MindMap Gallery DNA replication process
The DNA replication process involves the elongation of DNA strands (role and fidelity of DNA polymerases), the structure and function of the replication fork, and the specific roles of different types of DNA polymerases during replication, collectively ensuring accurate transmission of DNA genetic information.
Edited at 2024-12-17 07:46:28In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
DNA replication process
Initiation
Origin of replication
Specific DNA sequence
Recognized by initiator proteins
Helicase activation
Unwinds double helix
Forms replication fork
Elongation
Leading strand synthesis
Continuous synthesis
Polymerase III
Adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction
Moves with replication fork
Lagging strand synthesis
Discontinuous synthesis
Okazaki fragments
Short segments
Polymerase I removes RNA primers
Filled with DNA by polymerase I
Ligase joins fragments
Replication fork
Yshaped structure
Two replication forks form at origin
Parental strands separate
DNA polymerases
Polymerase III
Main replicative enzyme
Proofreading activity
Polymerase I
Removes RNA primers
Fills in gaps
Polymerase II, IV, V
DNA repair and translesion synthesis
Priming
RNA primers
Synthesized by primase
Provide starting point for DNA polymerase
Proofreading and repair
Mismatch repair
Corrects errors
Enzymes recognize and repair
Nucleotide excision repair
Removes damaged sections
Replaces with correct nucleotides
Termination
Replication ends
Reaches termination site
Replication forks meet
Disassembly of replication machinery
Proteins dissociate from DNA
Regulation
Cell cycle control
Checkpoints ensure replication accuracy
Proteinprotein interactions
Regulate enzyme activity
DNA damage response
Halts replication if damage detected
Activates repair mechanisms