MindMap Gallery Combustion reactions and fuels
Combustion reactions are processes where fuels react with an oxidant, usually oxygen, to release energy. Common fuels include solid fuels (such as coal), liquid fuels (like petroleum), and gaseous fuels (such as natural gas). The effectiveness of combustion is influenced by factors such as oxygen concentration, fuel type, temperature, and pressure. These factors collectively determine the rate of combustion, heat value, and pollution levels produced.
Edited at 2024-12-17 08:32:11In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Combustion reactions and fuels
Combustion reactions
Definition
Chemical reaction involving oxygen
Releases heat and light
Types of combustion
Complete combustion
All carbon in fuel converts to CO2
All hydrogen converts to H2O
Incomplete combustion
Some carbon remains as CO
Unburned hydrocarbons may be present
Combustion equation
General form
Fuel + Oxygen → Products + Energy
Example
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
Fuels
Classification
Solid fuels
Coal
Wood
Liquid fuels
Petroleum
Biofuels
Gaseous fuels
Natural gas
Hydrogen
Energy content
Calorific value
Measure of energy released per unit mass
Units
Joules per kilogram (J/kg)
British thermal units (BTU)
Environmental impact
Greenhouse gas emissions
CO2
Methane
Air pollutants
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
Particulate matter
Factors affecting combustion
Oxygen availability
More oxygen increases combustion efficiency
Temperature
Higher temperatures increase reaction rate
Fuelair ratio
Optimal ratio for complete combustion
Catalysts
Substances that speed up combustion reactions
Combustion efficiency
Definition
Measure of how completely fuel is burned
Improving efficiency
Proper fuelair mixing
Advanced combustion technologies
Consequences of inefficiency
Energy waste
Increased pollution
Applications
Power generation
Combustion engines
Steam turbines
Heating systems
Furnaces
Boilers
Transportation
Internal combustion engines
Jet propulsion
Alternative fuels
Renewable energy sources
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Biofuels
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Hydrogen fuel cells
Zero emissions
High energy conversion efficiency