MindMap Gallery The constituent units of nucleic acid
Nucleotides, composed of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base, are the basic units of nucleic acids. Polynucleotide chains, linked by phosphodiester bonds, carry genetic information. DNA consists of two twisted polynucleotide chains with a double helix structure stabilized by base pairing (A-T, C-G).
Edited at 2024-12-12 03:22:20In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
The constituent units of nucleic acid
Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar linkage
Acidic nature
Pentose sugar
Ribose in RNA
Deoxyribose in DNA
Nitrogenous base
Purines
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T) in DNA
Uracil (U) in RNA
Polynucleotide chain
Phosphodiester bonds
Linkage between phosphate of one nucleotide and sugar of next
Directionality
5' to 3' orientation
DNA structure
Double helix
Complementary base pairing
AT (or AU in RNA)
GC
Hydrogen bonds
Antiparallel strands
Nucleosome packaging
Histone proteins
Chromatin formation
RNA structure
Singlestranded
Various forms
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Others (snRNA, miRNA)
Secondary structures
Hairpin loops
Stemloops
Tertiary structures
Complex folding
Functional domains
Functions of nucleic acids
Genetic information storage
DNA replication
RNA transcription
Protein synthesis
mRNA translation
tRNA role in codonanticodon pairing
Regulation of gene expression
Noncoding RNAs
microRNAs (miRNAs)
long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)
Catalysis
Ribozymes
Selfsplicing introns
RNA catalysis in protein synthesis
Genetic variation
Mutations
Point mutations
Insertions and deletions
Chromosomal rearrangements