Migration》Travel》Tourism

The development of ancient travel

Modern tourism development

modern tourism development

Domestic definition of tourism

Foreign definitions of tourism

It is a comprehensive social phenomenon that has social, cultural, economic and political attributes at the same time (cultural attributes, cultural attributes, economic attributes, political attributes)

Classification by travel purpose

Divided by geographical scope

Comprehensive

universality

off-site mobility

Leisure and entertainment

seasonal variability

social studies

Marginal subjects

Applied subjects

Economics

The occurrence, development, conditions, various internal contradictory relationships and movement patterns of tourism phenomena. Specific objects include tourists, tourism resources, tourism industry, etc.

Definition of the Committee of Experts on Statistics of the League of Nations

Rome International Tourism Conference Definition

World Tourism Organization Definition

Definition from the National Bureau of Statistics of China

world tourism organization

North American and European Countries

European countries

National Bureau of Statistics of China

Ability to pay

have free time

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Mackintosh's theory of tourism motivation

Parrott's mental type model

Tanaka Kazuki’s travel motivation theory

attractive to tourists

availability

Tourism resource development brings economic benefits

Ornamental

Regional

Seasonal

Immobility

scientific culture

Comprehensive

New status classification

Basic attribute classification

Relying on tourism resources and using tourism facilities as material conditions, we create convenient conditions for tourists' tourism activities for a fee.

"Three pillars theory"

The five major departments said”

Six elements theory

Economy

cultural comprehensiveness

dependence

Seasonal

vulnerability

The emergence of foreign travel agencies

The emergence of domestic travel agencies

Definition: An enterprise legal person engaged in activities such as soliciting, organizing, and receiving tourists, providing services to tourists, and conducting domestic tourism business, inbound tourism business, or outbound tourism business

Classification:

Is an organizer of tourism activities

Is a seller of travel products

Is a provider of travel consulting

Wholesale-package travel

Retail-Individual Travel

The ancient inn period - the luxury hotel period - the commercial hotel period - the modern hotel period

Classification by service objects

According to building size

Classification by business mode

By geographical location

Services develop toward personalization

Management develops toward intelligence

Marketing develops online

In terms of organizational structure, the development is towards grouping and segmentation.

The hotel environment is developing towards green and low-carbon

The main function is to meet the purpose of tourists' travel, and it has tourism service facilities and provides corresponding services.

Classified by scenic area size

Classified by core tourist attractions

Classified by scenic area functions and products

From high to low - AAAAA—AAAA—AAA—AA—A

It is a means of transportation used by tourists in the process of spatial transfer of tourism activities.

Prerequisites for the emergence and development of tourism

An important source of tourism revenue

Enrich the content of tourism activities

road traffic

railway transportation

air traffic

water transport

Ropeway transportation

travel transportation

tourists themselves

Purchase various physical goods during travel

Definition: Purchased material products with national or local characteristics

Classification

Features

Meet the diverse needs of tourists

Increase the added value of the tourism industry

Expand the popularity of tourist destinations

Promote the development of tourism-related industries

Industries that meet entertainment needs in tourist destinations

Definition: The act of purchasing and consuming tourism and entertainment products and services in commercial cultural and entertainment venues for the purpose of pursuing psychological pleasure.

Features

Spatial location division of facilities

Classification of business nature

Division of activities in entertainment facilities

Increase tourism revenue

Enhance the attractiveness of tourism products

Balanced travel index

Online travel agency model

Online direct sales model for tourism companies

Tourism product third-party trading platform model

Accelerate online and offline integration

Online products are more abundant

Scenic spot marketing competition intensifies

Low-end hotels are accelerating their launch

Composed of tourists from different regions, different countries, different classes and ages.

Tourists Travel Purchasing Power Travel Purchase Desire Travel Purchase Rights

Tourism resource status of tourist destinations

The level of economic development of the market in terms of tourism supply and demand

The human-geographic relationship in the tourism supply and demand market

Tourism supply market development level

Give play to the active role of the government

compete

season

fluctuation

Diverse

The market classification process that divides an overall market into several tourist groups

Discover market opportunities

Develop marketing mix strategy

Improve the competitiveness of enterprises

Population attributes

geographical environment

psychological factors

buying behavior

Europe

America

east asia and pacific

Africa

middle East

South Asia

Long-distance tourism has broad prospects for development

Tourists mostly stay in scenic spots and political, economic and cultural centers

Tourist flows and directions are concentrated in economically developed countries and regions

International tourist flow flows between countries or regions with some special relationship

Specialized agencies with administrative functions or coordination and development functions

Classification of tourism organization nature

Division of spatial scope involved in tourism organizations

Division of rights of tourism organizations

Promote the formulation of tourism-related policies

Help establish and enhance the image of tourist destinations

Strengthen talent development in the tourism industry

Membership

organizational status

geographical scope

Scope of work

World Tourism OrganizationUNWTO

Pacific Asia Travel Association PATA

World Federation of Travel Agents and Associations UFTAA

International Air Transport Association IATA

International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO

World Tourism Cities Federation WTCF

Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Tourism administrative agencies of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government

Local tourism administrative agencies below the provincial level

China Tourism AssociationCTA

China Association of Travel Agencies CATS

China Tourist Hotels Association CTHA

China Tourist Car and Boat Association CTACA

China Culinary AssociationCCA

Expand employment channels and increase employment opportunities

Promote the development of related industries

increase government tax

Increase foreign exchange earnings and balance international payments

Expand domestic demand and promote currency withdrawal

Balance regional economic development

Cause price rise

leading to imbalance in industrial structure

Affect the stability of the national economy

Improve national quality and cultivate patriotism

Enhance mutual understanding between countries and promote friendly exchanges

Promote the protection and development of traditional culture

Traditional culture has been destroyed or mutated

Changes in the values ​​of residents in tourist destinations

The lives of residents in tourist destinations are disrupted

Promote tourist destinations to improve their environment and improve environmental quality

Raise people's awareness of environmental protection

Improve infrastructure and tourism service facilities

Protect natural scenic spots and historical sites

causing environmental pollution

causing landscape imbalance

causing ecological damage

Proposed in the 1970s, it has become a common goal pursued in the 21st century

Coordinated development of population, economy, society, resources and environment

content:

It is of great significance for human beings to understand the natural, economic, social and environment and handle their relationship well.

While maintaining cultural integrity and protecting the ecological environment, we can also meet people’s economic and social aesthetic requirements.

meet needs

demand constraints

intergenerational equity

Improve people's understanding of the environmental and economic effects of tourism and strengthen their ecological awareness

Promote fair development of tourism

Improve the quality of life in tourist destinations

Provide high-quality tourism services to tourists

Protect the environmental quality on which the above objectives depend

Develop tourism resources

Operation and management of tourism resources

Tourism activities are increasingly diversified, personalized and themed

International tourists shift to Asia-Pacific region

Deeply promote mass tourism

Actively develop smart tourism