MindMap Gallery Engineering Project Management Chapter 2 Engineering Project Organization Management Mind Map
This is a mind map about engineering project management Chapter 2 Engineering Project Organization Management, including the organizational structure form, project organization form, project manager, five organizational tools, etc.
Edited at 2024-11-27 11:59:33Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Engineering project organization and management
organizational structure
1. Design and construction are subcontracted separately and in parallel.
advantage
Convenient for owners to choose the best
Helps shorten project cycle
Conducive to controlling project quality
Conducive to prospering the construction market
shortcoming
Large number of contracts and heavy coordination workload
Investment control is difficult
2. Separate general contracting for design and construction
Small and medium
advantage
Less coordination workload for owners
Small number of contracts and simple contract management
shortcoming
The contractor is at high risk
3. Engineering Project Contracting (EPC), also known as “turnkey project”
Large
advantage
Clear responsibilities and simple contractual relationships
Easy to coordinate and control, conducive to cost control
Design and construction can be arranged as a whole by the unit
Conducive to progress and investment control
shortcoming
Bidding and contracting are difficult and can easily lead to contract disputes
Owners have a narrow range of choices
Difficult to control quality
Owner initiative is limited
The contractor has high risks and the contract price is high
4. DBB model (design-bidding-construction)
advantage
Strong general purpose
Clear distribution of rights, responsibilities and benefits among the three parties
Facilitates contract management, risk management and investment reduction
shortcoming
Long project cycle
Owner management fees are higher
Large initial investment
5. Engineering project general contracting management (project trusteeship) (PMC)
advantage
Conducive to contract management, coordination and control
shortcoming
Take big risks
6. Risk-based CM model (design and construction at the same time)
shorter time
7. Construction joint venture
large, giant
advantage
Strong economic strength
Complete professional range
High professional level
High probability of winning the bid and low construction risk and liability
shortcoming
The total price is too high
Differences in opinions
8. BOT model (management-operation-transfer)
advantage
Reduce the burden on government management projects
Expand local funding sources
Can gain huge profits and expand business activity space
Reduce market competition pressure
shortcoming
Government: Taking greater risks and making it harder to determine the rate of return
Project Company: Risks of market changes, investment returns are uncertain
9. PPP model
Improve project operation success rate
Project organization form
Straight type
Each employee only listens to one leader
Functional
Disadvantages: Multiple management, chaotic management
straight line function
Suitable for small and medium sized
Advantages: centralized leadership, clear responsibilities
Disadvantages: long information transmission route
project style
Large scale, tight construction period requirements
advantage
Project-focused with clear goals
Centralized power, consistent orders, and quick decision-making
Simple, flexible and easy to operate
Conducive to the growth of comprehensive management talents
shortcoming
Organizations are duplicated and resources are idle
It is difficult to provide opportunities for mutual communication and learning, which is not conducive to the improvement of the company's technical level.
It is not conducive to the overall coordination of corporate leaders
Not conducive to communication between the project and the outside world
Lack of work continuity and security, exacerbating enterprise instability
Matrix (grid)
Suitable for large enterprises high-tech enterprise General engineering contracting company Working on large construction projects company
advantage
Having a dedicated project manager responsible for managing the entire project can overcome the passive situation of unclear functional organization, no one taking responsibility for the project, and difficulty in coordination.
Reduce resource clutter that occurs in project-based organizations
Reasonable use of resources
Project team members are less worried about the end of the project. When the designated project is no longer needed, project personnel have their own functional destinations and most of them return to their original functional departments.
Have greater mobility and adaptability
By balancing the power of functional managers and project managers, business leaders can make overall arrangements for resources to ensure the achievement of the overall system goals.
shortcoming
The balance of power can easily aggravate tensions between project managers and functional managers, and even cause antagonism among managers.
Each project manager cares more about the success of his or her own project than the goals of the entire company
It is difficult for the project manager to clearly distinguish the responsibilities and rights of the project and functional departments during the execution process
Project members receive dual leadership
Project managers need to spend a lot of time coordinating between various functional departments, which affects the speed and efficiency of decision-making, especially in a balanced matrix.
project manager
Business quality
Professional ability
management, finance, legal, economics, risk
Leadership, coordination, public relations, adaptability,
Innovation, decision-making, organization, command, control, coordination
Five organizational tools
Project structure chart
organizational chart
Work task division table
Management function division table
workflow diagram