The behavioral formula explains: B = MAP. This formula shows that the generation of behavior (Behavior) is the result of the interaction of motivation (Motivation), ability (Ability) and prompt (Prompt). When a person has sufficient motivation and the ability to perform a behavior, and is triggered by relevant cues, the behavior is most likely to occur. If any one of these elements is missing or insufficient, the behavior is less likely to occur.

The interrelationship between the three elements: Motivation is the inner desire or external inducement that triggers behavior, which gives direction and purpose to behavior; ability determines how difficult an individual feels when faced with a behavior. If the difficulty of the behavior exceeds the individual's ability, even if there is a strong Motivation is also difficult to implement; prompts are like the "trigger" of behavior. When both motivation and ability are available, timely prompts can prompt the behavior to occur immediately.

intrinsic motivation types

Types of extrinsic motivation

Influence of time factors: The length of time required for a behavior has a key impact on the occurrence of the behavior. For example, preparing a sumptuous dinner may take several hours to purchase ingredients and cook. During busy workdays, people often choose simple and quick take-out food due to lack of time; and some short-term behaviors, such as checking text messages on mobile phones, It can easily be done at fragmented times and is therefore more likely to occur.

Physical factors considerations: The degree of body energy consumption determines the feasibility of the behavior. For example, walking a short distance consumes less physical energy and is easy for most people to perform. However, if it is a long-distance walk or high-intensity physical labor, such as carrying heavy objects upstairs, it may be daunting due to lack of physical strength. Unless there is a special motivation or external tools to reduce the physical demands.

Brain factor analysis: The thinking and learning costs involved in behavior are important aspects of ability elements. For example, operating a new electronic product with complex functions and unfriendly interface requires a lot of time and energy to learn how to use it, which will discourage people from trying it; on the contrary, products with simple design and intuitive operation, such as point-and-shoot cameras, are almost useless. It requires complex mental investment and can be accepted and used by a wider range of people.

The role of social factors: Individual behavior is often constrained by the social environment and cultural norms. In formal business occasions, people will follow specific dress codes and etiquette guidelines, and behave more solemnly and appropriately; while in casual gatherings, they will be relatively relaxed and behave more casually. In addition, social customs, moral norms, etc. will also restrict or promote the occurrence of certain behaviors. For example, behaviors such as observing order in public places and caring for the environment are subject to social advocacy and supervision by others.

Examples of visual cues: Visual cues are ubiquitous in daily life and have a strong guiding effect on behavior. The flashing unread message icons on the mobile phone screen and the notification reminders pushed by the APP will attract users to click and view; the traffic lights and signs on the road guide the passage of pedestrians and vehicles; the exquisite product displays in store windows and advertising posters Eye-catching slogans can grab people's attention instantly and remind people to pay attention to related products or services.

Examples of auditory cues: Sound is also an effective prompt. The alarm clock ringing in the early morning reminds people to get up and start a new day; the ringtones of incoming calls and text message prompts on mobile phones prompt people to answer calls or check messages in time; broadcast notifications in some public places, such as stations and airports, remind passengers to pay attention to boarding and taking a bus. Time and other information; music can also be used as a reminder. For example, playing soothing background music in a shopping mall can create a shopping atmosphere. It may also prompt consumers to slow down and increase their stay.

Situational prompt analysis: A specific situation can become a prompt signal for behavior to occur. When entering the library, the quiet environment and neatly arranged books will naturally prompt people to stay quiet and start reading and studying; when entering the restaurant, the atmosphere of tables, chairs, tableware, menus and delicious food will prompt people to order and eat; when people sit at the desk In the past, when faced with office supplies such as computers and documents, it was easy to get into a working state. These situational factors were closely linked to specific behaviors, triggering corresponding behaviors in a subtle way.

behavioral design steps

Key points for developing habits