MindMap Gallery Reproductive system and breast diseases
Pathology summarizes and organizes knowledge points to help learners understand and remember. Straight to the point, it can be used as study notes and review materials to help you systematically review and consolidate the knowledge you have learned. The knowledge points are systematic and comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to everyone! Suitable for exam review.
Edited at 2024-10-01 23:35:05In order to help everyone use DeepSeek more efficiently, a collection of DeepSeek guide mind map was specially compiled! This mind map summarizes the main contents: Yitu related links, DS profile analysis, comparison of DeepSeek and ChatGPT technology routes, DeepSeek and Qwen model deployment guide, how to make more money with DeepSeek, how to play DeepSeek, DeepSeek scientific research Application, how to import text from DeepSeek into MindMaster, the official recommendation of DeepSeek Wait, allowing you to quickly grasp the essence of AI interaction. Whether it is content creation, plan planning, code generation, or learning improvement, DeepSeek can help you achieve twice the result with half the effort!
This is a mind map about DeepSeek's 30 feeding-level instructions. The main contents include: professional field enhancement instructions, interaction enhancement instructions, content production instructions, decision support instructions, information processing instructions, and basic instructions.
This is a mind map about a commercial solution for task speech recognition. The main content includes: text file content format:, providing text files according to the same file name as the voice file.
In order to help everyone use DeepSeek more efficiently, a collection of DeepSeek guide mind map was specially compiled! This mind map summarizes the main contents: Yitu related links, DS profile analysis, comparison of DeepSeek and ChatGPT technology routes, DeepSeek and Qwen model deployment guide, how to make more money with DeepSeek, how to play DeepSeek, DeepSeek scientific research Application, how to import text from DeepSeek into MindMaster, the official recommendation of DeepSeek Wait, allowing you to quickly grasp the essence of AI interaction. Whether it is content creation, plan planning, code generation, or learning improvement, DeepSeek can help you achieve twice the result with half the effort!
This is a mind map about DeepSeek's 30 feeding-level instructions. The main contents include: professional field enhancement instructions, interaction enhancement instructions, content production instructions, decision support instructions, information processing instructions, and basic instructions.
This is a mind map about a commercial solution for task speech recognition. The main content includes: text file content format:, providing text files according to the same file name as the voice file.
Reproductive system and breast diseases
cervical disease
chronic cervicitis
Features
The most common gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age
Cause
bacterial infection
cervical injury
clinical manifestations
Increased leucorrhea with odor
parts
phospho-columnar junction
under the mirror
Cervical mucosa congestion and edema
Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (lymph, plasma, macrophages)
Cervical epithelial hyperplasia and phosphorous metaplasia
Performance
Pseudoerosion (intestinal examination)
After cervical canal columnar epithelial hyperplasia, it replaces damaged squamous epithelium.
The columnar epithelium is very thin, granular in appearance, bright red and clear
Glandular cyst (also known as Naboth's cyst)
The hyperplastic squamous epithelium covers and blocks the opening of the cervical canal glands, allowing mucus to be retained and forming a cervical cyst.
polyp
Localized hyperplasia of cervical mucosal epithelium, glands, and stromal connective tissue
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Grading
Level 1
Confined to subepithelial 1/3
Level 2
Involving 1/3-2/3 below the epithelial layer
Level 3
More than 2/3 of the accumulated epithelium has not broken through the basement membrane
carcinoma in situ
Involves all epithelium but does not break through the basement membrane
examine
Cervical exfoliative cytology test
Cervical histology (diagnosis)
Cervical (invasive) cancer
Cause
bad sex life
HPV infection
smoking
General shape
Erosive type (well differentiated cancer)
Irregular vaginal bleeding
contact bleeding
Shallow depth of invasion (microcarcinoma)
lettuce flower type
Outward growth with necrosis on the surface
Endogenous infiltrative type
Deep infiltration, hardening of the front and back lips of the cervix
Ulcerative type
Deep infiltration, necrosis and sloughing, crater-like
Histological type
Uterine squamous cell carcinoma (common)
early invasive cancer
The depth of infiltration does not exceed 5mm below the basement membrane
The infiltration width does not exceed 7mm
Invasive carcinoma
Wetting depth exceeds 5mm
Can form cancer nests, keratinized beads
Cervical adenocarcinoma (rare)
columnar epithelial carcinoma
Can secrete mucus, slightly stained under microscope
transfer
Lymphatic metastasis (most common)
first metastasizes to parauterine lymph nodes
Late metastasis to supraclavicular lymph nodes
spread directly
Uterus, vagina, rectum, bladder
Hematogenous metastasis
lungs, bones, liver
clinical manifestations
Irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding
Increased leucorrhea and odor
Lower abdominal pain (involving vaginal nerves)
uterine body disease
endometriosis
concept
Endometrial glands and stroma appear outside the endometrium
parts
Ovary (common)
clinical manifestations
Dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation
disease
Adenomyosis
Endometrial glands and stroma appear in the myometrium (3 mm beyond the basal layer of the endometrium)
Ovarian chocolate cyst
naked eye
The endometrium bleeds periodically until the ovaries enlarge, forming a cystic cavity filled with brown liquid.
The ovaries are purple-red or brown and soft like mulberries.
under the mirror
Hemosiderin appears in endometrial glands and stroma (phagocytosis by macrophages)
endometrial hyperplasia
clinical manifestations
Functional uterine bleeding (elevated estrogen)
Pathological changes (under microscope)
simple hyperplasia
Increased number of glands, enlarged cavity, no atypia
proliferation of complexity
Hyperplastic glands appear back-to-back, with no cellular atypia
atypical hyperplasia
The cell size increases, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio increases, and mitotic figures appear (obvious atypia)
The depth of invasion is less than 2mm, otherwise it is invasive cancer
uterine tumors
endometrial adenocarcinoma
source
Endometrial epithelium (glandular epithelium)
Pathological changes
naked eye
Diffuse type
Limited
under the mirror
Highly differentiated
Adenocarcinoma
Moderately differentiated
Papillary, linear reticular
Poorly differentiated
May be associated with adenosquamous carcinoma
diffusion
direct spread (primary)
Uterine horns, fallopian tubes, ovaries, etc.
lymphatic metastasis
Uterine fundus, para-aortic LN
Uterine horn Inguinal LN
Hematogenous metastasis
lungs, bones, liver
clinical manifestations
Early days
Irregular vaginal bleeding (no bleeding on contact)
increased secretions
lower abdominal pain
uterine leiomyoma
Features
The most common tumors of the female reproductive system
Cause
increased estrogen levels
rapid growth during pregnancy
menopausal atrophy
Pathological changes
naked eye
Tumor boundaries appear and are not encapsulated (characteristics)
Hemangiomas are also unencapsulated
Different sizes, single or multiple
The cut surface is gray-white, tough, braided or swirl-shaped
under the mirror
The tumor cells are similar to normal uterine smooth muscle cells, with spindle shape and rare mitotic figures.
red degeneration
Thrombus formation in the tumor stroma, leading to local necrosis and bleeding
uterine leiomyosarcoma
The tumor tissue appears necrotic, the boundaries are unclear, and the tissue and cell atypia are obvious (tumor giant cells appear)
Trophoblast disease GDT
Common features
Abnormal proliferation of trophoblast cells
Increased hCG content
hydatidiform mole
Also known as vesicular fetal mass, a benign lesion of placental villi
Types
completeness
Forms a diploid zygote with only the father's chromosomes
No embryonic lung development, no fetal components
Partiality
Formation of triploid karyotype fertilized egg
Pathological changes
in general
Villus edema, forming grape shapes of varying sizes
Does not invade the myometrium
under the mirror
The villous stroma is highly loose and edematous and enlarged
The villous stroma has no blood vessels or functional blood vessels (normal interstitial blood vessels are abundant)
Proliferation of trophoblast cells, including cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells
clinical manifestations
amenorrhea
Uterine enlargement beyond the month of pregnancy
vaginal bleeding
Trophoblast cells have strong ability to invade blood vessels
Vaginal discharge of blisters
examine
Blood and urine hCG increased significantly
uterine ultrasound
prognosis
The prognosis is good, and almost no one will die after the uterine evacuation.
Can't get pregnant within two years
Invasive mole (borderline tumor)
concept
Borderline tumor between mole and choriocarcinoma
Common in molar pregnancy due to incomplete evacuation
naked eye
Vesicular villi invade the myometrium (difference from mole)
Purple-blue hemorrhage and necrotic nodules, even invading organs outside the uterus
under the mirror
vesicular villi within the myometrium
The proliferation of trophoblast cells is obvious and there is a certain degree of atypia.
clinical manifestations
Irregular enlargement of the uterus
hCG significantly increased
Persistent irregular vaginal bleeding
prognosis
Sensitive to chemotherapy and good prognosis
choriocarcinoma
concept
High grade malignant tumor of villous trophoblast epithelium
in general
Hemorrhagic necrotic nodules in the uterine wall, extensive hemorrhagic necrosis
Invading the muscle layer, blood vessels, and even penetrating the uterine wall to the extraserosa
under the mirror
Three Nothings
No villi (difference from invasive mole)
No stroma
No blood vessels in the interstitium
Hemorrhage and necrosis
Invasion of surrounding blood vessels "a sea of blood"
Atypical trophoblast cells
transfer
Blood channel metastasis is obvious
Lung, vaginal wall most common
prognosis
Still good, sensitive to chemotherapy
Pregnancy can even continue after treatment
ovarian tumors
Epithelial ovarian tumors (most common)
source
Fallopian tube terminal epithelial cyst or ovarian epithelium
Classification
serous tumors
Serous cystadenoma (benign)
No nipples
Epithelial single layer with cilia
No atypia
borderline serous cystadenoma
Add more nipples
Epithelial 2-3 layers
Atypical
serous cystadenocarcinoma
A large number of nipples and solid nodules
obvious atypia
Infiltrate into ovarian stroma, see psammoma bodies
mucinous tumor
Mucinous cystadenoma (benign)
single layer tall columnar epithelium
borderline mucinous cystadenoma
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Ovarian sex cord stromal tumors
granulosa cell tumor
low grade malignancy
coffee bean-like nuclei
Call-Exner corpuscle
theca cell tumor
benign
ovarian germ cell tumors
teratoma
source
Germ cells differentiate into somatic cells, at least two germ layers
Classification
mature teratoma
visible bones teeth
Dermoid cyst or goiter
immature teratoma
Various immature organs and tissues
dysgerminoma
undifferentiated cells
malignant
Yolk sac tumor
Germ cells differentiate into extraembryonic tissues
Highly malignant
Sparse mesh structure, S-D bodies, eosinophilic bodies
prostate disease
anatomy
Next to the urethra, at the base of the bladder
prostatic hyperplasia
Most likely to occur in men over 50 years old
Most common in Central District
amyloid body
prostate cancer
Derived from
prostate epithelium
Predisposed areas
Surrounding area
diagnosis
loss of basal cells
Enlarged nucleoli
transfer
Blood vessels metastasize to the vertebrae
breast cancer
Features
Women have the highest incidence of malignant tumors
Predisposed areas
terminal ductal lobular unit
Pathological classification
non-invasive cancer
intraductal carcinoma in situ
acne cancer
Common in the central part of the breast
The ducts are dilated and contain necrotic material
large central necrosis
non-comedone cancer
No necrosis or slight necrosis
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Presence of lobular structures
Cancer cells fill slightly dilated acini
invasive cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma (most common)
The upper outer quadrant is the most common
Star-shaped or crab-foot-shaped
Nipples that are sunken or have an orange peel-like appearance
Tumor cells are arranged in strips or clumps
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Multiple bilateral
Single row of bead-like or thin cord-like changes in cancer cells
most likely to transfer
Special types of cancer
Nipple paget disease
medullary carcinoma
Good prognosis
Adenocarcinoma (canalicular carcinoma)
Best prognosis
Mucinous carcinoma (jelly-like carcinoma)
Off-white translucent jelly-like
diffusion
Lymphatic metastasis (most common)
axillary lymph nodes
subclavian lymph nodes
spread directly
Breast parenchyma, nipple, skin
Hematogenous metastasis
Commonly seen in lungs and bones