MindMap Gallery The structure of a polymer chain
The structure of a polymer chain is a core concept in polymer chemistry and physics. It describes the connection and arrangement between atoms or groups in a polymer compound. It includes the characteristics and levels of polymer structures, short-range structures of polymer chains, long-range structures of polymer chains, and conformational statistics of polymer chains.
Edited at 2024-10-08 17:59:40Dive into the world of the Chinese animated film Nezha 2: The Devil's Birth! This knowledge map, created with EdrawMind, provides a detailed analysis of main characters, symbolic elements, and their cultural significance, offering deep insights into the film's storytelling and design.
This is a mindmap about Nezha 2, exploring its political metaphors and cultural references. The diagram highlights the symbolism behind the Dragon Clan’s suppression, drawing parallels to modern geopolitical conflicts and propaganda manipulation. It also details Chinese historical and cultural elements embedded in the film, such as the Jade Void Palace, Ao Bing’s armor, Taiyi Zhenren’s magic weapon, and Nezha’s hairstyle.
This is a mindmap about the main characters of Nezha 2, detailing their backgrounds, conflicts, and symbolic meanings. It explores the personal struggles and transformations of Nezha, Ao Bing, Shen Gongbao, and Li Jing as they navigate themes of rebellion, duty, ambition, and sacrifice.
Dive into the world of the Chinese animated film Nezha 2: The Devil's Birth! This knowledge map, created with EdrawMind, provides a detailed analysis of main characters, symbolic elements, and their cultural significance, offering deep insights into the film's storytelling and design.
This is a mindmap about Nezha 2, exploring its political metaphors and cultural references. The diagram highlights the symbolism behind the Dragon Clan’s suppression, drawing parallels to modern geopolitical conflicts and propaganda manipulation. It also details Chinese historical and cultural elements embedded in the film, such as the Jade Void Palace, Ao Bing’s armor, Taiyi Zhenren’s magic weapon, and Nezha’s hairstyle.
This is a mindmap about the main characters of Nezha 2, detailing their backgrounds, conflicts, and symbolic meanings. It explores the personal struggles and transformations of Nezha, Ao Bing, Shen Gongbao, and Li Jing as they navigate themes of rebellion, duty, ambition, and sacrifice.
The structure of a polymer chain
Characteristics and levels of polymer structure
levels of polymer structure
chain structure
short-range structure
Chemical composition of structural units
bonding structure
Configuration (optical isomerism, geometric isomerism)
Branched, cross-linked, copolymer structures
remote structure
polymer size
Polymer form
aggregated structure
Crystalline structure, amorphous structure, oriented structure, liquid crystal structure, textured structure
Characteristics of polymer structure
Large relative molecular mass, chain structure, strong interaction
The relative molecular mass of polymers is statistical and polydisperse
Polymer chains have new structural levels—conformation and flexibility
Polymer structure is not uniform
Short-range structure of polymer chains
Chemical composition of structural units
carbon chain polymer
The molecular chain is composed entirely of carbon atoms connected by covalent bonds.
Generally has excellent plasticity
The main chain non-polar structure is not easy to hydrolyze (PP, PE, etc.)
Heterochain polymer
In addition to carbon atoms, the main chain also contains two or more atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur connected by covalent bonds.
Strong intermolecular forces
The polar structure of the main chain is easy to hydrolyze, alcohololyze, and acidolyze (PA, PET, etc.)
elemental polymer
There is no carbon atom in the main chain, and it is composed of silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium, arsenic, antimony and other elements with covalent bonds.
Inorganic polymer
organic element polymer
Ladder and double helix polymers
The main chain is not a single chain, but has a "ladder" and "double spiral" structure
terminal group
Bonding structure (sequential heterogeneity)
Monoolefinic monomers form polymers
Sequential isomers: isomers produced by different bonding methods Structure.
The bonding method of diene monomers to form polymers
Determination method of bonding structure
chemical method
fragmentation chromatography
Infrared spectroscopy
The configuration of the molecular chain
Optical isomerism (steric structure)
Isotactic structure (isotactic structure)
syndiotactic structure (syndiotactic structure)
atactic
Geometric isomerism (cis-trans isomerism)
How to determine configuration
NMR
Infrared spectroscopy
Branching and cross-linking
Branched polymers: polymer chains with branches of varying lengths
Cross-linked polymer: a three-dimensional network of macromolecules formed by polymer chains connected to each other through chemical bonds.
Copolymer structure
random copolymer
alternating copolymer
block copolymer
graft copolymer
Long-range structure of polymer chains
Conformation of polymer chain
Internal rotation of small molecules
Internal rotation of polymer chains
Flexibility of polymer chains
Compliance concept
static compliance
dynamic compliance
Factors affecting polymer flexibility
Main chain structure
substituent
intermolecular forces
crystallization
Cross-linking
Relative molecular mass
external factors
Conformational Statistics of Polymer Chains
Geometric calculation method of mean square end distance
free chain
The bond length is fixed, the bond angle is not fixed, and the internal rotation is free
free rotating chain
Fixed bond length, fixed bond angle, free internal rotation
hindered rotation chain
Rotation within a single key is blocked
Kuhn statistics method for mean square terminal distance
Actual existence, reflecting the common characteristics of flexible polymers
A macromolecular chain that is actually composed of Z segments of length b that are freely combined is called an "equivalent freely combined chain"
The mean square radius of rotation of a polymer chain
The larger the radius, the looser the polymer coils and the less flexible they are.
Quantitative characterization of polymer chain flexibility
Steric hindrance parameters
A measure of the increase in size of a molecule due to resistance to internal rotation of the chain, the smaller it is, the more compliant the molecule is
undisturbed dimensions of molecules
The mean square end-to-end distance per unit relative molecular mass is used as a parameter to measure the flexibility of the molecule. The smaller the value, the more flexible the molecular chain is.
Chain segment length
The more flexible the molecule, the shorter the chain segments.
extreme characteristic ratio
It refers to the ratio of the mean square end distance of the chain to the mean square end distance of the free binding chain. The greater the flexibility of the chain, the smaller the value.