침, 프로젝트 설정 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 디자인 검토 단계 (What-Why-How), 수요 분석 단계 (What-Why-How)에 대한 마인드 맵입니다.
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- Outline
Buddha fear system
Preface
Jump out of the passive response mode of "one thing, one discussion", adopt a bird's-eye view, use systematic thinking, and "systematically" consider and arrange a series of things
think strictly and calmly
The basic manifestations of being knowledgeable are having methods, confidence, and a sense of control. We must see through the appearance of the world, see the mathematical and logical nature behind it, and realize that this world is very, very reasonable.
How to deal with the world
Ancient wise men: Mastering cause and effect. What we really care about is not the result after the incident, but the cause of the incident, and paying attention to the signs of the development of the incident.
Bodhisattvas fear causes, ordinary people fear results, and Buddhas fear systems.
A gentleman should know the slightest thing, and when he walks on frost, he will know that the ice is coming.
Modern people: To govern life to a certain extent requires a global perspective, complete thinking, and systematic
The real world is complex. ① There are multiple causes. ② There is a constant chain of cause and effect. It is unclear which cause is the original and which is fundamental. ③ The real world is full of uncertainties.
system
A system is a whole, an organization, a framework, and a complete thinking
If there is a system, the success or failure of individual cases is not important. What you have to worry about is not whether the things will work, but whether the system will work.
Buddha fear system
Systems require planning and design, requiring the use of mathematics and logic
For every type of problem in life, you can establish a coping system
career and development system
four kinds of good luck
blind randomness
Completely uncontrollable and of minimal use
chance to escape
Use quantity to ensure quality. The foundation of creation is diligence. Whether an idea is feasible or not will only be known if you try it.
Determined by action, can be fought for at any time, most commonly used, best used,
prepared mind
Mind is the key, only those with a mind can see value through the connection (creation) of ideas
It requires knowledge, and all you have to compete with is your previous efforts.
Knowledge also has a compound interest effect, that is, the greater your knowledge, experience, business, and social network, the higher your sensitivity and the more likely you are to notice new opportunities.
Attractiveness of personality
The most attractive persona is something special about you (a special experience), and the rarest good things often require extremely special conditions.
It is the product of self-struggle and historical journey. It will not work without hard work or just hard work. It depends on the call of mission.
secret project
A big thing that you do in private, it is not an ordinary hobby, it is very serious, you make progress every day, and finally reach a very high level.
The key is to have a sense of alienation when doing this project, and you should work on it independently. The sense of alienation can stimulate creativity and bold thinking.
Better at understanding complex problems, better at handling conflicting information, and better at coping with uncertainty
Create a secret project in addition to your main business, absorb nutrients from outside the circle, not have too close communication with the circle, retain some originality, and contribute new things to the circle you belong to.
X factor
Scott Adams proposed that it is the factor that makes people tolerate all the shortcomings of your product for this factor. Adams's insight is that a good product must have X factor. Someone will like it as soon as it comes out, and someone will know that it is a good product.
Success can be iterated into more success, but failure cannot be iterated into success. If the market response proves that it does not have X factor, maybe you should change the project and continue looking, rather than stick to this project to the end.
The X factor is to verify whether anyone particularly likes this, and it is the popularity. It’s something that takes you beyond mediocrity. There is no X factor in the standard configuration. You need to find the X factor first before thinking about anything else.
To study successful people, you have to study their X factors. Especially those who seem to have many shortcomings but are extremely successful must have a strong X factor.
The X factor of writing
The topic you want to write about needs to excite you.
The X factor must be some kind of independent exertion on your part.
The writing process should be smooth and the work should be enjoyable.
The experience of a “small” businessman
"Ten Differences between Millionaires and the Middle Class"
Three rules for small businessmen: ① You always discover business opportunities by chance, ② These opportunities are often fleeting, ③ Successful people always act decisively
Regardless of the macroeconomic situation when the company was founded, the probability of survival is almost the same.
Promotion, Loss of Control and Acting
Promotion represents ability and power, but also represents responsibility and danger. What determines the speed of promotion is how well you act.
The real danger comes from temptation, especially the temptation to gain greater power. The answer to avoid danger is to remember that you are "just acting". The social role is only a part of you. You still have that part of yourself. Don't be too involved in the role. , you won’t be swallowed up by the character.
You can only be yourself, someone who needs to bring personality and make the system develop in a new direction. Both the system and you need to retain your personality,
Four means of obtaining rights
It is not an independent path, it is best to use it comprehensively
four means
1. Strong dominant behavior
Direct intimidation, attack or oppression is the oldest and most direct and effective method for obtaining rights in the animal kingdom.
It doesn't matter whether you are a bad person or not
Be strict with your subordinates, assign tasks to them fairly, and reward good and punish evil with kindness and power.
2. Political behavior
Distinguish between friends and enemies, form alliances, win over and attack, establish good relations with the superiors, and control the key figures below
It has a lot to do with opportunities and interpersonal relationships, and is greatly affected by objective factors.
3. Public welfare behavior
Generous people are always more likely to gain power and help others solve difficulties and problems
4. Capacity behavior
Reputation behavior can bring benefits to the team and contribute to everyone
Hard indicators
Being an extrovert is the easiest way to gain power
Three characteristics: ① Good at social interaction, able to chat with anyone; ② Energetic, always in a passionate and energetic state; ③ Decisive, capable of judgment and decision-making, and dare to make decisions.
What exactly is “profit”?
The most worthwhile pursuit of work is profit
risk
Risk: A risk with a known probability that can be solved with insurance
Also called: accidental uncertainty, statistical uncertainty
Uncertainty: The probability cannot be assessed. Uncertainty is the reason for the existence of entrepreneurs and the source of profits.
Also called Knight uncertainty, epistemic uncertainty, system uncertainty
typical black swan
It is impossible to make money without scarcity, but profits only appear during the period when a certain scarcity has just been mastered and others have not yet caught up.
Uncertainty one: Zhang Weiying said that over the years of China’s reform and opening up, the biggest uncertainty in business activities is “the uncertainty of the system, the uncertainty of policies, and the uncertainty of government actions.”
This uncertainty has increased the gap between rich and poor in China. The "visible hand" is precisely reducing the total profit, and the "visible hand" provides additional uncertainty, which brings unreasonable gaps to people.
Other uncertainties: uncertainty about future population changes, resource supply, innovation, and human desires.
The most fundamental thing in life is to explore in the field of value, to strive to discover new types of value, rather than to maximize production and enjoyment according to existing values. The ultimate task of life is not to satisfy a certain value, but to discover and create new value
As long as you push the world around you a small step in the direction you want, it will be considered your success.
"Free Prospector" and "Stable Copper Miner"
Free prospectors are the correct scientific research system, and stable copper miners are China's scientific research system.
China excessively pursues "fair and impartial" quantitative management. It doesn't care whether it is copper ore or gemstones, or practical issues. It only recognizes papers. It also gives scientific researchers a stable income and a relatively high status, and makes them happy to "raise" them.
A career that starts as a freelance prospector will always evolve into a stable copper miner. The proportion of "generalist" tasks with interdisciplinary vision is very small, and the living space for craftsman scholars is getting bigger and bigger.
But this kind of life is actually unsustainable. The mainstream will eventually face difficulties. We just don’t know when the difficulties will come.
Freedom and stability are in conflict with each other, prestige and status are two pursuits, and innovation is essentially uncontrollable. Real scientists and entrepreneurs are rebels. Without realizing this, talking about "innovation" is like Mr. Ye's love for dragons.
Three characteristics summarized in the development of artificial intelligence
Scholars conduct research to solve problems, not to publish papers
The idea that is so popular now was not mainstream in the field when it first came out. It is a story of "a small group of people fighting against the establishment."
Success comes from interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, biology teachers, brain scientists and mathematicians
treasure hunter thinking
Two modes of thinking
Staff mentality: Just want to do the "right" things, which is called the "top student mentality". Everything you do is what you have planned and must do.
treasure hunter thinking
Investment portfolios have a strong tail effect. The key to investing is not to pick out missed opportunities, but to move in volume.
Improve judgment and ability to do things well: choose those potentially good things and work hard to do them well
You must increase the quantity. Don’t expect miracles. Quantity brings quality.
Seizing good things often means taking action quickly. Sometimes you can't think too much, and you can't expect to make a decision before taking action.
Institutionalized school education and step-by-step work have tamed people too honestly, and they have to actively search for good things.
learning and research systems
Full coverage level reading
High-level reading - full coverage: you have read all the books; you know all the people; you have a sense of intellectual control over the entire situation, and you know what is going on as soon as someone takes action.
Establish a sense of cognition: We read not to remember what each book is about, but to build our own "cognitive sense" of the world. This sense of cognition is often indescribable and to a certain extent is " Implicit learning”
Our reading cannot be based on books, but must be based on ourselves and the cultivation of cognitive sense.
Books that should be read intensively: Familiar and unexpected, books that resonate with your existing sense of cognition and also make you feel a little surprised.
Establish a mature sense of cognition as quickly as possible. You will be very sensitive to any new books or new people. You may just hate that knowledge advances too fast.
From search to research
Research: It is about following a clue, digging deeply into a set of knowledge, and forming an opinion. Asking questions is the most important step in becoming a high-level researcher
Good research must meet three requirements:
First, high quality, answer a question satisfactorily and form a closed cognitive loop
Second, it must be credible and have a source. The source must be authoritative, preferably a scientific paper.
Third, to express it well, the research results must be delivered to readers so that they can understand them at a glance.
This is an era where questions are worth more than answers
Research mentality
Research is to use comprehensive methods to find everything we need from public information to form a complete picture and explain a problem clearly.
step
1. Ask questions. Turn the question into a researchable question. The question may be implicit and difficult to explain. The question must be explicit. The researchable question must have a direction.
Asking questions has shown your thinking perspective and thinking model
If you can express this question in more accurate English, you can use more valuable English information.
Relevant professional terms can be used as keywords. The more clearly the problem is restricted, the higher the search efficiency may be.
2. Logical context: Have a research roadmap with a clear logical context
One limitation of the research is that some key information cannot be found, so we cannot give up easily, but we must also admit that the search has its limits.
3. Credibility of information:
Source: Great searchers are very, very sensitive to where information comes from
Academic papers are the most reliable references. When citing Wikipedia, you must also list more original references.
When writing articles involving knowledge, you should list references, at least leaving clues for others to find the source of the original research.
Excellent researchers will use cross-validation methods to provide at least two different sources for the most critical information, and even consider the opposite, assuming that there are not many in Western Sydney, how can I overturn it?
Always ensure that research results represent the latest knowledge, as knowledge needs to be updated
4.Organization
Research must be problem-focused. You should know what you are doing at every step of the research process. You also need to know what you are talking about when issuing a report.
You can’t just provide information, you also need to provide an interpretation of the information, and sometimes you should even have your own judgment.
Advanced research methods
Goal: "Superman" level learning needs to be achieved, to learn the level of being the only spokesperson for this topic, and to discover the most avant-garde, active and interesting aspects in order to find a unique position for oneself
step
1. Reading, thinking intensity = time spent preparing this reading/time spent reading, reading is the most cost-effective
Find 5 books to read
①Easy-to-understand best-selling book, quickly understand basic knowledge and familiarize yourself with the topic
②Popular books, slightly more technical, experience the fun, excitement and stimulation of technology, record the things you like the most and inspire your imagination the most
③Books from the perspective of experts are more technical, allowing you to see how experts think about problems, bringing an overall view and broadening your horizons
④Real hard books, books written by experts for experts. By reading such books, you can discover that some popular views are wrong.
⑤ Books about the future direction of a certain field, perceiving the most cutting-edge things
Mental method: read intuitively, read with questions and directions
①The historical narrative of the field, the big story, the big picture, the issues of concern, and the main contradictions
②Related terms
③The most important point is to record what you are interested in, and what stimulates your next thinking is the direction of action.
2. Interview experts. Respect experts: Do your homework first and then ask questions. You have to put their professionalism to the best use.
Pay attention to the boundaries of expert knowledge, you have to take responsibility for your problems
3. Reach the cutting edge: You need to read the latest published things, such as articles in professional journals, papers, an expert’s blog, Twitter or lectures
The most controversial place is also the most active place
4. Form an opinion: You have to repeatedly consider the opinions of all parties and make up your own mind. The opinion may reverse several times; only by thoroughly understanding it can you make a high-level judgment.
5. Complete the narrative: straighten out the cause and effect relationships and establish a thinking model
Feynman Learning Method: The best way to test whether you have learned something is whether you can explain it to others.
What is the state of flow?
Flow is the best reward that life can give to individuals, which is to focus completely on the present moment.
In flow, the activity of the prefrontal cortex is minimized, and that part of the energy is saved for use in brain system 1 proposed in "Thinking, Fast and Slow". System 1 is fast, extremely smooth, and highly creative. I feel that my work is particularly smooth.
Losing the sense of time and truly living in the present, Zeng Guofan said, "Accommodate things as they come, the future will not welcome you, and the present will not be mixed."
Flow triggers
Clear goals
instant feedback
Balance of skills and challenges
Six characteristics of flow
full concentration
Awareness and action merge into one: forget yourself and merge into the thing
The inner judgmental voice disappears: no judgment, very free
The sense of time disappears: time accelerates or time freezes - the deep present
strong autonomy
intense pleasure
Basic principles
Stop: Stop most activities in the prefrontal cortex, forget yourself, forget the sense of time, and turn off the monitoring sound
Concentrate: Focus on what you are doing at the moment and live completely in the moment
Take over: Let the area of the brain that is best at fast calculations take over, unleash your greatest creativity and experience the highest level of fun.
four stages
Struggle: Only by consciously mastering a skill can you apply this skill unconsciously. It requires planning, open learning, input of external information, accumulation of a large amount of information, and generation of a large amount of data.
Release: All you can do is done, put this problem aside for now and let the default mode network take over
Flow: Don’t come out and avoid all interruptions, including negative thinking.
Think positively during flow. If you feel resistance, don't deny yourself, because once you turn on your inner critical voice, you will leave the flow.
Recovery: take active rest and a cooling-off period to check whether you made any mistakes while doing the work in the flow state.
The creator's paradox
excitation
External motivation: recognition from others
It allows you to get everything "right" on the "familiar" project, but it cannot provide surprises.
It will put you in a state of exhaustion
When you win a certain reward, dopamine is released, which brings happiness, but it is very short-lived and makes you want to keep increasing the dose.
If you struggle like this forever, you will be overloaded with work, complain about the imbalance between work and life, and become exhausted physically and mentally.
The bigger problem is that the results are uncontrollable
Internal motivation: If you meet your own inner requirements, ask yourself if you like it.
This result is completely controllable by yourself
The ancient Greek word Eudaimonia specifically refers to a special kind of happiness. By engaging in some meaningful activities, you can develop your full potential. It can be said to be the ultimate self-realization. Giving full play should include leaving your mark on the world
creation
The greatest reward is to apply your own ideas
From a demand side perspective, creating is not something that can only be achieved by working hard in one direction.
You must have the tenacity to persevere, have enough patience, and spend a lot of time doing things that are very complicated and don't look fun at all.
If you have a personality that provides a fresh perspective to the world, we will cheer you up as fans
paradox
If you blindly cater to the market, you will not get the market. No matter what others say, just be yourself and you may lead the market.
Beginner's Mind
Characteristics of intellectual humility
Like to learn new knowledge and very interested in science
Understand the limitations of your own cognition and know what you don’t know
Be willing to consider opposing viewpoints and be willing to interact with people from the “opposite camp”
His views on political issues are not extreme, and he has no "firm beliefs" on the death penalty, immigration, etc.
Good at considering problems from multiple perspectives and able to adopt other people’s perspectives
Feel safe and believe that you are cared for by your relatives and friends
Willing to interact with others and listen to others
The opposite is closed-mindedness: the more ignorant a person is, the easier it is to overestimate their own knowledge level; the more realistic a person is, the more objectively they can evaluate their own level.
A sense of expertise can make people complacent, just as power can cause damage to the human brain.
Average level experts often get stuck in professional rules and regulations and cannot get out of them. Only true masters know how those dogmas came into being, can see the boundaries of professional constraints, and can break through those boundaries.
Beginner’s Mind: The real secret to your craft is to always be a beginner
The last step in professional skills is the first step in beginner’s mentality: knowing your assumptions, knowing why you make them, and when to suspend your assumptions
daily work system
Don't be defeated by small things
Chronic daily troubles: Small and excruciating things, no matter how big or small, can be almost as harmful to your health as big ones
What really affects health is not the trouble itself, but the reaction to the trouble, which requires switching from stress mode to relaxation mode
ignore trouble
Be good at observing your own emotions and calm down promptly when emotions arise
The little things that make you happy can neutralize the little things that cause you troubles
Separation of topics: People can only truly control their own actions and attitudes
Fighting occasionally is also a good exercise
How not to do “what must be done”
The highest level of time management: not doing what must be done
If you're always ahead of your schedule, nothing has to be done, giving you a sense of proactiveness and strategic importance.
Leisure: Represents any extra resource that can be used at will, which can be money, time or space.
Advantages: No need to choose, no fear of making mistakes
When you have leisure, you have the initiative, and you have the possibility of creation, adventure and change.
You can be creative when you can do things you don't want to do, and your time is when you can do anything.
Scarcity thinking: poor people are very price sensitive, busy people are very time sensitive
Unexpected creative thinking mostly comes out when the brain is idle.
Taleb advocates a barbell principle in "Antifragility": You should spend the least time doing the most strenuous mental work, and then spend most of the time doing nothing.
Classical heroes are all relaxed people who cannot be exhausted all day long.
If you are poor, don’t borrow money. If you are short of time, don’t predict the future.
accumulate spare time
Change your attitude and dare to say no to many things
Make a reboot, give up some projects altogether, and get a lot of free time at once, such as taking a vacation or changing jobs
But it takes a lot of self-discipline to keep your spare time
If you never miss a flight, you're spending too much time at the airport --- every good result comes at a price
Price: Perfection is a very expensive thing, and everything in life is uncertain.
A system without loopholes is not necessarily the best system. The best system should stop optimizing when the reduced losses are no longer worth the cost.
Dare to ignore small probability events, which is scientific risk management
If there are no errors in your system, it means your costs are too high
Let go: Don’t live so tiringly, don’t be afraid to let yourself go
Testing: Good people always adapt to the norms of the world, while bad people always test the bottom line of the world.
If you fail to test and protest, you will not make full use of the other party's tolerance and your freedom will not be maximized.
Most people are not bold enough in their temptations
We must have the courage to use the spirit of temptation in important matters. We would rather take risks than try them out.
There is no butterfly effect, safety is a trivial matter
The results of nonlinear systems are sometimes very sensitive to the initial values, but nonlinear systems are not completely uncontrollable systems.
It is the arrangement of events that causes big events to happen. It is the system that should be blamed, not the trigger.
Two characteristics of almost all major modern accidents
The parts of a complex system are interrelated and are not simply connected
Tight coupling: The system lacks a buffer zone, and there is no room for error.
The reason is that the system pursues efficiency too much, and one step after another can lead to everything wrong.
positive and negative feedback loop
Misunderstanding
Emphasize safety awareness and focus on butterflies
Talking every day is a bad education method. Repeated information will be naturally ignored by the human brain.
No small things = no big things
Only by being good at distinguishing the importance of things and daring to ignore small things can you do big things well.
If you have a good system, with buffer zones, slack, and stable circuits, you will be able to have everything you need.
Markov fatalism
Trying to take a one-time action to change something, but it turns out to be in vain
Markov process: No matter what your initial value is, no matter what one-time intervention you have in the process, it will eventually evolve to a statistical equilibrium state, in which the proportion of each state remains unchanged.
four conditions
There are a finite number of states in the system
The probability of switching between states is fixed - the key
The system must be ergodic, that is, starting from any state, you can find a route and switch to any other state.
There is no loop situation. It cannot be said that several states form a closed loop and exclude other states.
It is the mathematical principle that “it’s easy to change a country’s nature but hard to change it” and “it’s better to teach a person to fish than to give him a fish”.
Path dependence: Some things are path dependent, meaning that the probability of something happening later will change based on what happened before.
The Markov model talks about the situation where the probability does not change with the previous history.
Temporary measures often have no lasting effect. If you want to change history, you have to change the mechanism
Find bright spots to solve problems
Don't look for the root of the disease, look for the bright spots - solution-focused short-term therapy (SFBT) - look for what it's like when it's good - find the bright spots, promote the bright spots, and it's possible to solve the problem
Counter-intuitive: Our minds tend to focus on the problems rather than the highlights,
Consistent with nature: The laws of natural selection and the market are precisely what enable bright spots to survive, reproduce and replicate.
A good manager should be like a gardener, good at letting his subordinates develop their strengths instead of finding faults with them. What people need most is positive feedback. If they do something right, they should be encouraged to do the same next time.
Decision-making is a skill
Real decisions are faced with dilemmas
The rules of scientific decision-making
Look at the options at hand
Use mind maps to intuitively place all options in front of you at the same time to help you make decisions
brainstorming, brainstorming
You can be imaginative
For major and complex decisions, laymen are specially invited to participate in order to get out-of-the-box ideas.
Diversity must be a diversity of perspectives and thinking models, not a diversity of interests, and must be for a common goal
Evaluate the value of each option and choose the option with the highest value
Rationality is required, but decision-makers often irrationally and strongly prefer a certain option due to their own differences in understanding.
Force yourself to hear different opinions, such as the "red team" who specializes in naysayers
Sufficient reasons need to be used to convince opponents before a decision can be considered mature.
Look at the results of others doing similar things, and don't always think that you are special. Information is the nutrition of decision-making
During the execution process, make adjustments according to actual conditions
Judgment criteria for adjustment: Whether the new signal is strong enough to change the original decision-making logic
The best venture capitalists are very good at choosing between decisive choices and decisive changes. Low-level decision-makers consider the sunk costs, personal prestige and face.
Scientific decision-making theory for a new generation of scholars
Decision participants should be separated from decision makers
Have a think tank that can provide opinions based on one's different perspectives and information.
Or you have to master multiple thinking models to have different voices in your brain
In collective decision-making, it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of following everyone else's opinions and not daring to have different opinions. Someone needs to be the final decision-maker when consensus cannot be reached.
The decision-making process and decision-making results should be separated
The level of decision-making cannot be evaluated based on the quality of the results. If you fail, you will pursue responsibility. If you win, you will celebrate and reward. This is a very crude decision-making development model.
What a smart decision-maker pursues is not winning every time, but a scientific decision-making system that makes the probability of winning greater than the probability of losing.
Decision contribution should be separated from the identity of the decision maker
Whether you can speak your mind freely, team culture can affect decision-making level
Decision makers should have a bit of a sportsman's spirit, go all out to get things done right, and don't think too much about the consequences.
Emotional life system
you and your desires
Become a better version of yourself
Aspire: Want to pursue self-transcendence (something bigger than yourself), become a better self, develop a new value,
Demand is a change to the status quo, the first-order derivative of the status quo; desire is a change to demand, which can be said to be the second-order derivative of the status quo.
The self that you cannot understand now is the self that is truly worthy of your desire to be.
Moment of confusion: When the old values no longer work and new values have not yet been fully established, there will be a moment of confusion.
Major decisions in life cannot be completely rational. The person you were before cannot make decisions for you in the future. What you should really choose is the kind of person you become, not just hobbies and making money.
Big men don't take straight paths
China needs big figures who can govern the country and bring peace to the world.
Workers and standardization
The essence of migrant workers’ talent outlook and migrant mentality is to turn people into standardized products
The standardized route simply cannot produce big shots of this level, and it is impossible to grow step by step.
The mechanized production method is to let people adapt to the machine, rather than let the machine adapt to people.
Standard things should be left to machines, and everyone should have their own characteristics in whatever they do.
Standardized knowledge education, defective products from industrial manufacturing
Doing what you like and using your personality is a requirement for people
Don’t turn people into products, but truly cultivate talents by daring to ask questions
High-level talents are the product of free development
The general rule is that if you have thought about what you want to do with your life from the beginning, you are unlikely to achieve great success. On the contrary, people who make a wrong start and only find their life goals later are more likely to achieve high results. level of success
"The Boundary of Growth"
People at the level of company CEOs often achieve great things and have tried many different jobs.
People who dare to try different jobs across fields will indeed solve the problem better than the average person in the end.
Dark horse temperament
Dark horse is always pursuing "being yourself"
What do I really like to do? I care more about the enjoyment of the work itself and achieve excellence through satisfaction.
Dark horse has no long-term goals
Only when you have complex experiences can you have complex thoughts; only when you have complex thoughts can you think about big things. Those who have simple experiences and simple thoughts are tool people - Dark Horse is just exploring
The best strategy in an uncertain world is to choose a project that you are most concerned about, most career-oriented, and most satisfied with every time, and find the global optimal from each local optimal.
True luxury is adventure, true wealth is self-chosen exploration, true excellence is defying standards, true freedom is the expression of individuality, and heroes should live their lives by themselves.
talent and ambition
Wealth distribution is essentially a signal and incentive mechanism. It depends on what you do, not what you are.
If you want to make a lot of money, you have to do something related to making money.
Doing things requires taking risks, motivation, and enduring interaction with the world.
To make achievements, you need strong ambition, but ambition has destructive power. It may destroy your heart and turn you into a machine that only knows how to chase external rewards. You must have a strong core to control it. Don’t lose control of this power
A thousand pieces of gold and a promise
Once you have established a vow, your life will be coherent and self-consistent.
Pledges give us a sense of purpose
The oath gives us a higher level of freedom
Freedom is not about having no limits, it’s about choosing the right limits
Oaths build our character
The truly noble character is benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom and trust, which have been respected by people since ancient times.
what is marriage
seven stages
1.Love at first sight
2. Want to understand the other person
3. The two started dating
Slowly reveal yourself to the other person during the conversation
4. Burn
5. Crisis
Nature and shortcomings will be exposed
6.Forgive
Be strong enough to dare to blame the other person, and be strong enough to dare to forgive.
7. Fusion
When one's self can give in to the relationship between the two, one can enter into marriage
last rational thought
Morality
character
Emotional dependence type
Safe
Anxious
Avoidant
what type of love
love between friends
passionate love between man and woman
selfless love, adoring love
Marriage is for love, because our hearts want to merge with another person. In a good marriage, both people must lose part of themselves and give way to the relationship. Relationships are more important than individuals, which is the secret to a happy marriage.
But people will grow old eventually
Ways to delay aging: walking (fast walking, a little out of breath, sweating after walking), intermittent fasting, exercise, reading, continuing to work, learning new things (the key is new)
Big Five Personality
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism
Will worsen with aging
People are not as able to face death as calmly as they thought when they were young
Agreeableness - does not change with aging
Three realms of actively facing death
The most unbearable thing is that the world can't keep it, the beautiful face is like the flower in the mirror and the tree
The laws of nature are irresistible
On the occasion of the general meeting, people and books are all old
celebration of old age
All things are impermanent
Impermanence represents the fluidity of matter. Every particle that makes up life comes from the environment due to chance. After death, living things just return to the environment.
Society is a big system
Does history always repeat itself?
To study history, you have to grasp the root events, and root events are all accidents.
There are three laws in history, which determine that history will not repeat itself.
There will be structural progress in the times. Structural progress means that something is not only new, but also has a systematic change in the world.
Including technology, human production methods, social structure, cultural customs, including human personality, there are always structural changes.
People can actually learn lessons from history
History has ripple effects and is therefore inherently unpredictable
The "historicism" that believes that history has an inevitable direction and that there are various inevitable laws of occurrence is a wrong view of history. History is actually a collection of a series of unexpected events.
It is better to believe in no books than to have no books at all, and is “value investing” still feasible?
Graham and Buffett’s Four Principles of Value Investing
The essence of buying stocks is to buy a company. Investment is for the value of the company, not for speculation.
Choose this company because it can create value
Ignore the short-term fluctuations in the market and focus on the long-term
The market is not a good teacher, it is just a tool to gain ownership of the company
Margin of safety - estimates of a company's value are uncertain, be sure to wait until the company's stock is trading well below (not just below) intrinsic value before buying
According to the second concept, the market will always fluctuate to the extent that the stock price of a good company is ridiculously low, and that is the time to take action.
circle of competence
Just understand a specific industry and a specific company. Don’t pretend to understand and act recklessly.
Before his death, Graham no longer strongly advocated the detailed analysis of a company's stock to find super value opportunities.
Four lessons from value investing
Life is not an algorithm, and you cannot mechanically copy what you learn.
What works for Buffett may not work for you
The true wisdom of masters lies not in which rules they use, but in which rules they discover.
Qi Baishi said, Those who learn from me will live, and those who are like me will die.
Learn how they find a way
Learn from things that don’t change
It is difficult to change people's greed and fear when making money decisions, their behavior under pressure, and their reactions to incentives. They can be learned directly.
consider time
The more distant the history, the more we can learn from some very broad and unspecific laws.
Is evolution an arms race or a peace agreement?
Traditional understanding of evolution
struggle with the enemy
Fight with the same kind
A group unites internally to fight externally
Because of the need for struggle, people believe that a harsh living environment is beneficial to people's growth and can train people.
Latest developments in the theory of evolution
A relaxed environment is more conducive to innovation
Reducing the pressure of environmental selection will make life easier for organisms, and it will be easier to bring about prosperity and innovation.
Competent creatures always find ways to make their environment less harsh
Just like rich kids who find jobs in emerging fields because of their versatility
Sometimes it is not the environment that selects new organisms, but the organisms that occupy the new environment and more easily master the ability to survive in harsh environments.
It is roughly equivalent to the fact that companies that develop overseas markets often do not succeed in the local market, but do well in the local market.
Some creatures will take the initiative to set up a stage and let other creatures sing.
Mutual beneficial coexistence of various species may be a greater normality than "struggle"
Some creatures will give up some of their abilities because they live in symbiosis with other creatures.
gene shedding
A more advanced survival strategy than independence is to liberate oneself
There is no absolute and complete solution in the world. Being independent is an expensive way to survive.
The reasonable strategy for biological development and evolution is to find a unique position for oneself in an environment coexisting with multiple species, rather than always trying to separate from others and go it alone.
Specialized division of labor is most conducive to adjustment and innovation, and can best adapt to the rapidly changing new environment.
The correct values of biology are not to always think about being highly independent in a harsh environment, but to try to relax your own environment and allow yourself to explore new possibilities, that is, to liberate yourself.
evolution should be evolution, not evolution
Biological evolution has no specific direction; genetic mutations can occur in any direction
Evolution is not an arms race, it’s a peace agreement
Coexistence, cooperation and win-win are also the way of heaven
Why do we always think about the coming disaster and focus on dealing with the harsh environment? Creating a relaxed environment and a free culture, pursuing innovation, change, and diversity, and proactively exploring new territories for the future are what modern people living a good life should do.
The most advanced communication strategies
The dumber the person, the more conservative he is
open alert
On the one hand, you are very open-minded and can try anything.
On the one hand, you are alert and judgmental.
The stronger the thinking ability, the more alert a person is and the easier it is to accept new things.
trapped in reward
Reinforcement: As long as a reasonable reward system is designed, a certain behavior of an animal (human) can be strengthened
This reward system needs to be addictive
Behavioral design can maximize the effectiveness of rewards and maximize behavior without giving too many rewards.
Using rewards to reinforce behavior is not a good system
motivation
extrinsic motivation
performance pay
Useful situations
Tests are short-term
Work tasks are simple and work performance can be directly quantified
Absolutely no good results
The work is complex and difficult to quantify
It’s useless for workers and students
Rewards not only provide an ineffective extrinsic motivation, but also harm intrinsic motivation.
Rewards and punishments have the same meaning, which will destroy cooperation. Rewards for simple actions will make people unwilling to deeply understand the problems at work, avoid exploration, and quickly reduce interest in work.
intrinsic motivation
In order for people to do one thing for a long time, to be able to do one thing well, or even to take the initiative to do one thing, it must be intrinsic motivation.
The subtle basics: Pay generously and fairly, try to make sure people don't feel exploited, and then do whatever you can to help them forget about money.
One party gives enough money, and the other party earns enough money, but both parties have a tacit agreement not to talk about money when working.
Why are big shots boring?
When innovators encounter difficulties, the position of star scholars loses suspense. They all say the same thing, that is, revolutionaries will oppose the new revolution.
It is precisely because of this reason that young people always have opportunities
Once you have fame and territory, you have to maintain these things. You find that self-repetition is much easier than self-renewal, and the benefits of development are far greater than those of new innovation.
The role that think tanks can play is limited, and all think tanks face the paradox between “new” and “right”
If a company or government wants to purchase your services, it will inevitably require you to provide a correct suggestion, but correct suggestions are often not new.
An adult perspective on waste
Posturing is easy, solving real problems is really difficult
Decision makers must not be quick to realize, they must weigh the pros and cons of all aspects, make all kinds of unavoidable trade-offs, and cannot be influenced by the situation.
Three misunderstandings
Believe that things on earth should be used sparingly and sparingly.
The correct way for us to use things on the earth is not to "use less", but to use them reasonably.
The most efficient way to deal with garbage is landfill. The key is whether it can be managed well and truly prevent leakage.
I believe that the ideal destination for garbage is recycling, and it is best to turn waste into treasure.
Garbage recycling has costs and should be decided by the recyclers
We always want to reject the existence of bad things
The real garbage problem in China is how to better collect and control garbage so that people don’t litter it everywhere.
Correct talents and excellent talents
Correct people focus on doing things right - right has standards
Expectation is reliability, no mistakes can be made, value is determined by shortcomings
Stress stability, professionalism and standards
Have reliable output for the team
Training with negative feedback, based on three assumptions
Others know ourselves better than we do
Learning knowledge is like pouring water into a bottle, just add whatever it is
The high level is the same as a template and can be imitated directly
But it is only applicable to junior jobs that pay attention to "rightness". Advanced jobs are not standardized.
Excellent talents focus on doing things well, and there are no standards for excellence.
It is determined by the longboard, but it must be outstanding enough, preferably unique, and must occupy and attract audiences to a territory that belongs only to themselves.
Talk about risk, innovation and art
Leading change in the team
Train with positive feedback
Depending on which aspect you are strong, strengthen training in that aspect
The antonym of success is not failure, but mediocrity
Traditional Chinese education cultivates the right talents
The problem with current education reform is that the requirements for "right" have been relaxed, but they don't know how to be "good"
The correct direction of education reform is not to sign a ceasefire agreement, nor to cancel the Mathematical Olympiad, but to provide more opportunities for students with special talents to advance.
The right talents are managed and outstanding talents are trained through habituation.
other
Logic is the last word
Learn some logical thinking
Have a more logical perspective and use logic consciously, and your thinking will be sharp--sharp.
This world is mathematical, and the physical phenomena manifested in the universe conform to mathematical equations with incomparable precision and uncanny accuracy.
abstract thinking
Allows you to realize the essence of things
Experts are good at discovering the commonalities behind various seemingly different things.
Allows you to draw inferences, make analogies and generalize
Able to eliminate ambiguity and help us reach consensus on various issues
Three common logic errors
converse proposition
No proposition
extreme denial
logical negation
with and or
There is no causal relationship in an absolute sense. We can make judgments in a probabilistic sense.
Being logical is the hardest thing to do to ensure that you are not attacked
The source of stupid arguments
scarecrow attack
What you said is obviously A, but what you said is indeed B, because B is not good, and you say that A is not good, which leads to an argument.
His tool is not the original you, but an imaginary scarecrow.
reason
The other party is in a hostile camp with you
Emotional
If a person lives in a logical world for too long, he will have difficulty in dealing with people.
And if a person lives in the emotional world for too long, he will have difficulty dealing with the world.
The average person’s logical sensitivity attitude
The fundamental reason why most people make low-level logical errors is that they cannot understand things outside their own vision, or they do not admit that there are other things outside their own vision.
The capacity to accommodate people comes from logic, and logic comes from cognition
Attacking others in an illogical way is an ugly image and is tantamount to a suicide attack.
Being logical is not only about the success or failure of a debate, nor is it about the rightness or wrongness of decisions, it is also about whether you have a sound personality.
Grayscale cognition and black-and-white decision-making
Be principled
Only when you follow principles can you be logical and reasonable. Only when you say something is worth listening to, can your actions be predictable.
find principles
The best way is to keep asking yourself why you think so. Keep asking until there is no reason and just believe this.
Following the spirit of mathematics, principles should be hierarchical. The deeper the principles, the fewer they are, the simpler they are, and the more they cannot be violated.
Implementation principles
Starting from the lowest principles and reviewing and judging your own decisions at any time, you will act very confidently. Others think you are very reliable, but you also have a sense of honor when you think of yourself.
Black and white decision-making: Even if it is illogical, draw the line
A buffer should be reserved for drawing lines
Golden mean: both principled and highly flexible - grayscale cognition
Logical users on the supply side
general statement
To avoid it, you need to add some qualifiers and narrow the scope of the statement.
express emotions
Being illogical is a way of expression that can convey strong feelings
Different thinking situations
The reason why emotional expressions are easily misunderstood is because the speaker and the listener are in different mental states.
You should use logical analysis to understand what the other party wants to express and see where the differences lie.
dazzling scholar
People who show off their knowledge will add a lot of logical qualifiers when speaking, do not make logical errors, and will have "defense explanations" before expressing their opinions, but they are not down to earth.
The purpose of learning logic is to see the essence of things clearly, to discover differences and promote understanding, not to be a dazzling scholar.
Mathematics gives you the best solution
sorting inequality
sorting inequality
Large numbers multiplied by large numbers plus decimals multiplied by decimals, greater than large numbers multiplied by decimals plus decimals multiplied by large numbers
Reflect the unequal relationship at the lowest level
It is the "zero-order principle" of resource allocation and the most basic principle.
When making decisions, we must first consider zero-order principles, and only consider modifications when it fails.
diminishing marginal effects
The development of things is often non-linear. If there is too much of something, the marginal effect will decrease.
system
Unlimited system
Hold on to the longboard
Masters match masters and join forces
A system with a lower limit
Most concerned about shortcomings
capped system
Every board is similar
Setting key points, partial subjects, unevenness, and going to extremes is the natural way.
The laws of physics that support a peaceful life
fluctuation-dissipation law
Microscopic fluctuations can be understood as fluctuations, but there is no fixed period and amplitude, they just fluctuate back and forth randomly.
Macroscopic energy dissipation: resistance that consumes the forward kinetic energy of an object
The greater the fluctuation, the more kinetic energy is dissipated, which is called fluctuation leading to dissipation; the faster the energy dissipation, the faster the movement of surrounding molecules, which is called dissipation leading to fluctuation.
Small things dissipate energy, which is why we don’t like small things
What really dissipates energy is the ebb and flow you have to make in response to the little things.
Minimize the ups and downs that you react to
Avoid unnecessary waste, develop good habits, and live a regular life
The wisdom of Fourier transform
Fourier transform is a method of breaking down a complex thing into a bunch of standardized simple things
Creations are often nothing more than permutations of known, standardized simple things
Berkson's Paradox
Even if the personal experiences of the above people are true, the conclusions they draw from their experiences are probably wrong.
Common form: If you have an overall threshold requirement for two characteristics - even if these two characteristics are not related, or even if they may originally be positively correlated - within the range you examine, you can still feel that they have a negative correlation. .
Both "survivor bias" and "survivor bias" belong to "selection bias". The root cause of the error is that your statistical data is not comprehensive enough.
The next time you hear any "negative correlation" assertions involving ability, character, appearance, or luck, you should be wary.
How to increase the number of excellence
Zone of Excellence: On the tail about two to three standard deviations away from the right side of the normal distribution curve
According to the normal distribution, add the variables affected by the outstanding number
Increase total
Increasing total volume to obtain outstanding numbers is a method of using strategic diligence to make up for lack of ability.
It's an inefficient and stupid way
Although very intuitive, the rate of decline in the tail of the normal distribution curve is greatly underestimated.
boost mean
The curve of the excellence area decreases too fast. You must use the method of raising the mean to move the curve to the right to get a larger excellence area.
The fundamental solution to the problem
The effect of the mean on the excellence area is much greater than the effect of the total
increase standard deviation
Take risks and do something more extreme, but the downside is that you may fall into the failure zone on the left
The middle way to solve the problem
Only those who are good enough are worthy enough to compete with who dares to take risks. If you are good enough and dare to take risks, you can only compete with those who work hard and have more families.
diligent
Used to improve the average, diligence can make up for weakness
It is ineffective when used for low-level, high-output applications.
It is said that Einstein said that the so-called mental illness is doing the same thing over and over again, but expecting different results.
Practitioners, Improvers, Competitors and Terminators
The knowledge of science and engineering is a mode of thinking that can help us think clearly about the problems we encounter in life.
A difficult problem in the absolute sense - NP-hard: non-deterministic polynomial difficulty
traveling salesman problem
Practicalist's heuristic algorithm - using seemingly clever routines to find a similar solution
Practical people pursue relatively high output with minimal investment, seek small shrewdness, and know nothing about the power of advanced knowledge.
Competitors make people willing to give full play to their full potential and cannot care about cost performance.
The college entrance examination is a competitive event
When faced with difficult problems, the weak's way of thinking is to start from the practical side and be forced to improve in reality. The way of thinking of a strong person is to start with the terminator. If it really can't be solved, then settle for the second best before seeking improvement.
How to optimize suspense and surprise
create excitement
suspense
The feeling before something big happens, Gray Rhino - you know it might happen, but you don't know if or when it will happen.
Accident
The feeling after something big happens, a black swan - you didn't even think about it, it happened.
optimization
Maximize suspense and always keep the possibility of "plot reversal"
To maximize surprises, make each reversal less and less likely.
reverse
The number of reversals is randomly chosen between two and four
Being good does not mean being exciting. The real difficulty is not how to arrange the rhythm of plot reversals, but how to make every reversal appear real and natural.
Option thinking
Only rights, not obligations
What are options
It is to take the initiative on risks, be proactive, and use risks
Actions that allow you to identify and seize opportunities and lock them in
It's your right, not your obligation
options speculation
Options are a type of insurance
To hedge risks, you can hold stocks while selling call options, and short-sell stocks while buying call options.
While taking risks, you can control losses within a certain limit, and lock in a profit in advance while waiting and watching.
What should you like if you were privileged?
Options use a deposit to lock in future trading prices
Factors affecting option prices
current price of stock
option expiration time
The longer the option expiration time, the greater the value.
The stock strike price specified in the option
fixed bank interest rate
stock volatility
The more volatile a stock is, the higher the price of the option
Options love volatility
Asymmetry: When the fluctuations are upward, the profit is not capped; when the fluctuations are downward, the losses are only a little fixed.
The Mathematical Principles of Taleb’s “Antifragility”
Options are a privilege, only care about the upper limit
privilege pick extreme
Extreme things are always rare and must be found by casting a wide net
People without privileges can only study hard and practice hard, while people with privileges watch others study and practice hard. The most successful bosses are often not the most professional, but they are very good at using their privileges
Nassim Taleb and the Philosopher's Stone
In an ideal life, on the one hand, one must continue to grow and become powerful through the exercise of power, and on the other hand, one must safely and properly assume obligations.
Most things in the world are non-linear
Nonlinearity: The relationship between the result and the input is not a straight line and is not proportional
Convex upwards and concave downwards - concave: Returns diminish with the marginal effect of investment, rising slowly, with limited upside benefits, but invincible downside risks - fragile - prone to black swans
Hide if you can
Concave above and convex below--convex--antifragile curve: downside risks are limited, upside space is not capped
Actively participate
Qinsen's inequality
Fragile Curve: A function whose mean is less than the mean
The input should be made more even, because the average function is relatively mild.
What fragility fears is extremes. If you go a little further on the fragility curve, the losses may be much greater.
If it is fragile, it must be made even
Antifragile Curve: A function whose mean value is greater than its mean value
Make the input a little more extreme, and the "function" will make the most profit.
Knowledge is an anti-fragile thing
Wealth and innovation capabilities all have concentrated advantages
Barbell Principle: Spend most of your resources on the lowest risk things, and use a small amount of resources to chase the highest risks.
Which is more important, now or the future?
With words like "uncertainty", "opportunity" and "risk", we need a rational, quantifiable and operational framework, rather than general talk or subjective feelings.
The hedging value of an option: represents how much the option price will change if the current stock price does not change by 1 yuan.
Hedge value is small
Focus on long-term performance, not current stock price fluctuations
The hedge value is close to 1
Just focus on now
People in the process of change: Face the future positively and do things that can change you in a good direction. It is much more useful than simply improving the current situation. Fluctuations require you to grasp the direction well.
postscript
Consider the system
some things should be ignored
Some things should be dealt with routinely
Some things should be broken into smaller parts to reduce the impact
Some things should be done with all your might
Treating everything equally would be unfair to those key things
You should care about: whether your overall arrangement of this series of things is good enough, whether your decision-making ability is strong enough, whether your system reasonably accommodates good and bad things, opportunities and risks
What really determines victory is neither whether one thing works, nor whether the first person can do it, but whether your system works. If the system works well, things will have their own power to grow; if the system works well, good luck will come to you.
Be a systematic person and a decision-maker