D type and L type: The one with -OH on the right side of the asymmetric atom of glycerol is D type, and the one on the left side is L type.

The α-type and β-type of monosaccharides: the hemiacetal hydroxyl group of the sugar molecule and the -OH adjacent to the asymmetric carbon atom at the end of the molecule -CH2OH are on the same side of the carbon chain, which is called the α-type, and the one on the opposite side is called the β-type.

Configuration: the breaking of covalent bonds; conformation: the different spatial structures produced by the rotation of all atoms in an organic compound structure along the covalent bonds

Optical activity: All monosaccharides (except dihydroxyacetone) have asymmetric atoms, so they have the ability to dazzle light

Mutarotivity

sweetness

Properties produced by aldehyde and ketone groups: The aldehyde and ketone groups of monosaccharides can be oxidized, reduced and form amide.

Properties resulting from hydroxyl groups

Physical properties: white crystal, easily soluble in water, sweet, dazzling, specific optical rotation 66.5

Chemical properties: no reducing effect