MindMap Gallery The materiality and development laws of the world
Ma Yuan's mind map for Chapter 1 includes the diversity and material unity of the world, the universal connection, change and development of things, and materialist dialectics as the fundamental method for understanding and transforming the world.
Edited at 2024-10-26 14:38:29Rumi: 10 dimensões do despertar espiritual. Quando você para de se procurar, encontrará o universo inteiro porque o que está procurando também está procurando por você. Qualquer coisa que você persevera todos os dias pode abrir uma porta para as profundezas do seu espírito. Em silêncio, deslizei para o reino secreto e gostei de tudo para observar a magia ao meu redor e não fiz barulho. Por que você gosta de rastejar quando nasce com asas? A alma tem seus próprios ouvidos e pode ouvir coisas que a mente não pode entender. Procure para dentro para a resposta a tudo, tudo no universo está em você. Os amantes não acabam se encontrando em algum lugar, e não há despedida neste mundo. Uma ferida é onde a luz entra em seu coração.
A insuficiência cardíaca crônica não é apenas um problema da velocidade da freqüência cardíaca! É causada pela diminuição da contração miocárdica e da função diastólica, o que leva a um débito cardíaco insuficiente, o que, por sua vez, causa congestão na circulação e congestão pulmonar na circulação sistêmica. Das causas, o indução aos mecanismos de compensação, os processos fisiopatológicos de insuficiência cardíaca são complexos e diversos. Ao controlar o edema, reduzir a frente e pós -carga do coração, melhorando a função de conforto cardíaco e prevenindo e tratando as causas básicas, podemos efetivamente responder a esse desafio. Somente entendendo os mecanismos e as manifestações clínicas da insuficiência cardíaca e as estratégias de prevenção e tratamento, podemos proteger melhor a saúde do coração.
A lesão de isquemia-reperfusão é um fenômeno que a função celular e os distúrbios metabólicos e os danos estruturais piorarão depois que órgãos ou tecidos restauram o suprimento sanguíneo. Seus principais mecanismos incluem aumento da geração de radicais livres, sobrecarga de cálcio e o papel dos microvasculares e leucócitos. O coração e o cérebro são órgãos danificados comuns, manifestados como mudanças no metabolismo do miocárdio e mudanças ultraestruturais, diminuição da função cardíaca etc. As medidas de prevenção e controle incluem remover os radicais livres, reduzir a sobrecarga de cálcio, melhorar o metabolismo e controlar as condições de reperfusão, como baixo sódio, baixa temperatura, baixa pressão, etc. A compreensão desses mecanismos pode ajudar a desenvolver opções eficazes de tratamento e aliviar lesões isquêmicas.
Rumi: 10 dimensões do despertar espiritual. Quando você para de se procurar, encontrará o universo inteiro porque o que está procurando também está procurando por você. Qualquer coisa que você persevera todos os dias pode abrir uma porta para as profundezas do seu espírito. Em silêncio, deslizei para o reino secreto e gostei de tudo para observar a magia ao meu redor e não fiz barulho. Por que você gosta de rastejar quando nasce com asas? A alma tem seus próprios ouvidos e pode ouvir coisas que a mente não pode entender. Procure para dentro para a resposta a tudo, tudo no universo está em você. Os amantes não acabam se encontrando em algum lugar, e não há despedida neste mundo. Uma ferida é onde a luz entra em seu coração.
A insuficiência cardíaca crônica não é apenas um problema da velocidade da freqüência cardíaca! É causada pela diminuição da contração miocárdica e da função diastólica, o que leva a um débito cardíaco insuficiente, o que, por sua vez, causa congestão na circulação e congestão pulmonar na circulação sistêmica. Das causas, o indução aos mecanismos de compensação, os processos fisiopatológicos de insuficiência cardíaca são complexos e diversos. Ao controlar o edema, reduzir a frente e pós -carga do coração, melhorando a função de conforto cardíaco e prevenindo e tratando as causas básicas, podemos efetivamente responder a esse desafio. Somente entendendo os mecanismos e as manifestações clínicas da insuficiência cardíaca e as estratégias de prevenção e tratamento, podemos proteger melhor a saúde do coração.
A lesão de isquemia-reperfusão é um fenômeno que a função celular e os distúrbios metabólicos e os danos estruturais piorarão depois que órgãos ou tecidos restauram o suprimento sanguíneo. Seus principais mecanismos incluem aumento da geração de radicais livres, sobrecarga de cálcio e o papel dos microvasculares e leucócitos. O coração e o cérebro são órgãos danificados comuns, manifestados como mudanças no metabolismo do miocárdio e mudanças ultraestruturais, diminuição da função cardíaca etc. As medidas de prevenção e controle incluem remover os radicais livres, reduzir a sobrecarga de cálcio, melhorar o metabolismo e controlar as condições de reperfusão, como baixo sódio, baixa temperatura, baixa pressão, etc. A compreensão desses mecanismos pode ajudar a desenvolver opções eficazes de tratamento e aliviar lesões isquêmicas.
The materiality and development laws of the world
Diversity and physical unity of the world
dialectical materialism
1. Matter and its mode of existence
The relationship between worldview and philosophy: Philosophy is a systematic and philosophical worldview and methodology
Basic questions of philosophy (ontological questions)
First aspect
Which is the first, matter or consciousness? What is the origin of the world?
Matter first material origin
materialism
ancient simple materialism
Modern metaphysical materialism (mechanical materialism)
Dialectical materialism and historical materialism
consciousness first consciousness origin
idealism
Subjective idealism (exaggerating subjective spiritual "feelings", "ideas", "heart", etc. as the only entity and primary thing)
Objective idealism (exaggerating the objective spiritual "Tao", "idea" and "absolute concept" as the only entity and the first thing)
basic schools of philosophy
Second aspect
Are thinking and existence identical? Can thought know existence?
Recognize identity/thinking can recognize existence
knowability
Denies identity/Thinking cannot recognize existence
agnosticism
Complete agnosticism
incomplete agnosticism
Other questions
Is the world unified? (Is the origin of the world one or two?)
Recognize the unity of the world and it is originally one
monism
Denies that the unity of the world is originally two
dualism
How does the world exist? (Is the world moving or stationary?)
interconnectedness, movement development
dialectics
isolated, static
metaphysics
Matter: The only characteristic of matter is objective reality, which exists outside human consciousness and is not affected by human will.
the way matter exists
The fundamental property of matter is motion
Movement is absolute, universal, eternal, and unconditional
Matter is the subject of movement, and movement is the movement of matter
Stillness is relative, temporary, conditional, and inconspicuous motion (a special state of motion)
The relative position remains unchanged temporarily, that is, no displacement occurs (physical position)
The fundamental properties remain unchanged for the time being, that is, no qualitative changes have occurred (chemical properties)
The material world is the unity of absolute motion and relative stillness
Do not commit the relativist sophistry of exaggerating the absolute nature of motion and denying the relativity of stillness, and the metaphysical invariance theory of exaggerating the relativity of stillness and denying the absolute nature of motion.
Time (one-dimensionality) and space (length, width, height, three-dimensionality) are the basic forms of existence of moving matter
The dualization of the material world
The world is divided into the natural world and the human world
The world is divided into objective world and subjective world
people's practical activities
The Metaverse is the product of people’s practical activities, not the “Third World”
2. Dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness
Matter determines consciousness
From the origin of consciousness
It is the product of long-term development of nature - three stages
It is the product of social and historical development
From the nature of consciousness
Consciousness is the function and attribute of a special substance like the human brain, and is the subjective image of the objective world.
Consciousness has a reaction on matter (the active role of consciousness)
purposeful and planned
be creative
It has the function of guiding practice to transform the objective world.
Has the function of regulating human behavior and physiological activities
Dialectical unity of subjective initiative and objective regularity
Respecting objective laws is the prerequisite for correctly exerting subjective initiative
Only by giving full play to subjective initiative can we correctly understand and utilize objective laws
Prerequisites and conditions for giving full play to subjective initiative
Start from reality (premise)
Practical activities (fundamental approach)
Relying on certain material conditions and means (it is difficult for a clever woman to make a meal without rice)
Adhere to the unity of following objective laws and exerting subjective initiative
Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is a special manifestation of human consciousness and initiative. It is the objectification and reality of human essential power. It is impossible to replace or surpass human beings.
reason
Artificial intelligence does not possess human ideologies such as emotions, beliefs, and wills
Artificial intelligence does not have the social attributes of humans
Artificial intelligence does not have the ability to understand the true meaning of natural language
It is difficult for artificial intelligence to obtain the content of the human brain that is reduced to digital information
On the one hand, we must observe and grasp the future development of artificial intelligence with an open and objective attitude; on the other hand, we must strengthen the research, judgment and prevention of artificial intelligence application risks.
3. The material unity of the world
The world is unified in the manifestation of matter
Nature is material
Human society is essentially a material system formed on the basis of production practices
Human consciousness is unified with matter
The principle of the unity of matter in the world
Status: It is the most basic and core viewpoint of dialectical materialism and the cornerstone of Marxism
significance
Helps establish the "three views" of materialist science
Helps establish correct ideological lines and methods of thinking
The common connections and changes and development of things
materialist dialectics
universality of connection and development
General characteristics/general viewpoints of materialist dialectics
Definition of contact
It is the relationship between the internal elements of things and the mutual influence, mutual restriction and interaction between things.
Characteristics of contact
Objectivity: inherent in the thing itself, independent of human will
universal
inside things
between things
The world is a unity of connections
Have diversity
Things in the world are diverse, and the connections between things are also diverse (direct and indirect connections, internal and external connections, essential and non-essential connections, etc.)
conditional
There are favorable conditions and unfavorable conditions, and conditions can be changed.
changes and development of things
New things: refer to things that are in line with the direction of history and have great future
Old things: refer to things that have lost their historical inevitability and are becoming extinct day by day.
The essence of development is the emergence of new things and the destruction of old things. Development is a forward and upward movement.
Basic links of connection and development (five pairs of categories)
content and form
Essence and Phenomenon
Causes and consequences
Necessity and chance
reality and possibility
The law of unity of opposites is the fundamental law of the development of things (the law of contradiction)
The driving force and source of the development of things
contradictory identity and struggle
concept
Identity: the nature and trend of interdependence and interpenetration between the two contradictory parties
are prerequisites for each other’s existence and are in a unity
Interpenetrate each other and can transform into each other under certain conditions.
Struggle: the nature and tendency of the two parties to be mutually exclusive and separated from each other
relation
the difference
The identity of contradiction is conditional and relative
The struggle of contradictions is unconditional and absolute
connect
The identity and struggle of contradictions are interconnected and mutually reinforcing
role in the development of things
Identity
The prerequisite for the existence and development of things
Let the two parties in the conflict absorb factors that are beneficial to themselves and develop each other in the interaction.
stipulates the possibility of transformation and development trend of things
Fighting
Create conditions for the transformation of opposites and the qualitative change of things
It is the decisive force in the transition from one kind of contradictory unity to another kind of contradictory unity.
The universality and particularity of contradictions
concept
Universality (commonality) - everything is contradictory, always contradictory
peculiarity (personality)
The contradictions of various specific things, each aspect of each contradiction has its own characteristics at different stages of development
Various contradictions
main contradiction
dominant position, decisive role
secondary contradiction
subordinate position, secondary role
a pair of contradictions
Main aspects
dominant position, leading role
secondary aspects
Being dominated and not having a leading role
relation
the difference
The universality (commonality) of contradictions is unconditional and absolute
The particularity (personality) of contradiction is conditional and relative
connect
Commonality resides in and is expressed through personality
Personality is also inseparable from commonality
Contradiction analysis method
Divide the problem into two parts
"Two Point Theory" and "Key Point Theory Combined"
Grasp unity in opposition, grasp opposition in unity
Detailed analysis of specific issues
The law of quantitative change and qualitative change
The state and process of development of things
concept
Quality: the inherent determination of one thing that distinguishes it from other things
Quantity: The scale, degree, speed, etc. of things can be expressed in quantitative relationships.
Degree: the quantitative limit that maintains the stability of something, that is, the limit, magnitude and scope of something
Quantitative change: The increase or decrease in the number of things and the change in the arrangement of the constituent elements are insignificant changes that maintain the relative stability of the quality of things, and reflect the continuity of the gradual development process of things (optimized structure, Tian Ji horse racing)
Qualitative change: a fundamental change in the nature of things, a leap from one qualitative state to another
dialectical relationship
Quantitative change is the necessary preparation for qualitative change
Qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change
Quantitative and qualitative changes interpenetrate each other
On the one hand, there are staged and local partial qualitative changes in the overall quantitative change process.
On the other hand, in the process of qualitative change, there is also a quantitative contraction of the old quality and a quantitative expansion of the new quality.
The law of quantitative change and qualitative change reflects the unity of gradualness and leap in the development of things.
methodological significance
On the one hand, we must do our daily work in a down-to-earth manner and prepare for major changes in the future.
On the other hand, when qualitative change comes, we must seize the opportunity decisively and without losing the opportunity to promote qualitative change and bring our work to a new level.
law of negation
The direction and path of development of things
The development of things is achieved in a self-negating manner through its inner contradictory movement.
The content of dialectical negation
Negation is the self-negation and self-development of things, and is the result of the internal contradictory movement of things.
Negation is the link in the development of things, the transformation of old things into new things, and the leap from old quality to new quality.
Negation is the link between old and new things
The essence of dialectical negation is "sublation", which is both overcoming and retaining
law of negation
The dialectical negation of things goes through two negations and three stages: affirmation - negation - negation of negation
The first negation allowed the conflict to be initially resolved
Negation of negation achieves the unity of opposites and fundamentally resolves contradictions
The negation stage of negation is the "reply" at a higher stage and is the result of "sublation"
The development of things shows a general trend of spiraling upward or wave-like progress.
practical methodology
The future is bright, but the road is tortuous
Revealing the unity of progress and twists and turns in the development of things
Materialist dialectics is the fundamental method to understand and transform the world
1. The essence and cognitive function of materialist dialectics
(1) Materialist dialectics is critical and revolutionary in nature
(2) Materialist dialectics is the unity of objective dialectics and subjective dialectics
(3) Materialist dialectics is a scientific method of understanding
2. Dialectical thinking methods and modern scientific thinking methods
(1) Dialectical thinking method
induction and deduction
Analysis and synthesis
abstract and concrete
Logic and history are unified
(2) Modern scientific thinking methods
Control method
information method
Systematic approach
model approach
ideal method
3. Learn materialist dialectics and continuously enhance thinking ability
Dialectical thinking ability
historical thinking ability
Systematic thinking ability
strategic thinking ability
bottom line thinking ability
Innovative thinking ability
The two are interconnected and complementary. Dialectical thinking is the methodological premise of modern scientific thinking, and modern scientific thinking methods enrich dialectical thinking methods.