MindMap Gallery Signal transmission pathway
The signal transmission pathway involves signal transduction, signal amplification, and signal termination. Signal transduction converts external signals into cellular responses, while signal amplification enhances the signal strength for effective transmission. Signal termination ensures that the signal stops once its purpose is achieved, preventing unnecessary cellular responses.
Edited at 2024-12-23 09:30:36In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Signal transmission pathway
Signal generation
External stimuli
Physical
Temperature changes
Mechanical forces
Chemical
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Light
Photoreceptors
Internal stimuli
Metabolic changes
Glucose levels
Oxygen concentration
Cellular damage
Inflammation signals
Signal transduction
Receptors
Membrane receptors
G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs)
Ion channel receptors
Intracellular receptors
Nuclear receptors
Cytosolic receptors
Second messengers
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
Diacylglycerol (DAG)
Protein phosphorylation
Kinases
Protein kinase A (PKA)
Protein kinase C (PKC)
Phosphatases
Dephosphorylation of proteins
Signal amplification
Cascade reactions
Enzyme cascades
MAPK pathway
JAKSTAT pathway
Cooperativity
Allosteric regulation
Positive cooperativity
Negative cooperativity
Signal integration
Crosstalk between pathways
Receptor crosstalk
Heterodimerization
Intracellular crosstalk
Shared second messengers
Shared kinases/phosphatases
Feedback loops
Negative feedback
Downregulation of pathway
Positive feedback
Upregulation of pathway
Signal termination
Receptor desensitization
Phosphorylation of receptors
Internalization of receptors
Degradation of second messengers
Phosphodiesterase activity
Calcium pump activity
Protein dephosphorylation
Reversal of kinase action
Cellular response
Gene expression changes
Transcription factor activation
mRNA synthesis
Protein synthesis changes
Translation regulation
Protein degradation
Metabolic changes
Enzyme activity modulation
Ion channel regulation
Behavioral changes
Muscle contraction
Neuronal firing patterns