MindMap Gallery Introduction to Tourism
Tourism studies mainly studies tourism phenomena and their laws, including the definition, classification, development, economic benefits, social and environmental impacts of tourism, etc. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!
Edited at 2024-11-29 07:44:12這是一篇關於把時間當作朋友的心智圖,《把時間當作朋友》是一本關於時間管理和個人成長的實用指南。作者李笑來透過豐富的故事和生動的例子,教導讀者如何克服拖延、提高效率、規劃未來等實用技巧。這本書不僅適合正在為未來奮鬥的年輕人,也適合所有希望更好地管理時間、實現個人成長的人。
This is a mind map about treating time as a friend. "Treating Time as a Friend" is a practical guide on time management and personal growth. Author Li Xiaolai teaches readers practical skills on how to overcome procrastination, improve efficiency, and plan for the future through rich stories and vivid examples. This book is not only suitable for young people who are struggling for the future, but also for everyone who wants to better manage time and achieve personal growth.
這七個習慣相輔相成,共同構成了高效能人士的核心特質。透過培養這些習慣,人們可以提升自己的領導力、溝通能力、團隊協作能力和自我管理能力,從而在工作和生活中取得更大的成功。
這是一篇關於把時間當作朋友的心智圖,《把時間當作朋友》是一本關於時間管理和個人成長的實用指南。作者李笑來透過豐富的故事和生動的例子,教導讀者如何克服拖延、提高效率、規劃未來等實用技巧。這本書不僅適合正在為未來奮鬥的年輕人,也適合所有希望更好地管理時間、實現個人成長的人。
This is a mind map about treating time as a friend. "Treating Time as a Friend" is a practical guide on time management and personal growth. Author Li Xiaolai teaches readers practical skills on how to overcome procrastination, improve efficiency, and plan for the future through rich stories and vivid examples. This book is not only suitable for young people who are struggling for the future, but also for everyone who wants to better manage time and achieve personal growth.
這七個習慣相輔相成,共同構成了高效能人士的核心特質。透過培養這些習慣,人們可以提升自己的領導力、溝通能力、團隊協作能力和自我管理能力,從而在工作和生活中取得更大的成功。
Introduction to Tourism
Travel and Tourism
The emergence and development of tourism
produce
Migration》Travel》Tourism
develop
The development of ancient travel
ancient travel in the west
Travel during slave society
It was first developed in civilized countries such as ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire, and reached its heyday in ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
Travel in feudal society
In the 7th and 8th centuries, the Islamic Korean system promoted the expansion of religious tourism. Famous travelers Suleiman and Masu
In the 11th century, hotels emerged to promote the development of business travel.
13th century, "The Travels of Marco Polo". Famous traveler Arabian Ibn Battuta (Asia, Africa, Europe)
In the middle and late 15th century, there was a craze for gold and exploration in Europe.
In the mid-18th century, Darwin found a scientific explanation for the origin of species during his voyage around the world and founded the great theory of evolution.
ancient travel in china
Travel during slave society
"The Biography of Emperor Mu" records that King Ba Jun of Zhou Mu visited the world to the west, and the representative figures Confucius and Mozi
Travel in feudal society
The “Silk Road” during the Qin and Han Dynasties
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, landscape poetry and travel notes emerged. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, people who pursued entertainment and roaming life mostly focused on travel activities, with scholars wandering and religious travel as the main focus.
The stable social and economic prosperity during the Sui Dynasty promoted the development of tourism activities
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was extremely common for scholars to roam, and travel literature entered its heyday.
During the Qingming period, travel activities matured. Famous travelers Zheng He, Xu Xiake and medical scientist Li Shizhen
Modern tourism development
The industrial revolution promoted the birth of modern tourism
The economic basis of modern tourism
Intrinsic demand generated by modern tourism
Technical conditions for modern tourism
The official birth of modern tourism
Mas Cook took the lead in setting up corresponding organizational structures, and modern tourism was officially born.
China's modern tourism
China Travel Service - established the "Travel Department" in Shanghai in 1923 and was officially established in 1927
modern tourism development
Reasons for current tourism development
The international political situation is relatively stable
world economic development
Popularity of paid holidays
Advances in transportation
Characteristics of current tourism
Popularity of tourism
geographical breadth
China travel now
The rise of vacation tourism in my country since the 1990s marked the entry into an advanced stage of the development of my country's tourism industry.
travel
definition
Domestic definition of tourism
It is a new form of advanced consumption
Foreign definitions of tourism
"Este's definition" refers to the sum of phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and temporary residence of non-settlers
property
It is a comprehensive social phenomenon that has social, cultural, economic and political attributes at the same time (cultural attributes, cultural attributes, economic attributes, political attributes)
Classification
Classification by travel purpose
Sightseeing
Recreational
Travel type
cultural type
Visiting relatives
Special travel
adventure
religion
Shopping
physical education
health care
industry
ecology
Divided by geographical scope
international travel
transnational
intercontinental
global
Domestic travel
local
regional
national
Features
Comprehensive
universality
off-site mobility
Leisure and entertainment
seasonal variability
Tourism
Nature of subject
social studies
Marginal subjects
Applied subjects
Economics
Main research objects
The occurrence, development, conditions, various internal contradictory relationships and movement patterns of tourism phenomena. Specific objects include tourists, tourism resources, tourism industry, etc.
Travel theme - tourist
tourist definition
Definition of international tourist
Definition of the Committee of Experts on Statistics of the League of Nations
tourist
Those listed as tourists within 24 hours include: 1️⃣Those who travel abroad for recreation, family matters and physical health purposes 2️⃣Those who attend events 3️⃣Those who travel abroad for work-related injuries 4️⃣Those who come to visit during a maritime cruise even if the stay does not exceed 24 hours
non-tourist
engaged in work
settle down
study, students
Daily border crossing staff
Staff who temporarily cross the border without staying
Rome International Tourism Conference Definition
overnight tourist
Overnight tourists
World Tourism Organization Definition
international tourist
non-international tourists
Definition from the National Bureau of Statistics of China
Inbound overnight visitors
Inbound one-day tourists
Definition of domestic tourist
world tourism organization
North American and European Countries
European countries
National Bureau of Statistics of China
Domestic overnight tourists
Domestic tourists on one day
Conditions for the creation of tourists
objective
Ability to pay
have free time
weekdays
weekend
public holiday
Paid time off
subjective
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
hierarchy of needs theory
The impact of hierarchy of needs theory on tourism
need for respect
self-actualization needs
Mackintosh's theory of tourism motivation
Parrott's mental type model
self
middle
Near egocentric and near polycentric
Tanaka Kazuki’s travel motivation theory
Types and Characteristics of Tourists
Sightseeing
entertainment type
cultural type
Healthcare type
Travel type
Family and personal matters
The object of tourism-tourism resources
Overview of tourism resources
definition
attractive to tourists
availability
Tourism resource development brings economic benefits
Features
Ornamental
Regional
Seasonal
Immobility
scientific culture
Comprehensive
Classification
New status classification
Basic attribute classification
nature
area
meteorological
hydrology
biology
Humanities
Tourism resource evaluation
significance
Purpose
content
method
Tourism resource development and protection
definition
importance
content
in principle
The dialectical relationship between tourism resource development and protection
Reasons for damage to tourism resources
Measures to protect tourism resources
The medium of tourism-tourism industry
Tourism Industry Overview
definition
Relying on tourism resources and using tourism facilities as material conditions, we create convenient conditions for tourists' tourism activities for a fee.
constitute
"Three pillars theory"
The five major departments said”
Six elements theory
Properties and characteristics
Economy
cultural comprehensiveness
dependence
Seasonal
vulnerability
travel agency
produce
The emergence of foreign travel agencies
The emergence of domestic travel agencies
my country's first travel agency
my country's three major national travel agencies
China Travel Service
China International Travel Service
China Youth Travel Service
Definition and classification
Definition: An enterprise legal person engaged in activities such as soliciting, organizing, and receiving tourists, providing services to tourists, and conducting domestic tourism business, inbound tourism business, or outbound tourism business
Classification:
Classification of travel agencies in European and American countries
travel wholesaler
travel retailer
tour operator
Classification of travel agencies in my country
Travel agencies that can operate domestic tourism business and inbound tourism affairs
Travel agencies that can operate domestic tourism business, inbound tourism business and outbound tourism business
effect
Is an organizer of tourism activities
Is a seller of travel products
Is a provider of travel consulting
way of doing business
Wholesale-package travel
Retail-Individual Travel
Individual travelers form groups
agency
tourist hotel
develop
The ancient inn period - the luxury hotel period - the commercial hotel period - the modern hotel period
Classification
Classification by service objects
Business hotel
resort hotel
Conference hotel
Extended stay hotel
According to building size
Classification by business mode
Group management
Independent business
joint operation
By geographical location
central city
Scenic Area
highway hotel
rating
Development trend
Services develop toward personalization
Management develops toward intelligence
Marketing develops online
In terms of organizational structure, the development is towards grouping and segmentation.
The hotel environment is developing towards green and low-carbon
tourist attractions
definition
The main function is to meet the purpose of tourists' travel, and it has tourism service facilities and provides corresponding services.
Classification
Classified by scenic area size
extra large
Large
medium size
small
Classified by core tourist attractions
Natural landscape scenic spots
Cultural landscape scenic spots
Rural and pastoral scenic spots
Nowadays entertainment scenic spots
Comprehensive attractions
Classified by scenic area functions and products
Sightseeing experience
leisure and entertainment
Vacation stay
Rehabilitation
Awards and events
Study and education
sports sports
Comprehensive services
quality level
From high to low - AAAAA—AAAA—AAA—AA—A
travel transportation
definition
It is a means of transportation used by tourists in the process of spatial transfer of tourism activities.
effect
Prerequisites for the emergence and development of tourism
An important source of tourism revenue
Enrich the content of tourism activities
Methods and characteristics
road traffic
railway transportation
air traffic
water transport
Ropeway transportation
Factors influencing tourists’ choice of travel transportation modes
travel transportation
shipping price
travel distance
tourists themselves
travel shopping
Definition of travel shopping
Purchase various physical goods during travel
The definition, classification and characteristics of travel shopping products
Definition: Purchased material products with national or local characteristics
Classification
tourist handicrafts
Cultural public goods
travel souvenirs
Flavored local products
luxury jewelry
Special clothing
Travel food and daily necessities
Other products
Features
commemorative
art appreciation
local or national characteristics
Propaganda
The role of tourism and shopping industry
Meet the diverse needs of tourists
Increase the added value of the tourism industry
Expand the popularity of tourist destinations
Promote the development of tourism-related industries
Travel and entertainment
Definition of tourism and entertainment
Industries that meet entertainment needs in tourist destinations
The definition of tourism and entertainment and the characteristics of its products
Definition: The act of purchasing and consuming tourism and entertainment products and services in commercial cultural and entertainment venues for the purpose of pursuing psychological pleasure.
Features
artificial creativity
participatory
theme distinctiveness
innovativeness
Types of entertainment products
Spatial location division of facilities
Classification of business nature
Division of activities in entertainment facilities
The role of tourism and entertainment
Increase tourism revenue
Enhance the attractiveness of tourism products
Balanced travel index
online travel
Definition and core values
main mode
Online travel agency model
Online direct sales model for tourism companies
Tourism product third-party trading platform model
Development trend
Accelerate online and offline integration
Online products are more abundant
Scenic spot marketing competition intensifies
Low-end hotels are accelerating their launch
tourism market
Tourism market overview
definition
Composed of tourists from different regions, different countries, different classes and ages.
Components
Tourists Travel Purchasing Power Travel Purchase Desire Travel Purchase Rights
forming conditions
Tourism resource status of tourist destinations
The level of economic development of the market in terms of tourism supply and demand
The human-geographic relationship in the tourism supply and demand market
Tourism supply market development level
Give play to the active role of the government
Features
compete
season
fluctuation
Diverse
Classification
Tourism market segmentation
definition
The market classification process that divides an overall market into several tourist groups
effect
Discover market opportunities
Develop marketing mix strategy
Improve the competitiveness of enterprises
standard
Population attributes
geographical environment
psychological factors
buying behavior
China tourism market
Entry
domestic
leaving the country
international tourism market
Classification
Europe
America
east asia and pacific
Africa
middle East
South Asia
International tourist flow patterns
Long-distance tourism has broad prospects for development
Tourists mostly stay in scenic spots and political, economic and cultural centers
Tourist flows and directions are concentrated in economically developed countries and regions
International tourist flow flows between countries or regions with some special relationship
tourism organization
Tourism Organization Overview
definition
Specialized agencies with administrative functions or coordination and development functions
Classification
Classification of tourism organization nature
Tourism administrative organization
tourism industry organization
Division of spatial scope involved in tourism organizations
International Tourism Organization
national tourism organization
local tourism organization
Division of rights of tourism organizations
official tourism organization
semi-official tourism organization
unofficial tourism organization
effect
Promote the formulation of tourism-related policies
Help establish and enhance the image of tourist destinations
Strengthen talent development in the tourism industry
International Tourism Organization
Origin and development
Classification
Membership
organizational status
geographical scope
Scope of work
major international tourism organizations
World Tourism OrganizationUNWTO
Pacific Asia Travel Association PATA
World Federation of Travel Agents and Associations UFTAA
International Air Transport Association IATA
International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO
World Tourism Cities Federation WTCF
my country’s tourism organizations
Tourism administrative organization
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Tourism administrative agencies of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government
Local tourism administrative agencies below the provincial level
tourism industry organization
China Tourism AssociationCTA
China Association of Travel Agencies CATS
China Tourist Hotels Association CTHA
China Tourist Car and Boat Association CTACA
China Culinary AssociationCCA
Impact of tourism
economic impact of tourism
positive
Expand employment channels and increase employment opportunities
Promote the development of related industries
increase government tax
Increase foreign exchange earnings and balance international payments
Expand domestic demand and promote currency withdrawal
Balance regional economic development
negative
Cause price rise
leading to imbalance in industrial structure
Affect the stability of the national economy
Social and cultural impact of tourism
positive
Improve national quality and cultivate patriotism
Enhance mutual understanding between countries and promote friendly exchanges
Promote the protection and development of traditional culture
negative
Traditional culture has been destroyed or mutated
Changes in the values of residents in tourist destinations
The lives of residents in tourist destinations are disrupted
Environmental impact of tourism
positive
Promote tourist destinations to improve their environment and improve environmental quality
Raise people's awareness of environmental protection
Improve infrastructure and tourism service facilities
Protect natural scenic spots and historical sites
negative
causing environmental pollution
causing landscape imbalance
causing ecological damage
Sustainable development and development trends of tourism
sustainable development theory
The proposal of sustainable development
Proposed in the 1970s, it has become a common goal pursued in the 21st century
Definition and content
Coordinated development of population, economy, society, resources and environment
content:
ecologically sustainable development
sustainable economic development
social sustainable development
significance
It is of great significance for human beings to understand the natural, economic, social and environment and handle their relationship well.
sustainable development of tourism
Development overview
While maintaining cultural integrity and protecting the ecological environment, we can also meet people’s economic and social aesthetic requirements.
connotation
meet needs
demand constraints
intergenerational equity
Target
Improve people's understanding of the environmental and economic effects of tourism and strengthen their ecological awareness
Promote fair development of tourism
Improve the quality of life in tourist destinations
Provide high-quality tourism services to tourists
Protect the environmental quality on which the above objectives depend
my country’s approach to sustainable development
Develop tourism resources
Operation and management of tourism resources
Strengthen environmental awareness
Green tourism industry
Green Tourism Agriculture
Green scenic spot
green transportation
green travel agency
Green tourist hotel
Practice the concept of green environmental protection
tourist behavior
government
Formulate relevant policies and regulations to achieve sustainable development of tourism industry
Provide training and education to relevant tourism departments, enterprises and practitioners
Develop principles for sustainable tourism development
Simplify travel-related procedures
Sustainable Development Trends in Tourism
Development trends of world tourism
Tourism activities are increasingly diversified, personalized and themed
International tourists shift to Asia-Pacific region
The development trend of my country’s tourism industry
Deeply promote mass tourism
Actively develop smart tourism
Promote the development of smart tourism
Accelerate the application of new technologies to technological innovation
Enrich high-quality tourism industry products gong ji
Improve tourist public facilities
Improve tourism service quality
Build a cultural exchange and tourism promotion system with foreign countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan