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intrinsic neck

Mind map of local anatomy and neck knowledge points. This mind map helps you to familiarize yourself with the key points of knowledge and enhance your memory. Students in need can save it.

Edited at 2024-12-06 17:51:25

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intrinsic neck

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Outline

neck

body surface markers

hyoid bone

Corresponding to the intervertebral disc plane between the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae, the greater angle of the hyoid bone is a sign to find the lingual artery.

Thyroid cartilage

The upper edge is level with the height of the 4th cervical vertebra

The common carotid artery is divided into the internal and external carotid arteries at the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage.

cricoid cartilage

The cricoid arch is aligned with the transverse process of the 6th cervical vertebra on both sides.

The upper level of the tracheal neck is connected to the lower edge of the 6th cervical vertebra and the cricoid cartilage

carotid nodules

The carotid tubercle is the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 6th cervical vertebra and the flat cricoid cartilage arch.

sternocleidomastoid muscle

The puncture point for cervical plexus cutaneous branch anesthesia is at the midpoint of the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

large suprasternal fossa

The pulse of the subclavian artery can be palpated at the bottom of the great supraclavicular fossa

body surface projection

pleural roof

The highest point of the pleural roof is located 2~3cm above the medial 1/3 of the clavicle.

Partition

Xiangbu

intrinsic neck

In front of the front edge of the trapezius muscles on both sides and in front of the spine

Anterior cervical area

suprahyoid area

submandibular triangle

Between the lower edge of the mandible and the anterior and posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the bottom is the mylohyoid muscle and its fascia

Contents: Submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular ganglion, lingual nerve, lingual artery and vein, hypoglossal nerve, facial artery

submandibular gland

Wrapped within the fascial sheath formed by the enveloping fascia

It is divided into two parts: superficial and deep. The superficial part is larger and is located deep to the mylohyoid muscle.

The submandibular gland duct emerges from the anterior end of the deep part of the gland and proceeds deep to the mylohyoid muscle.

The sublingual caruncle, which opens into the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth

submental triangle

It is located between the anterior belly of the left and right digastric muscles and the body of the hyoid bone, and the deep surface is the mylohyoid muscle.

subhyoid area

carotid triangle

realm

The superficial surface includes skin, superficial fascia, platysma muscle, and envelope fascia

There is prevertebral fascia around me

content

Content: Internal jugular vein and its branches, common carotid artery and its branches, hypoglossal nerve and its descending branches, vagus nerve and its branches, accessory nerve and some deep cervical lymph nodes

common carotid artery

external carotid artery

From the anterior wall, the inferior thyroid artery, lingual artery and facial artery emerge in sequence from top to bottom.

Internal carotid artery and vein

hypoglossal nerve

From the deep surface of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle into the carotid triangle

Runs within the carotid triangle and superficially to the internal and external carotid arteries

Enter the submandibular triangle through the deep surface of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Descends anteriorly along the common carotid artery

Innervates the infrahyoid muscles

accessory nerve

The intersection of the upper and middle 1/3 of the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle enters the occipital triangle

Innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle

vagus nerve

posterior belly of digastric muscle

The boundary between the carotid triangle and the submandibular triangle

Deep surface: internal carotid artery, vein, external carotid artery, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, cervical sympathetic trunk

Muscle triangle

content

infrahyoid muscle

thyroid

membrane

Outer layer

Thyroid sheath (pseudocapsule)

formed by the pretracheal fascia

thyroid suspensory ligament

The suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland secures the thyroid gland to the walls of the larynx and trachea

inner layer

fibrous capsule (true capsule)

artery

superior thyroid artery

Superior laryngeal nerve: When ligating the superior thyroid artery during subtotal thyroidectomy, it should be performed close to the upper pole of the thyroid to avoid damaging the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve and affecting pronunciation.

The superior thyroid artery gives rise to the superior laryngeal artery, which is accompanied by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.

inferior thyroid artery

recurrent laryngeal nerve

The inferior angle of the thyroid cartilage can be used as a landmark to expose the recurrent laryngeal nerve

When ligating the inferior thyroid artery during subtotal thyroidectomy, it should be kept away from the lower end of the thyroid to avoid damaging the recurrent laryngeal nerve and causing hoarseness.

Both the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in the paratracheoesophageal groove, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses it behind the inferior thyroid artery, and the right recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses it in front of the inferior thyroid artery

thyroid cervical trunk branches

Ascending along the medial border of the anterior scalene muscle

Bend downward and inward to the cricoid cartilage plane

Crosses with the recurrent laryngeal nerve behind the lower pole of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland

thyroid vein

superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

sternocleidomastoid muscle area

lateral cervical area

Occipital triangle

Supraclavicular triangle (large supraclavicular fossa)

base of neck

phrenic nerve

It runs obliquely in front of the anterior scalene muscle and deep to the prevertebral fascia.

thoracic duct

After entering the base of the neck, go up along the left edge of the esophagus

vertebral artery triangle

Bounded by the anterior scalene muscle, longus colli muscle and the first segment of the subclavian artery

The main structures are: pleural roof, vertebral artery, vertebral vein, thyroid cervical trunk, inferior thyroid artery, cervical sympathetic trunk and cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

vertebral artery

The first segment originating from the subclavian artery

Pass through the 6 cervical transverse process holes

Enter the skull through the foramen magnum

Distributed in brain and inner ear

shallow structure

skin

superficial fascia

platysma

deep surface

vein

anterior jugular vein

external jugular vein

jugular venous distention

nerve

cutaneous branch of cervical plexus

The midpoint of the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is shallowly exposed to block the anesthesia puncture point.

Greater auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerve

cervical branch of facial nerve

innervates platysma muscle

deep fascia

cervical fascia

Superficial layer: envelope fascia

muscle sheath

sternocleidomastoid sheath, trapezius sheath

gland sheath

submandibular gland sheath, parotid gland sheath

suprasternal space

Middle layer: visceral fascia

pretracheal fascia

buccal and pharyngeal fascia

thyroid sheath

Deep layer: prevertebral fascia

Covered: brachial plexus, cervical sympathetic trunk, phrenic nerve, subclavian artery and vein

axillary sheath

carotid sheath

It starts from the base of the skull and continues from the mediastinum below.

Surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

cervical fascial space

suprasternal space

Contents: Jugular venous arch, lower segment of anterior jugular vein, sternal head of sternocleidomastoid muscle, lymph nodes, fat

pretracheal space

Contents: Inferiormost thyroid artery, inferior thyroid vein, azygos thyroid plexus, brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein

retropharyngeal space

Between prevertebral fascia and buccal pharyngeal fascia

prevertebral space

Between the deep cervical muscles and prevertebral fascia

Lymph nodes

Lateral cervical lymph nodes

Bounded by the superficial layer of cervical fascia, it is divided into two groups: superficial and deep.

Upper deep lateral cervical lymph nodes (angular lymph nodes)

Nasopharynx, base of tongue and palatine tonsils

internal jugular vein omohyoid muscle lymph node

tip of tongue

Virchow lymph node

lymph nodes anterior to scalene muscle

This enlarged lymph node can be palpated at the intersection of the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper edge of the clavicle.

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