MindMap Gallery The chemical structure of plastics
The chemical structure of plastics involves polymerization processes such as chain-growth and step-growth. Types of plastics include thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers, each with distinct properties. The molecular structure of plastics determines their physical properties, such as hardness, flexibility, and melting point.
Edited at 2024-12-25 12:59:54In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
The chemical structure of plastics
Monomers and Polymers
Monomers
Basic building blocks
Small molecules
Polymers
Large molecules
Multiple monomers linked together
Polymerization Process
Addition Polymerization
Monomers add without loss of atoms
Common in plastics like polyethylene
Condensation Polymerization
Monomers bond with loss of small molecules
Used in making polyesters and nylons
Types of Plastics
Thermoplastics
Melt upon heating
Can be reshaped
Polyethylene (PE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Thermosetting Plastics
Harden upon heating
Cannot be reshaped
Bakelite
Ureaformaldehyde resins
Molecular Structure
Linear Polymers
Straight chains
Flexible and can be drawn into fibers
Highdensity polyethylene (HDPE)
Branched Polymers
Side chains attached to main chain
Can affect material properties
Lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE)
Crosslinked Polymers
Bonds between chains
Increase strength and rigidity
Vulcanized rubber
Crystallinity
Degree of order in polymer structure
Affects physical properties
Transparency
Strength
Melting point
Semicrystalline plastics
Mix of ordered and disordered regions
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Amorphous plastics
No ordered structure
Polystyrene (PS)
Additives
Enhance properties or appearance
Plasticizers
Increase flexibility
Stabilizers
Protect against degradation
Colorants
Add color
Fillers
Add strength or reduce cost
Reinforce structure
Environmental Impact
Biodegradability
Ability to decompose naturally
Concerns with nonbiodegradable plastics
Recycling
Process of reusing plastics
Challenges with mixed plastic waste
Endoflife considerations
Disposal methods
Landfill
Incineration
Recycling
Environmental hazards
Microplastic pollution
Toxic emissions