MindMap Gallery The mechanism of action of antioxidants
The mechanism of action of antioxidants mainly involves their types, modes of action, and sources. Common types of antioxidants include vitamin E, vitamin C, polyphenols, and selenium, which prevent oxidative damage to cells and tissues by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting oxidase activity, and chelating metal ions. Antioxidants are widely available in nature and can be obtained through natural foods and synthetic products. A balanced diet and supplement intake are important ways to obtain sufficient antioxidants.
Edited at 2024-12-23 05:57:02In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
The mechanism of action of antioxidants
Definition of antioxidants
Substances that inhibit oxidation
Delay or prevent cellular damage
Types of antioxidants
Enzymatic antioxidants
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide
Protects against reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Catalase
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Maintains cellular redox balance
Glutathione peroxidase
Reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides
Protects cell membranes
Nonenzymatic antioxidants
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Watersoluble antioxidant
Neutralizes free radicals
Vitamin E (tocopherols)
Fatsoluble antioxidant
Protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation
Carotenoids
Pigments found in plants
Scavenge singlet oxygen and free radicals
Mechanism of action
Direct radical scavenging
Donation of electrons or hydrogen atoms
Formation of stable radicals or molecules
Metal chelation
Sequestering metal ions
Preventing metalcatalyzed oxidation
Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes
Induction of gene expression
Increased synthesis of antioxidant proteins
Regulation of signaling pathways
Inhibition of prooxidant enzymes
Activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs)
Biological roles
Protection against oxidative stress
Maintaining redox homeostasis
Preventing cellular damage and aging
Prevention of chronic diseases
Reducing risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases
Protecting against neurodegenerative disorders
Immune system support
Enhancing immune response
Regulating inflammation
Sources of antioxidants
Dietary sources
Fruits and vegetables
High in vitamins and phytochemicals
Nuts and seeds
Rich in vitamin E and minerals
Whole grains
Provide dietary fiber and antioxidants
Supplements
Synthetic antioxidant formulations
Available as pills or capsules
Natural antioxidant extracts
Derived from plants or herbs
Considerations and controversies
Optimal intake levels
Dosedependent effects
Potential for prooxidant activity at high doses
Synergistic effects
Combination of antioxidants may be more effective
Interactions with other nutrients and compounds
Research and evidence
Clinical trials and epidemiological studies
Continuing research to understand mechanisms and effects