Proliferation of cells (mitosis)

This is a mind map about cell proliferation (mitosis). The main contents include: comparing mitosis, meaning, end, late, mid-stage, and early stages of animal and plant cells. According to the behavior of chromosomes, the mitosis phase of mitosis is divided into four parts. Period: early, middle, late, late.

Edited at 2025-02-09 20:02:56

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Proliferation of cells (mitosis)

Gavinnblake

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Outline

Proliferation of cells (mitosis)

According to the behavior of chromosomes, the mitotic phase is divided into four periods: pre-stage, mid-stage, late-stage, and end-stage

Early stage

Main changes: chromatin becomes a chromosome; each chromosome includes two sister chromatids connected to a common centromere; the nucleolus gradually disintegrates, and the nuclear membrane gradually disappears; spindle wires appear

Summary: The membrane kernel disappears and appears

Medium term

Main changes: The centromeres of each chromosome are arranged on the equatorial plate (one position); the chromosome morphology is fixed and the number is clear, which is the best time to observe chromosomes.

The shape is fixed and the number is clear and the equatorial equatorial

Later

Main changes: Each centromere splits into two, sister chromatids separate, becoming two chromosomes, which are pulled by spindle wires to move toward the poles of the cell respectively.

Summary: Adding the number of particles to both poles

Final

Main changes: Each chromosome gradually becomes a chromatin filament, the spindle filament gradually disappears, and a new nuclear membrane and nucleolus appear, forming two new nuclei; a cell plate appears at the equatorial plate, and the cell plate gradually expands, Form new cell walls

Two-in-one reconstruction wall

significance

After replicating the chromosomes of parent cells (the key is the replication of DNA), they are accurately divided into two daughter cells to maintain genetic stability

Comparison of mitosis of animal and plant cells

same

The same changes in chromosomal behavior, chromosome and nuclear DNA count

different

Spindle wire formation method

Animal cells: There is a pair of centromeres composed of centromeres (centromeres doubling during the interdividual period and become two groups). After entering the cleavage period, the two groups of centromeres move toward the cell level respectively. Star rays are emitted around the two sets of centrioles, and the star rays between the two sets of centrioles form a spindle

Advanced plant cells: no centrosomes, the cells emit spindle wires at both levels to form spindles

How daughter cells are formed

Animal cells: At the end of division, the cell membrane dents inward from the middle of the cell, and finally confiscates the cell into two parts

Plant cells: At the end of division, cell plates appear at the equatorial plates, gradually expanding from the cell plates to form new cell walls