MindMap Gallery lymphohematopoietic system diseases
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lymphohematopoietic system diseases
lymphoid tissue tumors
definition
Tumors derived from lymphocytes and their precursor cells
malignant lymphoma
Malignant tumors originating from lymphocytes and their precursor cells in lymph nodes and extralymphoid tissues
Cell source
B (80%), T, NK and their precursor cells
Grading
Inert, aggressive, highly aggressive
origin
Hodgkin lymphoma
non-hodgkin lymphoma
clinical manifestations
Painless, progressive lymphadenopathy
Immune dysfunction
Bone marrow infiltration (anemia, hemorrhage)
secondary kidney damage
Immunolabeling
B cells
CD19, 20, 79a
T cells
CD2, 3, 4, 7, 8
Precursor B and T cells
TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)
NK cells
CD56
Hodgkin lymphoma (originates from B cells)
Overview
People prone to hair loss
young people
Predisposed areas
cervical lymph nodes
Histological features
On the background of mixed infiltration of various inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes, varying amounts of RS cells and their variants are scattered.
Confirmed
Pathological biopsy
Pathological characteristics
R-S cells (characteristic cells)
dual core symmetry
nuclear eosinophilia
Cytoplasmic acidophilic and basophilic amphophilic
mutated cells
Crypt cells (lobulated nuclei)
Popcorn-like cells (LP cells)
multinucleated giant cell
mummy cells
prognosis
Basically exists in lymph nodes and does not go out
The prognosis is good and can be cured by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Types
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant NLPHL (CD20)
Pathological characteristics
Popcorn has more cells
RS cells are very few
Without EBV infection
Best prognosis
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma CHL (CD30)
Tuberous sclerosis NS (most common)
Lava cells (sign)
Essence: mutated RS cells
Thick fibrous tissue is divided into nodules
More inflammatory cell responses
EBV negative
mixed cell type LR
Typical RS cells mixed with monocytic cells
Often EBV positive
Lymphocyte-predominant MC
Tumor cells have few cells (mononuclear or RS cells)
Interstitial mass of reactive lymphocytes
lymphopenic LD
Large numbers of RS or multinucleated giant cells
few lymphocytes
EBV infection rate is high
poor prognosis
non-hodgkin lymphoma
Difference from Hodgkin lymphoma
Can originate from extralymph nodes
Discontinuity of diffusion, jump diffusion, and easier early extranodal metastasis
The complexity of histological classification
Pathological types are complex
Leukemia involves bone marrow causing tumor cells to enter the bloodstream
Non-Hodgkin-mature B-cell tumors
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (small lymphocytic lymphoma)
source
mature B cells
Grading
inertia
Pathological characteristics
Focal aggregation of lymphocytes to form pseudofollicles
Peripheral blood basketball-like cells (briquette-like)
Clinical features
Leukemia, invasion of bone marrow and spleen
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (most common)
source
germinal center B cells
Grading
Invasive
Pathological characteristics
Diffuse infiltration of larger atypical lymphocytes
Obvious heterogeneity (various cells)
prognosis
Difference
Burkitt lymphoma (common in children)
source
germinal center B cells
Grading
highly invasive
Pathological characteristics
Starry sky phenomenon: Macrophages are scattered among tumor cells with the same shape
genetic characteristics
t(8,14) mutation leads to c-myc activation
Homophone: Dad is going to die
clinical manifestations
Chemosensitivity
Endemic (related to EBV infection), sporadic, immunodeficiency
Most commonly involves the jawbone, forming a huge mass in the maxillofacial area
follicular lymphoma
source
follicular center B cells
Grading
inertia
immunophenotype
Bcl-2
genetic characteristics
Bcl gene translocation
t(14,18)
The doctor grabbed the follicle and stopped hiding it.
1418 follicle, bcl
Extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
source
Extranodal B cells
Grading
inertia
genetic characteristics
t(11,18)
multiple myeloma
source
terminally differentiated B cells
Pathological characteristics
Multiple osteolytic lesions
Massive proliferation of plasma cells with radial nuclei
Clinical features
Increased Ig in blood (M protein)
Positive J protein in urine
Non-Hodgkin-precursor lymphocytic neoplasms
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
source
Precursor B or T cells
People prone to hair loss
Under 15 years old
Pathological characteristics
Lymph node structure is destroyed and replaced by proliferating neoplastic lymphoblasts
immunophenotype
TDT
Non-Hodgkin-mature T/NK cell tumors
peripheral T-cell lymphoma
source
Postthymic mature T cells
Pathological characteristics
Tumor cells infiltrate blood vessels in paracortical area of lymph node
Heterogeneity is obvious
genetic characteristics
TCR rearrangement
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma
origin
NK cells
clinical features
Always involves the outside of the node, typically the nasal cavity
Mycosis fungoides (Sezary syndrome)
source
Skin mature T cells
Pathological characteristics
Paltrier microabscess: infiltration of the epidermis by multiple cell types
Leukemia (myeloid tumors)
definition
Malignant tumors formed by clonal proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells
Classification
acute myeloid leukemia
source
Bone marrow primitive and immature cells
People prone to hair loss
teenager
Pathological changes
Primitive hematopoietic cells diffusely proliferate in the bone marrow and replace normal bone marrow tissue.
Myeloid blasts in bone marrow >20%
Special lesions
green tumor
Myeloproliferative neoplasms
source
Granulocyte (mostly), erythroid, megakaryocyte, etc.
Pathological changes
marrow
Granulocytes proliferate actively, with mainly lobulated and rod-shaped nuclei.
peripheral blood
White blood cell count increased significantly (mainly middle and late granulocytes)
extramedullary hematopoiesis
splenomegaly
Special lesions
Ph chromosome t(9,22) and BCR-ABL1 fusion as genetic trait