MindMap Gallery Medications to treat angina pectoris
Drugs for the treatment of stable angina include nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc. The introduction is detailed and the knowledge is comprehensive. I hope it can be helpful to everyone!
Edited at 2024-11-01 20:26:44This is a mind map about the annual work plan of the three pillars of human resources. The main contents include: strategic human resources planning, talent recruitment and allocation, employee performance management, employee training and development, employee relationships and communication, employee welfare and care, human resources information system construction, regulatory compliance and risk management, and organizational culture construction.
This is a mind map for the diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis. The annual incidence of acute cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis is (3.0~10.3)/1000, and the main cause is hypertension. Compared with non-dialysis patients, the most common bleeding site is the basal ganglia area, accounting for 50% to 80%; but the bleeding volume is large and the prognosis is poor, and the mortality rate is 27% to 83%. Especially for patients with hematoma >50ml, hematoma enlarged or ventricular hemorrhage on the second day after onset, the prognosis is very poor.
The logic is clear and the content is rich, covering many aspects of the information technology field. Provides a clear framework and guidance for learning and improving information technology capabilities.
This is a mind map about the annual work plan of the three pillars of human resources. The main contents include: strategic human resources planning, talent recruitment and allocation, employee performance management, employee training and development, employee relationships and communication, employee welfare and care, human resources information system construction, regulatory compliance and risk management, and organizational culture construction.
This is a mind map for the diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis. The annual incidence of acute cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis is (3.0~10.3)/1000, and the main cause is hypertension. Compared with non-dialysis patients, the most common bleeding site is the basal ganglia area, accounting for 50% to 80%; but the bleeding volume is large and the prognosis is poor, and the mortality rate is 27% to 83%. Especially for patients with hematoma >50ml, hematoma enlarged or ventricular hemorrhage on the second day after onset, the prognosis is very poor.
The logic is clear and the content is rich, covering many aspects of the information technology field. Provides a clear framework and guidance for learning and improving information technology capabilities.
Medications to treat angina pectoris
Nitrates
dilate blood vessels
1. Dilate arteries and veins and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption 2. Dilate coronary arteries and improve myocardial ischemia 3. Can lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure
Commonly used drugs
Nitroglycerin
Prevent and treat coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, lower blood pressure and congestive heart failure
0.25~0.5mg sublingually
Medication guidance: ① Avoid engaging in alert or coordinated work after taking medication, as it may cause dizziness ②Adverse reactions include headache, facial flushing, and rash ③ The interval between administration of sustained-release capsule ointment or patch should be 10 to 12 hours to avoid causing nitrate resistance. ④ Sublingual tablets and sprays should be used as medicine when using them ⑤Withdrawal reactions to sudden drug discontinuation may include chest pain or chest muscle infarction ⑥Alcohol should be limited while taking the medicine, as it can aggravate hypotension.
Precautions—Use the minimum dose that relieves acute angina. Excessive dosage may cause tolerance. For sublingual use, do not swallow. Try to sit down when using it Use with caution in patients with hypovolemia or low systolic blood pressure Discontinue medication if blurred vision or dry mouth occurs
Isosorbide mononitrate
Long-term treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, prevention and long-term treatment of myocardial infarction Combined with digitalis or diuretics to treat chronic congestive heart failure
Take 30~40 mg sustained-release tablet once a day. Swallow the whole tablet with appropriate amount of warm water. Do not chew.
Interaction: Cannot be used in combination with basic antihypertensive drugs, neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants. Alcohol will increase the blood pressure lowering effect of this product. Taking it together with PED5 will increase the antihypertensive effect of this product. Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce efficacy BH4 Tetrahydrobiopterin-Sapropterin causes vasodilation Riosiguanide can cause hypotension
🈲 Used for myocardial infarction, hypotension of the heart, aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, shock hematogenous shock, hypotension, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg, blood volume Insufficiency, severe anemia, increased intracranial pressure, angle-closure glaucoma Cannot be served with PDE5
Adverse reactions, vasodilator reactions: facial flushing, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, nausea and vomiting, weakness and sweating, methemoglobinemia, tolerance
Treatment of overdose: Elevate legs, give oxygen, lie on your back, monitor and correct vital signs closely Hypotension and shock to replenish blood volume Methemoglobinemia was treated with vitamin C methylene blue and amphetamine blue. For severe methemoglobinemia, oxygen inhalation, artificial dialysis, hemodialysis and blood exchange are given. Medicines should be stored away from light
beta blockers
slow heart rate
Reduce cardiac oxygen consumption - inhibit sympathetic nerves, slow down the heart rate, weaken myocardial contractility, and reduce oxygen consumption
Improve ischemic cardiomyocytes - prolong diastole, prolong coronary blood supply time, release blood to ischemic area
Improve glucose metabolism, reduce oxygen consumption; and anticoagulant effect
Commonly used drugs
Propranolol (propranolol)
It is suitable for patients with hypertension and arrhythmia, and can reduce the size of myocardial infarction. It is not used for variant angina pectoris.
The dosage for angina pectoris is three times a day, starting with 5-10 mg and increasing by 10-20 mg every three days to 200 mg a day.
Contraindications: bronchial asthma, cardiogenic shock, conduction block, bradycardia, severe, acute heart failure
Medication guidance: ① This product can be taken orally on an empty stomach or with food. The latter can delay intrahepatic metabolism and improve bioavailability. ② The tolerance of β-blockers varies greatly among individuals, and the dosage must be individualized. When using this product for the first time, you need to start with a small dose, gradually increase the dose and observe the reaction closely to avoid accidents. ③ Those who have been using this product for a long time must gradually reduce the dose after withdrawal, at least after 3 days, usually 2 weeks. ④This product can cause a decrease in blood sugar in diabetic patients, but has no hypoglycemic effect in non-diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients should check their blood sugar regularly ⑤ During the period of taking this product, blood routine, blood pressure, heart function, liver and kidney function, etc. should be checked regularly. ⑥If lower respiratory tract infection occurs, accompanied by difficulty breathing and wheezing, the medication should be temporarily stopped and seek medical attention promptly.
Drug interactions: Concomitant use with reserpine can cause orthostatic hypotension and bradycardia. The combined use of digitalis may cause atrioventricular block and slow down the heart rate. Close observation is required. When combined with calcium antagonists, especially intravenous injection of verapamil, one must be very vigilant about the inhibition of this product on the myocardium and conduction system. Alcohol can slow down the absorption rate of this product The combined use of hepatic enzyme inducers (phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin) can accelerate the clearance of this product The combined use of cimetidine can reduce the liver metabolism of this product and delay its elimination. When antidiabetic drugs are used together, the dosage of the latter needs to be adjusted
Can treat various types of angina pectoris with nitroglycerin Reasons for use together: Propranolol can correct the reflex increase in heart rate and increase in myocardial contractility rate caused by nitroglycerin for lowering blood pressure. Nitroglycerin can improve the expansion of ventricular volume and prolonged ventricular ejection time caused by propranolol's inhibition of myocardial contractility, which is not conducive to myocardial blood supply and oxygen supply. It can synergistically reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and offset their respective adverse reactions, but combined The usage time and dosage should be reduced
calcium channel blockers
therapeutic drugs
Verapamil
It is suitable for patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris accompanied by atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation or tachycardia. It cannot be used alone for variant angina pectoris.
Concomitant use with propranolol may worsen atrioventricular conduction tissue, bradycardia, or heart failure
diltiazem
Its effect is between nifedipine and verapamil, and it is suitable for the prevention and treatment of variant angina and exertional angina.
nifedipine
Blocks the influx of calcium ions, expands peripheral blood vessels, and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption Reduce calcium ion influx to dilate coronary arteries and increase oxygen supply to ischemic myocardium Inhibit calcium ion release and protect ischemic cardiomyocytes Inhibit thrombosis
Most effective for variant angina pectoris caused by vasospasm