From the mid-18th century to the early 19th century, Britain took the lead in launching the industrial revolution, and then other European countries followed suit. While industrialization brings economic development, it has caused a sharp increase in urban population and highlighted environmental problems. A large number of farmers have moved to cities to expand urban land, and the traditional garden pattern is difficult to adapt to new social needs.

The European bourgeois revolution in the 18th century overthrew the feudal monarchy, and many royal gardens were nationalized and opened to the public. At the same time, ideological liberation has led to the fall of traditional regular gardens, and natural and open garden forms have been favored.

After the renovation of the royal gardens in the UK, France and other countries, it became a place for citizens to have a leisure and entertainment, transforming from a private place of pleasure to a public space similar to a "public club". In addition, some private gardens have gradually opened up, becoming places for public gatherings and social interactions, and promoting social class exchanges.

The city has expanded in scale, and public green spaces and large parks specially designed for residents have begun to emerge, providing citizens with amusement and rest space, becoming an important part of urban life.

Influenced by British natural landscape gardens, European garden design has moved towards natural and open style, and pays more attention to integration with the urban environment, becoming an organic part of urban planning.

The original royal garden located in the center of the city and surrounding areas has been changed to a park open to citizens to visit, and some of them are newly built public gardens in the city and outskirts. Representative works include Kensington Park, Hyde Park, Green Park and Regent Park in London, England; Montsau and Suumun Hill Park in Paris, France;

Most of them have been changed from the original Royal Hunting Garden to a park that is open to the public for sightseeing, and some are newly built zoos for people to watch in wildlife habitats and convenient transportation areas. Representative gardens include the Regent Zoo (established in 1828, the world's first modern zoo);

A garden that uses various original gardens or newly built gardens, mainly to view various plant landscapes, and also has the purpose of teaching and research, and is open to the public. Representative gardens include Kew Gardens and Bagatel Park in the UK;

A green space system composed of squares, streets, and waterfront areas other than various gardens, as well as public buildings, campuses, residential areas, etc., is an important part of urban environment construction.

Since the Renaissance, European gardens have gone through various style stages. The new gardens have inherited the elements of classical gardens in style, and absorbed inspiration from British landscape gardens, presenting the characteristics of transition from classical to modernity.

With the end of feudal monarchy, in order to adapt to the needs of the people and create a more comfortable, happy and healthy recreational environment, many palaces and manors have been changed into parks and are divided into zoos and botanical gardens according to their content and form to meet the recreation of citizens. Entertainment needs.

The construction of green spaces in urban environments such as urban squares, streets, and waterfront areas has better adapted to the public's recreational needs and has become the fundamental feature of modern European gardens.

Not only are plants arranged according to classification to reflect the evolutionary process of plants, but they are also arranged according to natural ecological habits to reflect the natural regional distribution of plants, becoming a new fashion and gradually forming the law of garden plant design. At the same time, the plant configuration conforms to the natural environment and plant growth and development characteristics, coordinates with each other in terms of flower, leaf shape, tree body shape, outline, etc., and emphasizes the coordination of plant style and architectural shape.