MindMap Gallery Enzyme catalyzed reaction
Enzyme catalyzed reactions are characterized by high efficiency, specificity, and regulatability. Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy, through mechanisms involving substrate binding, the formation of catalytic intermediates, and product release. Additionally, enzymes catalyze various types of reactions, such as hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction, and transfer reactions, playing crucial roles in biological metabolism.
Edited at 2024-12-17 07:41:44In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Enzyme catalyzed reaction
Definition
Biological catalyst
Speeds up chemical reactions
Characteristics
Specificity
Substrate specificity
Lock and key model
Induced fit model
Enantioselectivity
Regioselectivity
Efficiency
Lower activation energy
Faster reaction rates
Sensitivity to environmental conditions
pH
Temperature
Concentration
Mechanism
Active site
Where substrate binds
Contains amino acid residues
Substrate binding
Noncovalent interactions
Hydrogen bonds
Electrostatic interactions
Van der Waals forces
Hydrophobic interactions
Catalytic process
Transition state stabilization
Strain and distortion
Proximity and orientation
Covalent catalysis
Types of reactions
Oxidoreductases
Redox reactions
Transferases
Group transfer
Hydrolases
Hydrolysis reactions
Lyases
Additionelimination reactions
Isomerases
Isomerization reactions
Ligases
Joining two molecules
Regulation
Allosteric regulation
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Activators
Covalent modification
Phosphorylation
Acetylation
Proteolytic activation
Zymogens
Gene expression
Upregulation or downregulation
Industrial applications
Biocatalysis
Production of pharmaceuticals
Food industry
Environmental bioremediation
Detoxification of pollutants
Biosensors
Detection of analytes
Medical relevance
Drug development
Enzyme inhibitors
Prodrugs
Diagnostic tools
Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Treatment of enzyme deficiencies
Enzyme replacement therapy
Inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Competes with substrate for active site
Noncompetitive inhibition
Binds to enzyme at a site other than active site
Uncompetitive inhibition
Binds only to enzymesubstrate complex
Irreversible inhibition
Covalent binding to enzyme
Permanent inactivation