MindMap Gallery Molecular mechanism of DNA replication
The molecular mechanism of DNA replication involves the coordination of various enzymes and proteins, including DNA polymerase, helicase, and single-strand binding protein. The replication process is divided into initiation, elongation, and termination stages, each tightly regulated to ensure precise DNA replication. Additionally, proofreading mechanisms and mismatch repair ensure high fidelity of DNA replication.
Edited at 2024-12-17 07:04:22In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Molecular mechanism of DNA replication
DNA structure
Double helix
Two strands
Complementary base pairing
Adenine with Thymine
Cytosine with Guanine
Antiparallel orientation
Backbone of sugarphosphate
Semiconservative replication
Each strand serves as a template
New strand is synthesized
Complementary to the template strand
Enzymes and proteins involved
Helicase
Unwinds DNA double helix
Forms replication fork
Singlestrand binding proteins (SSBs)
Stabilize unwound DNA strands
Topoisomerase
Relieves supercoiling
Prevents tangling of DNA strands
RNA primase
Synthesizes RNA primer
Provides starting point for DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Main enzyme for DNA synthesis
Adds nucleotides to the growing strand
Follows the 5' to 3' direction
Requires a template strand
Proofreading activity
Corrects mismatched nucleotides
DNA ligase
Joins Okazaki fragments
Closes the sugarphosphate backbone
Replication process
Initiation
Origin of replication (oriC)
Specific sequence recognized
Unwinding by helicase
Elongation
Leading strand synthesis
Continuous synthesis in 5' to 3' direction
Lagging strand synthesis
Discontinuous synthesis in 3' to 5' direction
Okazaki fragments
Later joined by DNA ligase
Termination
Specific sequences
Signal the end of replication
Dissociation of replication proteins
Completion of DNA duplication
Replication fidelity
Proofreading by DNA polymerase
Removal of mismatched nucleotides
Mismatch repair system
Corrects errors postreplication
Maintains genomic stability
Replication in eukaryotes
More complex than prokaryotes
Multiple origins of replication
Cell cycle regulation
G1, S, G2, and M phases
Telomerase
Maintains chromosome ends
Prevents shortening during replication
Replication in prokaryotes
Single circular chromosome
One origin of replication
Rapid cell division
Efficient replication mechanism
Allows for quick population growth