MindMap Gallery Basic biological processes of radiation injury
The basic biological processes of radiation injury encompass DNA damage, cell apoptosis and necrosis, immune response, and subsequent tissue repair. These processes are interconnected, collectively determining the organism's response to radiation. DNA damage is the primary event, triggering cell apoptosis or necrosis, while the immune system attempts to clear damaged cells and initiate repair mechanisms.
Edited at 2025-01-14 13:33:47In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Basic biological processes of radiation injury
Direct and indirect effects of radiation
Direct effects
Ionization of cellular molecules
DNA damage
Protein dysfunction
Immediate cell death
Indirect effects
Formation of free radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
Secondary damage to cellular components
Cellular response to radiation
DNA repair mechanisms
Base excision repair (BER)
Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
Homologous recombination (HR)
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)
Cell cycle arrest
G1/S checkpoint
G2/M checkpoint
Apoptosis
Mitochondrial pathway
Death receptor pathway
Tissue and organ effects
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS)
Gastrointestinal syndrome
Hematopoietic syndrome
Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular syndrome
Chronic radiation effects
Carcinogenesis
Genetic mutations
Tissue fibrosis
Radiation-induced inflammation
Cytokine release
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TNF-alpha
Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6)
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
Vascular changes
Increased permeability
Vasodilation
Immunological consequences
Suppression of immune response
Lymphocyte apoptosis
Impaired antigen presentation
Increased susceptibility to infection
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Radiation-induced oxidative stress
Disruption of redox balance
Depletion of antioxidants
Glutathione
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Decreased ATP production
Release of cytochrome c
Long-term effects
Late-onset cancers
Solid tumors
Leukemia
Genetic disorders
Chromosomal aberrations
Gene mutations
Organ dysfunction
Cataracts
Pulmonary fibrosis
Cardiovascular disease